补肾阴及补肾阳法对化疗诱导的卵巢早衰大鼠外周血TNF-α、IFN-γ水平及卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的影响

目的:观察化疗诱导的卵巢早衰大鼠接受补肾阴法和补肾阳法干预后,其外周血肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平及卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡情况。方法:48只雌性SD大鼠随机分成对照(control)组、环磷酰胺(CTX)组、环磷酰胺+补肾阴(CTX+kidney yin)组、环磷酰胺+补肾阳(CTX+kidney yang)组。ELISA法检测各组大鼠外周血TNF-α、IFN-γ水平;末端脱氧核糖核苷酸转移酶介导的缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法检测卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡;Western blot法检测卵巢Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的表达。结果:CTX组大鼠外周血TNF-α、IFN-γ表达水平上升,卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡明显,卵巢中Bax蛋白明显增多,而Bcl-2蛋白明显减少。经本实验中补肾方药治疗后,外周血TNF-α、IFN-γ水平下降,颗粒细胞凋亡程度减轻,Bax蛋白减少,Bcl-2蛋白增多,部分指标变化以CTX+kidney yin组较为明显。结论:补肾阴及补肾阳法可通过调控颗粒细胞凋亡相关的Bax、Bcl-2蛋白及外周血TNF-α、IFN-γ的水平,抑制卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡,恢复卵巢功能、增强储备能力。     

TLR4,TLR9 mRNA在P0 180-199诱导Lewis大鼠EAN模型中的动态表达及TWP对其的影响

目的:观察TLR4,TLR9 mRNA在P0 180-199诱导Lewis大鼠FAN模型中动态表达,以及雷公藤多甙对其的影响.方法:以周围神经髓鞘蛋白P0 180-199免疫Lewis大鼠,给予雷公藤多甙灌胃,TWP 40 mg/(kg·d)干预治疗.观察免疫后大鼠症状和组织病理学改变及TWP对其的影响,利用RT-PCR检测TLR4,TLR9的mRNA表达水平.结果IEAN组出现EAN行为学改变、炎性细胞浸润和髓鞘脱失,TLR4、TLR9的表达高于ETA组(P＜0.05).EAN+TWP组大鼠症状较FAN+NS组稍改善,炎性浸润减少,FAN+TWP组,TLR4和TLR9的表达低于EAN+NS组(P＜0.05).CFA组大鼠无症状,TLR4和TLR9的表达高于NS组(P＜0.05).结论:TLR4和TLR9可能参与EAN发病;雷公藤多甙可能通过抑制TLR4和TLR9的功能来减轻EAN的发病.     

左卡尼汀经β-catenin信号通路保护环磷酰胺所致大鼠睾丸损伤

目的　探讨左卡尼汀（L-carnitine，LC）对环磷酰胺（cyclophosphamide，CP）所致大鼠睾丸损伤的保护作用及其机制。 方法　将18只雄性大鼠随机分为3组：生理盐水（NS）组，CP组，CP+LC组，腹腔注射给药。观测大鼠体重、精神等一般情况及睾丸重量，采用HE染色检测睾丸损伤情况，免疫组化和Western blot法检测睾丸内β-catenin的表达。 结果　CP组大鼠睾丸重量低于NS组（P<0.05），CP+LC组大鼠睾丸重量比CP组有所恢复（P<0.05）；HE染色显示CP组和CP+LC组比NS组生精细胞层数减少（P<0.05），但CP+LC组较CP组生精细胞层数增多（P<0.05）；免疫组化和Western blot均显示CP组β-catenin的表达量高于NS组（P<0.05），CP+LC组β-catenin表达量低于CP组（P<0.05）。 结论　左卡尼汀可下调β-catenin信号进而对环磷酰胺所致大鼠睾丸损伤起到保护作用，可能对抗瘤药引起的男性生育障碍具有潜在的治疗意义。     

