小麦啤酒的研制

以小麦芽为主要原料，采用加酶糖化法，加麦汁澄清剂煮沸，浮选法去除冷凝固物，滤酒时添加ＰＶＰＰ、“快８３”硅胶和复合抗氧剂，用二氧化碳背压、二次抽真空法包装等先进可行的技术，酿制出风味独特，非生物稳定性好的小麦啤酒，有效解决了小麦啤酒生产中麦汁过滤困难和保质期短的难题。     

酿造单宁与硅胶在啤酒生产中的应用对比

[概述]近年来,随着啤酒行业的激烈竞争,对啤酒的保质期(非生物稳定性、风味稳定性)提出愈来愈高的要求,提高保质期的各种啤酒稳定剂如酿造单宁、硅胶、蛋白酶、PVPP 也得到迅速发展。为了进一步探讨稳定剂的应用效果,我们在啤酒过滤前缓冲罐中添加硅胶和酿造单宁进行对比试验,达到了预期的目的。     

两种啤酒保质期预测试验相关性分析

本文对啤酒保质期的预测试验方法进行了研究，研究结果表明，冷热交替试验与啤酒的保质期具有较高的相关性，而饱和硫酸铵（SASPL）试验相关性较差，硅胶对检测结果的影响较大。     

使用小麦麦芽生产干爽型啤酒

我们设想寻找一种较理想的配方 ,使啤酒既具有常规啤酒的典型性 ,又融合小麦啤酒的特殊性 ,从而生产一种介于白啤与黄啤之间的新品种。为此 ,酿造时 ,大麦芽仍占主导地位 ,以保证其具有啤酒的原有风格 ,再加上恰当比例的小麦芽 ,来提高啤酒的泡沫 ,增加爽口感 ,使其具有饮料的解渴特性 ,为达到上述目标 ,在酿造过程时要重点解决下面一些技术问题 :(1)酿造小麦品种选择及理想的制麦工艺 ;(2 )恰当的小麦芽使用比例 ;(3)解决啤酒的冷混浊 ,延长保质期 ,保质期达到 36 0天以上。1　试验方案的确立1 1　小麦品种及其制麦工艺1 1 1　小麦品种的选…     

提高小麦啤酒保质期的工艺探讨

在过去的一年里,“小麦啤酒”风靡市场,下面就如何提高小麦啤酒保质期发表一点自己的看法:小麦啤酒由于含有较高的蛋白质,其稳定性尤其冷稳定性较差,在酿制小麦啤酒过程中,应从以下几个方面注意:1、由于小麦芽蛋白质含量高,在糖化阶段应加强蛋白质分解,从蛋白质休止时间、温度、醪液 PH     

应用硅胶提高啤酒保质期的试验

论述了硅胶的特性,对亮爽Ｂ２８０硅胶的过滤性能以及改进啤酒光泽和浊度、提高保质期等方面进行了试验。结果表明,Ｂ２８０硅胶添加量３００ｇ／ｍ＾３啤酒,过滤时进出口压差仅为０．０４ＭＰａ,过滤性能好;啤酒清亮度和泡持性提高,两个月后,啤酒仍保持清亮。     

啤酒多酚-蛋白质沉淀及低温酒精冷混浊预测啤酒保质期

啤酒的混浊问题比较复杂，但通常是由多酚—蛋白的复合物引起的非生物混浊；低温酒精冷混浊试验可以快速地预测啤酒保质期，该法简捷，测定结果预见性强，填补国内无快速预测啤酒保质期的技术空白。     

脯氨酸内切蛋白酶在啤酒中应用的探讨

1试验的目的 ）降低生产成本和酿造车间酒损; 2）替代酿造单宁、硅胶,确保成品啤酒的保质期在9个月以上。     

硅胶在啤酒稳定处理中的应用研究

硅胶是一种啤酒非生物稳定剂,它能够有选择地吸附啤酒中形成混浊的高分子蛋白质,从而改善啤酒质量,延长啤酒的保质期。但目前,国内啤酒厂家中,对硅胶的实际应用作深入细致研究的,尚为数不多。而目前国内啤酒市场上用作啤酒稳定剂的硅胶品牌、种类较多,不同的硅胶吸附效果各不相同,甚至差别很大。针对特定的酒基,我们应选用作用效果最佳的硅胶,这就是硅胶选型问题。再如,硅胶的合理添加量,硅胶与啤酒的作用时间及硅胶添加方式等,都是实际生产中所面临的问题。我们研究的目的,就是通过试验,总结出一套合理的硅胶使用方法,以便用最低的经济投入,达到最佳的作用效果。在此,我们采用硫酸铵沉淀方法来预测啤酒的非生物稳定性,并衡量硅胶的作用效果。     

