晶状体前囊膜在青光眼白内障联合术中的应用

目的 探讨晶状体前囊膜在青光眼白内障联合手术中的应用效果.方法 对47例56只眼青光眼合并白内障患者行白内障超声乳化吸出、后房折叠式人工晶状体植入及小梁切除术,术中植入自体晶状体前囊膜,术后随访1~3年,观察术前和术后视力、眼压及术后滤过泡的变化.结果 术后视力较术前显著提高(P＜0.05);术后一周眼压平均(10.6±2.4)mmHg,随访1~3年平均(15.3±2.1)mmHg,较术前用药前后眼压相比均明显下降(P＜0.05);Ⅰ型滤过泡21只眼(37.5%),Ⅱ型滤过泡35只眼(62.5%);术中术后无严重并发症发生.结论 晶状体前囊膜应用于青光眼白内障联合术中能有效防止滤过泡瘢痕化、控制眼压和稳定视力,方法安全有效.     

几丁糖膜在兔实验性小梁切除术后抗瘢痕作用研究

目的几丁糖制成膜状对兔实验性小梁切除术滤过泡作用。方法兔30只，双眼均行常规小梁切除术，每只兔随机选取1只眼为实验眼，植入几丁糖膜，另1只眼为对照眼，行常规小梁切除术不植入几丁糖膜。术后观察眼压，成纤维细胞计数，Kaplan—Meier分析法统计术后滤过泡情况。结果（1）眼压：实验组术后1、2、4周眼压与术前相比差异有统计学意义，第5周开始眼压与术前相比差异无统计学意义。对照组术后1周与术前相比差异有统计学意义，第2周开始眼压与术前相比差异无统计学意义。术后1～4周，6周，8周，12周实验驵与对照组眼压相比差异有统计学意义，实验组低于对照组，第5周差异无统计学意义。（2）实验组滤过泡存留时间与对照组相比差异有统计学意义。（3）成纤维细胞计数：1、2、6、12周实验组与对照组差异有统计学意义（t=-5．541，-5．713，-5．499，-3．063，P〈0．05），3周差异无统计学意义。（4）光镜下实验组1～3周均可见滤过道通畅，几丁糖膜呈均质状，6周滤过道部分阻塞，12周时闭合。对照组第3周开始滤过道消失。结论兔小梁切除术后应用几丁糖膜能抑制成纤维细胞生长，降低眼压，延长滤过泡存留时间。     

成品生物羊膜和晶状体前囊膜在兔眼超声乳化联合小梁切除术中的应用

目的 探讨兔眼超声乳化小梁切除术中联合应用成品生物羊膜和晶状体前囊膜的疗效.方法 将24只新西兰大白兔随机分为A、B、C三组,每组各8只,随机选取每组兔的单眼行白内障超声乳化联合小梁切除术,A组术中植入成品生物羊膜,B组术中植入晶状体前囊膜,C组术中无植入物.术后1d、7d、14 d、28 d观察眼前节反应及功能性滤过泡形成情况,并测量术眼眼压,光学显微镜下观察滤过道情况.结果 A组、B组、C组术后眼压均较术前明显下降,之后逐渐升高,三组术后7d、14 d、21d眼压比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).而A、B组相比较,羊膜降眼压效果较好,两组术后7 d(7.17±0.22) mm-Hg、(7.79 ±0.16) mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg)、14 d(7.54±0.47)mmHg、(8.76±0.81) mmHg、21 d(11.81±0.74) mmHg、(14.03±0.25) mmHg眼压比较,差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05).三组术后不同时间点的前房反应眼数及滤过泡类型的眼数比较:A、B组术后1d、3d、7d、14d前房反应眼数均较C组多,三组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；A组、B组术后1d、7d、14 d、21 d功能性滤过泡的数量较C组多,三组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).三组术后早期滤过道均通畅.有功能滤过泡的维持和植入物有关,术后28 dA、B组滤过道均完全开放,A组成纤维细胞少,但有炎性细胞浸润,B组可见囊膜边缘变钝,未见淋巴细胞浸润,C组术区可见瘢痕组织填塞滤过道.结论 兔眼白内障超声乳化联合小梁切除术中应用成品生物羊膜、晶状体前囊膜均能安全、有效降低眼压,抑制或减轻术后滤过道的瘢痕化,而成品生物羊膜降眼压效果较好.     