左乙拉西坦对红藻氨酸致发育期癫痫幼鼠海马主穹窿蛋白表达的影响

目的:建立发育期慢性癫痫大鼠模型,观察海马主穹窿蛋白(MVP)的表达及左乙拉西坦(LEV)对其表达的影响。方法:腹腔注射红藻氨酸(KA)1 mg/kg(浓度0.5 mg/ml),建立大鼠慢性癫痫模型,注射后连续观察8 h,癫痫发作达5级以上并出现癫痫持续状态的大鼠,且两周后出现自发性反复惊厥发作者视为模型成功。将造模成功后的40只大鼠随机分为未治疗组(KA组)20只,左乙拉西坦治疗组(KA+LEV组)20只,另取40只大鼠腹腔注射生理盐水,并分为NS组20只、NS+LEV组20只。用药组均于癫痫自发性反复发作后开始用药,疗程为6周,然后将所有大鼠断头取脑,用免疫组化及RT-PCR法测定大鼠海马内MVP及其mRNA的表达。结果:(1)大鼠海马MVP的阳性细胞计数与MVP的mRNA表达趋势相一致。(2)NS组、NS+LEV组大鼠海马有少量MVP阳性细胞及mRNA表达,NS+LEV组MVP阳性细胞数及mRNA的含量与NS组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);KA组MVP阳性细胞计数及mRNA的含量与NS组相比显著增高(P<0.05);KA+LEV组与KA组相比,MVP的阳性细胞及mRNA含量减少(P<0.05)。结论:MVP可能参与慢性癫痫耐药的发生,LEV可以控制大鼠痫性发作,并下调MVP的表达。     

威麦宁抗小鼠Lewis肺癌转移作用及分子机制的研究

目的: 探讨威麦宁抗小鼠Lewis肺癌转移作用及其分子机制。方法: 接种Lewis肺癌细胞复制移植性肺癌转移模型,用药后计数肺表面转移灶的数目;免疫组化法检测瘤组织中血管内皮细胞CD34的表达情况、并计数微血管密度(MVD)和瘤细胞表面E-cadherin蛋白表达率;RT-PCR法检测瘤细胞E-cadherin mRNA的表达水平。结果: NS(生理盐水组)、WL(威麦宁低剂量组)、WH(威麦宁高剂量组)、CTX(环磷酰胺组)各组肺转移灶发生率依次为100%、90%、60%和40%。瘤组织内MVD计数, WH组MVD明显低于NS组(P<0.01)。WH组瘤细胞膜表面E-cadherin蛋白表达率及E-cadherin mRNA水平明显高于NS组(P<0.01)。 结论: 威麦宁可能通过提高瘤细胞E-cadherin mRNA及E-cadherin蛋白的表达;减少瘤组织微血管形成等机制,发挥抗Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠移植性肺转移作用。     

尼古丁对PD大鼠黑质多巴胺能神经元变性的影响

目的 探讨尼古丁对帕金森病(PD)大鼠黑质多巴胺能神经元变性的影响及其机制. 方法 45只大鼠随机分为PBS对照组(CON)、生理盐水+ 脂多糖(NS)组、尼古丁+脂多糖(NIC)组,每组15只.黑质内立体定向注射脂多糖(LPS)或PBS后24h,免疫印迹法检测黑质诱导性一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)蛋白表达变化;黑质注射药物后14d,采用免疫组织化学法观察大鼠黑质酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性神经元数量及OX-42阳性细胞形态学变化,RT-PCR及免疫印迹检测黑质TH mRNA及TH蛋白的表达水平. 结果 与CON组相比,NS组大鼠黑质iNOS表达明显增多,TH阳性神经元、TH mRNA及TH蛋白明显减少,小胶质细胞大多呈胞体大突起短粗的形态;NIC组黑质iNOS表达明显少于NS组,黑质TH阳性神经元、TH mRNA及TH蛋白表达较NS组明显增多,大部分小胶质细胞呈胞体小,突起细长的形态. 结论 尼古丁可以减轻LPS介导的多巴胺能神经元变性,对多巴胺能神经元有保护作用,其保护机制与抑制小胶质细胞激活、减少iNOS的表达有关.     

FSHR在成年雌鼠骨髓干细胞离体分化的表达

目的观察睾丸支持细胞(Sertoli cells,SCs)和全反式维甲酸(all-trans retinoic acid,ATRA)对雌性骨髓干细胞(female bone marrow stem cells,FBMSCs)向FSHR+细胞分化的影响。方法将青年SD大鼠FBMSCs用全骨髓贴壁法分离,培养传代至第三代,用免疫细胞化学方法检测雌性骨髓干细胞、支持细胞FSHR的表达,Western blot检测分化细胞FSHR蛋白的表达情况。结果 western blot显示支持细胞共培养组和维甲酸组培养的雌性骨髓干细胞均有FSHR蛋白表达,对照组没有表达。免疫细胞化学显示,支持细胞共培养组和维甲酸组的雌性骨髓干细胞部分分化成为大而圆的FSHR阳性细胞。结论 FMSCs能向颗粒细胞样细胞分化的多能干细胞和定向分化为FSHR+细胞的能力。     