应用硅胶提高啤酒非生物稳定性的研究

硅胶具有多孔结构，可把蛋白质混浊的前驱体（形成蛋白质一多酚混浊）从啤酒中吸附出来，进而提高啤酒的保质期。硅胶主要有水硅胶和干硅胶两种。本公司主要进行了应用干硅胶提高啤酒的非生物稳定性的研究。l试验材料（l）BECOSORB1000稳定剂（德国BECO公司出品）怔）BG－6（St－PR00F纯硅胶）（美国SCM产品）（3）待过滤锥形罐啤酒液；2试验方法及条件问）硅胶作为助滤吸附剂；幢）选用同期酒基进行生产性对比试验；（3）预涂结束在配比罐添加硅藻土及硅胶，再加水搅拌均匀，过滤中用计量泵按比例加人；（4）添加量依次为100PPm…     

Prediction of Colloidal Stability of Highly Stabilized Beers by a Modified Chapon Tannoid Content Test

The tannoid content test, introduced by Chapon, is accepted as a recommended MEBAK analytical method for the detection of haze‐forming polyphenols in beer and other intermediates. Under certain conditions, the results can be used directly for predicting the colloidal stability of beer. Its disadvantage is that it does not provide detectable results for beers stabilized by high doses of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP). A test modification is proposed that increases the test sensitivity and gives non‐zero results, even for highly stabilized samples that are not measurable by the standard test. The modification is based on adding saturated ammonium sulphate solution (SASS) to the sample to reach 9% saturation (0.5 mL of SASS to 5 mL sample volume) before the actual test performance. The results of the modified test can simply be converted to results obtained by the standard method. Tannoid content correlates linearly with the content of haze‐forming polyphenols and with chill haze produced after defined accelerated aging. In a set of beer samples of one brand having different degrees of stabilization, a high correlation was determined between test results and long‐term colloidal stability. The modified test can be used as a rapid and simple test for checking the stabilization process. It is particularly suitable for Pilsner type beer of long (more than 6 months) colloidal stability controlled by stabilization on the side of polyphenols.     

利用SASPL值提高小黑麦啤酒非生物稳定性的研究

该文描述了SASPL值的测定方法及其与啤酒非生物稳定性的关系。据此确定了添加硅胶对提高小黑麦啤酒非生物稳定性的方法 ,并进一步探讨解决了高蛋白小黑麦容易造成蛋白质混浊的关键问题。     

Phenolic Substances in Beer: Structural Diversity,Reactive Potential and Relevance for Brewing Process and Beer Quality

For the past 100 years, polyphenol research has played a central role in brewing science. The class of phenolic substances comprises simple compounds built of 1 phenolic group as well as monomeric and oligomeric flavonoid compounds. As potential anti‐ or prooxidants, flavor precursors, flavoring agents and as interaction partners with other beer constituents, they influence important beer quality characteristics: flavor, color, colloidal, and flavor stability. The reactive potential of polyphenols is defined by their basic chemical structure, hydroxylation and substitution patterns and degree of polymerization. The quantitative and qualitative profile of phenolic substances in beer is determined by raw material choice. During the malting and brewing process, phenolic compounds undergo changes as they are extracted or enzymatically released, are subjected to heat‐induced chemical reactions or are precipitated with or adsorbed to hot and cold trub, yeast cells and stabilization agents. This review presents the current state of knowledge of the composition of phenolic compounds in beer and brewing raw materials with a special focus on their fate from raw materials throughout the malting and brewing process to the final beer. Due to high‐performance analytical techniques, new insights have been gained on the structure and function of phenolic substance groups, which have hitherto received little attention. This paper presents important information and current studies on the potential of phenolics to interact with other beer constituents and thus influence quality parameters. The structural features which determine the reactive potential of phenolic substances are discussed.     

TRIMERIC AND OLIGOMERIC FLAVANOIDS IN BEER: A JOINT APPLICATION OF SEPHADEX LH-20 AND REVERSED-PHASE GRADIENT ELUTION HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Flavanoids were separated from a commercial Belgian beer by adsorption on Sephadex LH-20 and desorption from this gel with an acetone-water mixture (60%). The resulting desorbates were analyzed by reversed-phase gradient elution high-performance liquid chromatography. The results clearly indicate that beer contains trimeric and higher oligomeric proanthocyanidins. These polyphenols are not only important for the colloidal stability of a beer, but also for its flavour.     