丁酰化壳聚糖膜在兔眼滤过手术抗瘢痕的研究

目的研究丁酰化壳聚糖膜在兔眼高眼压模型滤过手术中的抗瘢痕作用。方法实验研究。45只青紫蓝兔随机分为3组,每组左眼为实验眼,前房均注射0．3％复方卡波姆溶液（含有0．025％地塞米松）0．3ml,诱导兔眼高眼压模型,3周后眼压为30—40mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）。第1组：单纯小梁切除术;第2组：小梁切除术中使用丝裂霉素c（MMC）;第3组：将丁酰化壳聚糖膜植入小梁切除术的板层巩膜瓣下。右眼均不行手术为对照组。分别于术后1、2、4、8及12周每组随机处死3只兔,制作眼球标本。结果病理切片显示术后2周时,单纯小梁切除组巩膜瓣胶原排列紊乱,炎性细胞浸润较多,伴有新生血管形成。MMC组巩膜瓣胶原排列紊乱,胶原组织短小、断裂,伴有炎性细胞浸润。壳聚糖膜组巩膜瓣间隙可见,胶原排列整齐,炎性细胞较少。术后2周,单纯小梁切除组的眼压〉21mmHg,明显高于MMC组和壳聚糖膜组（F=392．869,P〈0．05）,术后12周。壳聚糖膜组眼压低于单纯小梁切除组和MMC组（F=259．923,P〈0．05）;手术4周后,单纯小梁切除组与MMC组功能性滤过泡比率下降。结论丁酰化壳聚糖膜植入兔眼高眼压模型小梁切除术板层巩膜瓣下,有效抑制纤维细胞增生,维持滤过道通畅,术后并发症少,有助于提高手术成功率。     

晶状体前囊膜应用于兔眼超声乳化联合小梁切除术的实验研究

目的探讨兔眼超声乳化联合小梁切除术中晶状体前囊膜植入的疗效。方法 20只新西兰大白兔随机分为两组,每组各10只兔(20眼),第1组:随机选择1只眼做超声乳化+小梁切除术(A组),另1只眼做超声乳化+小梁切除术并辅助应用晶状体前囊膜(B组);第2组:随机选择1只眼做超声乳化+小梁切除术联合应用丝裂霉素C(C组);另1只眼做超声乳化+小梁切除术并辅助应用晶状体前囊膜(B组)。术后3d、7d、14d、21d、28d观察眼前房炎性反应、滤过泡形态及功能,并测量术眼眼压,光学显微镜下观察滤过道情况。结果 A组、B组、C组术后3d、7d、14d前房炎性反应比较,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。术后21d,A组、B组、C组功能性滤过泡所占比例分别为14.3%(1/7)、85.7%(12/14)、85.7%(6/7),A组与B组、C组相比,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。3组术后眼压较术前明显下降,后逐渐升高,术后14d、21dA组与B组、C组眼压比较,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。组织病理学显示,3组早期滤过道均通畅;术后28dA组滤过道完全被瘢痕组织阻塞,C组滤过道远端闭合,近端小部分开放,B组滤过道完全开放,囊膜边缘变钝,未见淋巴细胞浸润。结论超声乳化联合小梁切除术中应用晶状体前囊膜可在术后有效降低眼压,抑制或减轻滤过道瘢痕化,提高手术成功率。     

复合式小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼

目的 观察复合式小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣F羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效.方法 对32例(40眼)行复合式小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入,观察术后滤过泡的形成以及眼压变化和并发症的发生.随访3～24个月.结果 滤过泡:Ⅰ、Ⅱ型滤过泡34眼,Ⅲ、Ⅳ型滤过泡6眼;眼压:术后3个月平均眼压(13.2±2.7)mmHg,术后12个月平均眼压(15.6±3.1)mmHg.,结论复合式小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼能有效提高手术成功率.     

晶状体前囊膜在青光眼白内障联合手术的应用研究

目的:评价晶状体前囊膜在青光眼白内障联合手术中的临床效果及降压作用。方法:采用随机对照的方法,将30例(30眼)闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者分为实验组和对照组各15眼,实验组行小梁切除联合小切口白内障囊外摘除+人工晶状体植入术,术中将自体前囊膜衬垫在巩膜瓣下,对照组行小梁切除联合小切口白内障囊外摘除+人工晶状体植入术,术中一次性应用MMC,浓度0.33g/L,根据结膜、筋膜的肥厚程度不同,时间1~4min不等,随访6~12mo。主要观察指标:视力、眼压、滤过泡、手术成功率、角膜内皮细胞密度、术后并发症等。结果:实验组与对照组在功能性滤过泡的累积存活率,手术成功率、术后视力改善、角膜内皮计数密度、术后并发症无显著性差异;两组形成的滤过泡类型有显著性差异。结论:晶状体前囊膜应用于青光眼白内障联合术中可有效降低眼压,长期有效保留功能性滤泡,保持滤过道开放,且并发症较少。     