茶多酚对精索静脉曲张大鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响及机制研究

目的探究茶多酚(TP)对精索静脉曲张(Vc)SD大鼠生精细胞凋亡及细胞色素c(Cyt-c)、波形蛋白表达的影响及机制。方法将36只SD大鼠分为对照组、Vc组和Vc+TP组,每组12只。Vc组和Vc+TP组通过左肾静脉结扎构建精索静脉曲张模型,Vc+TP组大鼠给予茶多酚(40 mg/kg)灌胃,对照组和Vc组以等量生理盐水灌胃,连续4周。干预4周后取出大鼠睾丸组织,通过HE染色和TUNEL染色观察睾丸组织损伤和生精细胞凋亡情况,并检测茶多酚对氧化应激指标的影响。通过RT-qPCR和Western blot检测Cyt-c和波形蛋白表达。结果HE染色结果显示,Vc组出现广泛的上皮损伤,Vc+TP组损伤情况明显轻于Vc组。Vc组凋亡指数高于对照组及Vc+TP组(P<0.05)。Vc组丙二醛(MDA)水平高于对照组及Vc+TP组(P<0.05),而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平低于对照组及Vc+TP组(P<0.05);Vc组波形蛋白mRNA和蛋白表达水平均低于对照组及Vc+TP组(P<0.05),而Cyt-c mRNA和蛋白表达水平均高于对照组及Vc+TP组(P<0.05)。结论茶多酚可通过抑制氧化应激反应保护线粒体功能并促进波形蛋白的表达,从而抑制生精细胞凋亡,减轻睾丸损伤,达到缓解精索静脉曲张的目的。     

巴戟天对环磷酰胺诱导的大鼠睾丸生精功能的影响

目的:探讨巴戟天在环磷酰胺诱导的大鼠生精障碍动物模型中的作用,研究巴戟天对大鼠生精功能的影响。方法:检测大鼠的精子活力、精子密度、睾丸指数、附睾指数及组织结构变化;酶联免疫吸附法检测血清睾酮、卵泡刺激素(FSH)和黄体生成素(LH)含量。结果:与空白对照组相比,模型组睾丸指数、附睾指数、精子活力以及精子密度降低;治疗组相对模型组睾丸指数、附睾指数、精子活力、精子活动率均显著增高;H-E染色显示模型组生精小管直径缩小,间距增宽,生精上皮变薄,生殖细胞数量显著减少;治疗组与模型组比较生精小管壁增厚,含有精子的生精小管显著增多;模型组与空白对照组比较血清睾酮显著降低;治疗组与模型组比较其血清睾酮显著增加。结论:巴戟天对环磷酰胺诱导的生精障碍睾丸具有改善睾丸生精小管结构,促进精子发生和间质细胞分泌睾酮的功能。     

支持细胞波形蛋白及紧密连接结构蛋白在染锰大鼠睾丸中的表达

目的研究染锰诱导的大鼠睾丸超微结构改变及支持细胞vimentin(VM)和紧密连接Occludins mRNA和Claudin-11 mRNA表达,探讨锰对支持细胞骨架蛋白和紧密连接蛋白的破坏机制。方法雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组,低剂量(15 mg/kg MnCl_2)和高剂量(30 mg/kg MnCl_2)组,8只/组。实验组分别染锰4周和6周,空白对照组给予等容生理盐水,给药途径均为腹腔注射,电镜观察睾丸支持细胞及血睾屏障超微结构,免疫组织化学(SABC)法检测支持细胞VM表达,实时定量PCR反应检测血睾屏障紧密连接Occludins,Claudin-11 mRNA表达。结果随着染锰时间延长和剂量增加,各组支持细胞数量及VM阳性细胞率、Occludins mRNA和Claudin-11 mRNA表达水平均显著降低。各组大鼠睾丸支持细胞数量与VM阳性细胞率及Occludins mRNA和Claudin-11 mRNA表达水平均成正相关。结论锰可抑制大鼠睾丸支持细胞骨架蛋白及紧密连接相关蛋白表达,产生生殖毒性效应。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.