电导法测定无机盐对十二烷基磺酸钠溶液临界胶束浓度的影响

在40℃时利用电导法测定了无机盐NaCl、KCl、CuCl2、ZnSO4、Fe(NO3)3及AlCl3对十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)溶液临界胶束浓度(CMC)的影响,并推导了表示无机盐浓度和SDS溶液CMC值之间关系的线性方程.结果表明,随着各种无机盐浓度的增加,SDS溶液的CMC值降低,且不同价态的金属无机盐对SDS溶液...     

Effects of sintering atmospheres on sintering behavior, electrical conductivity and oxygen permeability of mixed-conducting membranes

Effects of sintering atmospheres on properties of SrCo_0.4Fe_0.5Zr_0.1O_3−δ mixed-conducting membranes were in detail studied in terms of sintering behavior, electrical conductivity and oxygen permeability. The sintering atmospheres were 100% N₂, 79% N₂–21% O₂, 60% N₂–40% O₂, 40% N₂–60% O₂, 20% N₂–80% O₂ and 100% O₂ (in vol.%), and the prepared membranes were correspondingly denoted as S-0, S-21, S-40, S-60, S-80 and S-100, respectively. It was found that the properties of membranes were strongly dependent on the sintering atmosphere. As the oxygen partial pressure in the sintering atmosphere (P_O2) increased, sintering ability, electrical conductivity and oxygen permeability decreased at first, which was in the order of S-0 > S-21 > S-40. However, as P_O2 increased further, sintering ability, electrical conductivity and oxygen permeability increased gradually: S-40 < S-60 < S-80 < S-100. And the S-100 membrane had the best sintering ability, electrical conductivity and oxygen permeability in all membranes.     

Investigation on critical aggregation concentration of carbosiloxane dendrimer in dilute solution probed by rhodamine B

We propose a novel method for probing aggregation of dendrimers by investigating the isomerization equilibrium between pink zwitterionic form (Z-form) and colorless lactonic form (L-form) of rhodamine B (RhB) molecules in dilute solution. Investigation using carbosiloxane dendrimers (CSiO-D) with different generations as the model dendrimer molecules showed that the equilibrium constant of isomerization of RhB increased dramatically at the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of dendrimers. The redox potential differences between isomers of RhB indicated that aggregation of CSiO-D accelerated the isomerization of RhB and stabilized the L-form of RhB. The data on Gibbs energy and electrolytic conductivity provided further evidence for confirming the CAC of dendrimers in dilute solution and showed good agreement with our other experimental results. The proposed method is effective in estimating the CAC of dendrimers in dilute solution.     

Influence of gas flow rate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose on foam properties of fatty alcohol sodium polyoxyethylene ether sulfate solution

Foamability, foam initial liquid volume, and bubble size of fatty alcohol sodium polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES) surfactant solution were studied with and without the addition of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) at different gas flow rates, using a sparging method. The generation time decreased with increasing gas flow rate. At low gas flow rates, the added CMC greatly enhanced the foamability by preventing bubble collapse. The initial liquid volume of the foam first increased rapidly, and then gradually decreased. Increasing the CMC concentration increased the initial liquid volume of the foam. The mean bubble diameter first clearly decreased, then increased slowly with increasing gas flow rate. CMC showed different effects on bubble size at high and low gas flow rates. Adsorption of CMC on AES molecules forms a network structure and improves bubble film stability, which can explain the above results. These findings provide guidelines for generating foam with excellent properties suitable for coal mine dust control by adjusting the gas flow rate and the concentration of the added water-soluble polymer.     

A study of the electrical conductivity and transition points of sodium carbonate

The electrical conductivity of Na₂CO₃ has been measured between 270 and 830°C under different atmospheres: air, argon, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. The conductivity depends on atmosphere owing to superficial decomposition of Na₂CO₃. The existence of a thermal transformation at 620°C seems confirmed. The determination of the transport numbers shows that cations only are responsible for the current. From measurements taken on samples containing traces of CaCO₃, the migration energy of cation vacancies is inferred.     

Effects of gamma rays on the electrical conductivity of polychelates

Values of the electrical conductivities (δ) of the coordination polymers of Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd with the poly (Schiff base) ligand (PSB), derived from 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane and 5,5′-methylene bis-salicylaldehyde, were measured over the temperature range of 300–550 K. A slight variation in δ was found, the values decreasing in the order δ_Ni > δ_Co > δ_Cu > δ_Zn > δ_Mn > δ_Cd > δ_PSB. The effect of γ-irradiation on the electrical conductivities of PSB and its polychelates was also studied. The radiation-induced electrical conductivities of the compounds investigated were found to decrease with increasing radiation dose. The conductivity data and the Seebeck voltage values showed that γ-irradiated and unirradiated complexes behave as n-type semi-conductors. The effects of γ-irradiation on the electrical conductivity, activation energies for electrical charge transfer, charge carriers and the conduction mechanism in PSB and its polychelates are discussed.     