晶状体前囊膜在青光眼白内障联合手术中抗滤过泡瘢痕形成的实验研究

目的:评价晶状体前囊膜作为植入物应用于兔眼青光眼白内障联合手术中阻止滤过口瘢痕形成的作用。方法:选取12只(24眼)科研用新西兰大白兔,先制作高眼压模型。采用随机对照的方法,选择右眼(12眼)为实验组,左眼(12眼)为对照组,实验组在手术显微镜下行青光眼小梁切除联合小切口白内障囊外摘除术,并将自体前囊膜放置于巩膜瓣下,对照组单纯行青光眼小梁切除联合小切口白内障囊外摘除术,观察时间为1d～6mo。术后不同时间点观察眼压、滤过泡、结膜、角膜、前房形成、房水炎症反应,眼部并发症情况及显微镜下观察巩膜滤过道内细胞病理学改变。结果:术后手术成功率、功能滤过泡的累积存活率及并发症均存在有显著性差异。实验组术后1,2,4wk眼压明显低于对照组(P<0.05),术后12,24wk眼压低于对照组,但差异无显著性(P>0.05)。实验组术后1wk手术区大量炎细胞和成纤维细胞,随后炎细胞数量和成纤维细胞减少。术后3mo晶状体前囊膜部分溶解,滤过道内仅存少量异物巨细胞,并于术后6mo接近消失,滤过道保持开放。对照组术后1wk手术区有大量炎细胞和成纤维细胞,于术后1mo左右出现部分滤过通道关闭。在整个实验观察过程中,实验组手术区成纤维细胞数量无明显变化(P>0.05),但与对照组相比较有明显统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:晶状体前囊膜在术后6mo大部分溶解吸收。在实验动物中将将其应用于青光眼白内障联合术中可有效地降低眼压,并能抑制成纤维细胞增殖,长期有效保留功能性滤泡,保持滤过道开放,且并发症较少。     

小切口白内障摘除联合小梁切除术治疗开角型青光眼合并白内障

目的:观察小切口白内障囊外摘除、后房型人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗合并白内障的开角型青光眼的疗效。方法:回顾分析2011-01/2013-01在我院住院行小切口白内障囊外摘除、后房型人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术的34例34眼合并白内障的开角型青光眼的疗效,观察术后矫正视力、眼压、滤过泡及并发症等。结果:术后随访6~24mo。术后最佳矫正视力0.1~<0.3者4眼(12%),0.3~1.0者30眼(88%),术后6mo眼压14.7±0.8mmHg。术后1wk内34眼呈功能性滤过泡,6wk后28眼呈功能滤过泡,4眼滤过泡不明显,2眼滤过泡包裹并需加用1种局部降眼压药。术后并发症主要为角膜水肿12眼(35%),前房纤维素性渗出5眼(15%),浅前房6眼(18%),后发性白内障6眼(18%)。结论:小切口白内障囊外摘除、后房型人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术可有效治疗合并白内障的开角型青光眼。     

晶状体前囊膜在青光眼白内障联合手术中的应用

实验组 10例青光眼合并白内障的病人 ,行小梁切除联合白内障超声乳化、人工晶状体植入术 ,术中将自体前囊膜衬垫在巩膜瓣下 ,对照组 12例青光眼合并白内障的病人 ,仅行小梁切除联合白内障超声乳化、人工晶状体植入术。实验组术后 1、 3、6周眼压明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,术后 9、 12周眼压低于对照组 ,但差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。术后视力及并发症两组无明显差异。提示晶状体前囊膜应用于青 -白联合手术中能有效降低眼压 ,无明显并发症。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Current Thoughts on the Aetiology of Ocular Changes during Contact Lens Wear

ABSTRACT: Contact lenses are known to produce changes to the ocular tissues, and this review attempts to give a comprehensive assemblage of the knowledge on the aetiology of such changes. To achieve this result, the changes are categorized by structure and function, and discussed according to the temporal nature of occurrence where appropriate. Although assessment of the importance of a particular tissue change is difficult, this overview enables some degree of judgement to be made on the aetiology of the major side-effects of contact lens wear. This gives a basis on which to modify aspects of contact lens wear to ultimately increase the success rate.     

The detection of motion in chromatic stimuli: first-order and second-order spatial structure

This study provides evidence for the existence of a low-level chromatic motion mechanism and further elucidates the conditions under which its operation becomes measurable in an experimental stimulus. Observers discriminated the direction of motion of amplitude modulated (AM) gratings that were defined by luminance or chromatic variation and masked with spatiotemporally broadband luminance or chromatic noise. The size and retinal location of the stimuli were varied and the effects of broadband noise and grating masks were both compared with the cohort of stimuli. Some significant disparities in the published literature were well explained by the results. In conclusion, evidence for a chromatically sensitive motion mechanism that evades the, detrimental effects of a luminance mask was found only at the fovea and only when the stimulus was small and centrally placed.     

Local chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of ocular malignancies

We critically analyze available peer-reviewed literature, including clinical trials and case reports, on local ocular cancer treatments. Recent innovations in many areas of ocular oncology have introduced promising new therapies, but, for the most part, the optimal treatment of ocular malignancies remains elusive.