A new rapid high‐throughput method for prediction of beer colloidal stability

A rapid high‐throughput test for prediction of beer colloidal stability has been developed and evaluated. The method is based on the procedure of aging accelerated by high temperature (60 °C). The aging process is accelerated through decarbonization and defined oxidation of the sample. A significant correlation was observed between the results of this rapid test and a standard accelerated aging test. The method can be used as a rapid and simple test for checking the efficiency of the stabilization process. The duration and sensitivity of the test can be modified by adjusting the test parameters. Copyright © 2016 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE FOAM-STABILIZING SUBSTANCES IN BEER

A material containing both carbohydrate and protein together with some ferulic acid, and which has pronounced foam-stabilizing activity, has been isolated from beer. A fraction similar in constitution and activity to the beer constituent has been recovered from an aqueous extract of barley flour. These materials are comparable with a glycoprotein present in wheat flour; the latter has been shown to be effective in the stabilization of beer foam. There was little difference in the amount and activity of extracts prepared from different varieties of barley.     

Differences in protein content and foaming properties of cloudy beers based on wheat malt content

To investigate differences in protein content, all barley malt beer, wheat/barley malt beer and all wheat malt beer were brewed, and the protein during mashing, wort, fermentation and beer determined. It was shown that protein was mainly extracted during mashing and the protein rest phase, decreased in the early stages of fermentation and remained almost steady during wort boiling and cooling, in the middle and late stages of fermentation. By separating beer foam from beer, similar protein bands of 51.7, 40.0, 27.3, 14.8, 6.5 and < 6.5 kDa appeared in the three beers, defoamed beers and beer foams using the sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Quantitatively, protein bands of 6.5–14.8 and <6.5 kDa had the highest contents in the three beers. Unique bands at 34, 29.2, 23.0, 19.7 and 17.7 kDa were found in beer, defoamed beer and beer foam from wheat beer and all‐wheat malt beer, respectively. Wheat beer foam showed the best foam stability and the protein in all barley malt beer showed the best migration to the foam. The beer foam properties were influenced by not only protein content but also protein characteristics and/or origin. It is suggested that the barley malt contributed the beer foam ‘skeleton protein’ while protein components from wheat malt kept the foam stable. © 2018 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

Comparison of beer quality attributes between beers brewed with 100% barley malt and 100% barley raw material

BACKGROUND: Brewing with 100% barley using the Ondea^® Pro exogenous brewing enzyme product was compared to brewing with 100% barley. The use of barley, rather than malt, in the brewing process and the consequences for selected beer quality attributes (foam formation, colloidal stability and filterability, sensory differences, protein content and composition) was considered. RESULTS: The quality attributes of barley, malt, kettle‐full‐wort, cold wort, unfiltered beer and filtered beer were assessed. A particular focus was given to monitoring changes in the barley protein composition during the brewing process and how the exogenous OndeaPro^® enzymes influenced wort protein composition. All analyses were based on standard brewing methods described in ASBC, EBC or MEBAK. To monitor the protein changes two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used. CONCLUSION: It was shown that by brewing beer with 100% barley and an appropriate addition of exogenous Ondea^® Pro enzymes it was possible to efficiently brew beer of a satisfactory quality. The production of beers brewed with 100% barley resulted in good process efficiency (lautering and filtration) and to a final product whose sensory quality was described as light, with little body and mouthfeel, very good foam stability and similar organoleptic qualities compared to conventional malt beer. In spite of the sensory evaluation differences could still be seen in protein content and composition. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

啤酒胶体稳定性及稳定助剂的研究进展

啤酒是一种成分复杂的热力学不稳定胶体体系,长期存放会产生混浊甚至沉淀.啤酒的胶体稳定性涉及复杂的物理和化学作用,而这些作用与啤酒生产工艺和所使用稳定助剂的物化特性密切相关.近年来,随着消费者对啤酒档次、风味、营养性和存放时间等方面要求的提高,也给啤酒的胶体稳定性提出了更高的要求.如何经济高效的提高啤酒胶体稳定性,延长货架稳定期,成为啤酒生产企业关注的重要问题之一.本文简要介绍了啤酒胶体稳定性相关研究和理论,综述了近年来啤酒稳定助剂开发与应用的现状和新进展.     

50t上面发酵小麦啤酒中试生产工艺技术研究

小麦啤酒是以小麦麦芽为主要原料(占原料总量的40％以上)，采用上面酵母发酵酿制而成。该实验对50t上面发酵小麦啤酒进行了研究，低蛋白白皮软质小麦麦芽、优质大麦麦芽、大米、酒花的选取及合理配比是小麦啤酒风味及质量的可靠保证；双醪浸出糖化工艺操作简便，是可行的；合理调整发酵接种量、接种温度、主发酵温度及发酵罐压力等工艺参数：对改善小麦啤酒风味，提高小麦啤酒质量起到了至关重要的作用；小麦啤酒成品稳定性测试取得了满意的结果。