Effect of temperature and dopant concentration on the conductivity of samaria-doped ceria electrolyte

The conductivity, σ, of a samaria-doped ceria electrolyte is studied as a function of temperature and dopant concentration, x, which was from 5 to 30 mol%. It is shown that a maximum in σ versus x corresponds to a minimum in activation energy. It is found that the conductivity is completely due to oxygen vacancy conduction. The conductivity increases with increasing samaria doping and reaches a maximum for (CeO₂)_0.8(SmO_1.5)_0.2, which has a conductivity of 5.6×10^–1 S/cm at 800 °C. A curvature at T=T _c, the critical temperature, has been observed in the Arrhenius plot. This phenomenon may be explained by a model which proposed that, below T _c, nucleation of mobile oxygen vacancies into ordered clusters occurs, and, above T _c, all oxygen vacancies appear to be mobile without interaction with dopant cation. In addition, the composition dependences of both the critical temperature and the trapping energy are consistent with that of the activation energy. Electronic Publication     

油酸钠微乳液体系的结构参数和电导行为研究

本文用稀释法测定了油酸钠/醇/正庚烷/水四组分W/O型微乳液体系的结构参数:水内核半径Rw,颗粒有效半径Re,界面层厚度L,平均聚集数N,颗粒总数Nd,分散相总界面积Ad等结构参数和醇从连续相转移到界面的自由能△Goc-i。结果表明微乳液水内核半径Rw大小在纳米尺度;随含水量的增加,水内核半径Rw直线增加,而醇转移的界面自由能-△Goc-i减小,在含水量较低时微乳液的稳定性较强。对助表面活性剂的种类、内水相盐度变化对油酸钠微乳液电导率的影响进行了考察,结果表明使用正丁醇时形成电导渗滤体系,而使用正戊醇、异戊醇和正己醇时形成的是非渗滤体系;内水相中加入Na NO3对电导渗滤有抑制作用。醇碳链长度增加及适当的盐度有利于微乳液体系的稳定。     

Enthalpies of solution in water of urotropine as function of concentration and temperature

Enthalpies of solution of Hexamethylenetetramine in water at several molal concentrations and at four temperatures (278.15, 288.15, 298.15, and 308.15) K were determined. The values of enthalpy of solution at infinite dilution were combined with the enthalpy of sublimation to get the corresponding enthalpies of hydration. The change in heat capacity at infinite dilution was calculated.     

无机盐和尿素对直链烷基苯磺酸钠浓溶液粘度性质的影响

在303.2±0.1K,测定了直链烷基苯磺酸钠(SLABS),硫酸锂.硫酸钠,碘化钠和尿素溶液对水的相对粘度-浓度曲线;SLABS与添加剂的混合溶液对原SLABS溶液的相对粘度-浓度曲线,测定表明,无机盐对SLABS浓溶液有显著的增粘效果, 各种艳所达到的最大粘度有显著差别,盐达到一定浓度会与SLABS形成沉淀, 其增粘能力达到极限,这些结果用胶团溶液结构,离子与胶团的相互作用,离子的水合能力,水结构改变和活度积效应来解释,尿素明显地降低SLABS浓溶液的粘度.用硫酸钠增粘时,尿素浓度越高最大粘度越低,相应的盐浓度越高.这些结果用尿素与水合单体(表面活性剂)形成尿合单体,使参与水合单体与胶团平衡的SLABS实际浓度降低来解释.     

Thermal and temperature dependence of electrical conductivity studies on Zn,Cd and Hg hydrazone complexes

The complexes of Zn, Cd and Hg of isatin isonicotinoyl hydrazone were prepared at two differentpHs. Their thermal studies (TG, DTG and DTA) have been made and the DC electrical conductivity of compressed powder samples as a function of temperature was investigated. The activation energies (E) were calculated for the ligand and the complexes which showed that the ligand has a lower value of E than the complexes. The magnitude of E was found to be affected by the nature of the metal and thepH of preparation.

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Zusammenfassung Bei zwei verschiedenenpH-Werten wurden die Zn-, Cd- und Hg-Komplexe von Isatinisonicotinoylhydrazon hergestellt. Diese wurden thermisch untersucht (TG, DTG, DTA) und die Gleichstromleitfähigkeit von gepreßten Pulverproben als eine Funktion der Temperatur untersucht. Sowohl für die Liganden als auch für die Komplexe wurden die Aktivierungsenergien (E) berechnet, wobei sich für die Liganden niedrigere Werte ergaben. Man fand, daß die Größe von E durch die Art des Metalles und denpH-Wert bei der Herstellung beeinflußt wird.

     

Factors affecting electrical conductivity of carbon black-loaded rubber. II. Effect of concentration and type of carbon black on electrical conductivity of SBR

Effect of the concentration of four types of carbon black, namely, HAF, FEF, ISAF and GPF, on the electrical conductivity of SBR (1502) was studied. The anomalous behavior of conductivity [σ_min in σ(T) curves] becomes more pronounced as we approach a characteristic value of carbon concentration, F₀, at which maximum anomaly occurs; F₀ was found to depend on the type of carbon black. Moreover, the depth of the valley shape of the σ(T) curve increases with the particle size of carbon black used.     

Influence of radiation on cation exchange reactions and electrical conductivity behavior of H-Mordenites

The transport of hydrochloric acid across a supported liquid membrane using Aliquat 336 in xylene as a carrier was studied. The effect of carrier concentration (0.1–0.6M) on the transportation of hydrochloric acid with and without phase modifier was investigated. The study indicated that the flux of transportation decreased with increasing carrier concentration in the absence of phase modifier. In the presence of phase modifier, however, the flux increased up to 0.2M carrier concentration and started decreasing afterwards. The transportation behavior of hydrochloric acid with and without phase modifier has been attributed to the tendency of aggregation of the carrier.     

Radiation effect on the cation exchange reactions and electrical conductivity behavior of Zeolite 13X

The effect of gamma-radiation on the kinetic parameters of the cation exchange reactions of Co, Ni and Cu ions on Zeolites 13X has been studied. The radiation did not modify the mechanism of the exchange reactions, but it caused a change in the rate of exchange, which is dependent upon radiation dose. The effect of γ-irradiation on the electrical conductivity of zeolites has been also investigated and discussed.