胰腺及肾上腺闭合性损伤的CT诊断

目的:探讨腹部闭合性外伤所致胰腺及肾上腺损伤的CT表现特征,评价CT的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析23例经手术或随访证实的闭合性腹部外伤致胰腺及肾上腺损伤的临床与CT检查资料。结果:胰腺损伤19例,其中颈体部断裂11例,体尾交界部、胰头胰体部分断裂各3例,胰腺挫伤2例,主要表现为胰腺血肿,胰腺裂隙样或条状低密度影及外伤性胰腺炎改变。肾上腺损伤4例,均位于右侧,主要CT表现肾上腺区血肿,脂肪间隙模糊,其内可见条状高密度影。合并多脏器损伤8例。结论:CT能较准确的反映胰腺及肾上腺的损伤病理解剖改变,特别是胰腺断裂等重症患者,为临床制定治疗方案和疗效观察提供可靠的依据。     

胰腺闭合性损伤的CT分析

腹部闭合性损伤中，胰腺损伤少见，因其为腹膜后脏器，临床表现常不典型或延迟出现。本文共收集18例胰腺闭合性损伤，就其CT表现做回顾性分析，旨在提高CT对胰腺闭合性损伤的诊断价值，以避免和减少漏误诊。     

64层螺旋CT在肾上腺钝性损伤中的应用价值

目的探讨螺旋CT在肾上腺钝性损伤中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析经临床随访证实的20例肾上腺钝性损伤患者的CT表现。结果右侧肾上腺损伤16例,左侧4例,形成血肿10例,血肿表现为类圆形或梭形肿块影;肾上腺挫伤14例,表现为肾上腺局限性或弥漫性增粗、肿胀。增强扫描病灶无强化或边缘强化是本病的特点。结论肾上腺钝性损伤CT具有特征性改变,动态随访及增强扫描有助于肾上腺钝性损伤的定性诊断。     

肾上腺损伤的CT诊断(附12例报告)

目的 :探讨肾上腺损伤的CT表现 ,评价CT检查的应用价值。方法 :回顾性分析 11例经CT复查证实、1例经手术证实的车祸伤患者肾上腺损伤CT扫描资料。结果 :外伤后 1h～ 7d内CT扫描 ,显示肾上腺血肿 12例 ,其中右侧 10例、左侧 2例 ,CT表现为肾上腺区域圆形、类圆形影 ,CT值 5 0～ 75HU ,密度均匀或混杂 ,直径 2～ 4cm ,边缘清楚或模糊 ;肾上腺周围组织损伤 9例 ,其中 5例为肾上腺周围脂肪内条纹状、斑片状高密度模糊出血影 ,4例为膈肌脚局限性增厚、密度增高。本组中 11例在外伤后 10～ 3 0d内CT复查 ,表现为肾上腺血肿密度从边缘开始缓慢降低 ,肾上腺形态逐渐恢复正常。结论 :CT检查反映了肾上腺损伤的病理解剖改变 ,为临床制定治疗方案和疗效观察提供可靠的依据 ,是诊断肾上腺损伤的主要方法。     

肾上腺损伤的CT诊断

目的：探讨肾上腺损伤的CT表现及其诊断价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析经手术或CT随访证实的9例肾上腺损伤的CT表现。结果：单侧肾上腺损伤7例（右侧6例，左侧1例），双侧肾上腺损伤2例。肾上腺损伤肿胀型2例，表现为肾上腺体积增大，密度增高；肾L腺血肿形成7例。肾周脂肪内出现条纹状出血影6例；膈脚增粗5例；合并其他脏器损伤8例。结论：CT，尤其是多排螺旋CT能准确显示肾上腺损伤的多种病理解剖改变，对肾上腺损伤的诊断具有重要价值。     

肾上腺损伤的CT诊断

目的: 探讨肾上腺损伤的CT表现及其诊断价值.材料和方法: 回顾性分析经手术或CT随访证实的9例肾上腺损伤的CT表现.结果: 单侧肾上腺损伤7例(右侧6例,左侧1例),双侧肾上腺损伤2例.肾上腺损伤肿胀型2例,表现为肾上腺体积增大,密度增高;肾上腺血肿形成7例.肾周脂肪内出现条纹状出血影6例;膈脚增粗5 例;合并其他脏器损伤8例.结论: CT,尤其是多排螺旋CT能准确显示肾上腺损伤的多种病理解剖改变,对肾上腺损伤的诊断具有重要价值.     

外伤性肾上腺出血的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在外伤性肾上腺出血诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析8例外伤性肾上腺出血的MSCT影像表现及随访情况。结果 8例肾上腺出血发生于右侧,均为肿块型。CT表现为类圆形或椭圆形高密度影。复查过程中血肿缩小,密度逐渐减低。结论 MSCT扫描对外伤性肾上腺出血的诊断有重要价值。CT复查及增强扫描有助于肾上腺出血的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

肾上腺损伤的影像诊断

目的 探讨肾上腺损伤的CT与MRI表现,评价其应用价值.方法 回顾性分析25例因腹部外伤经临床或回访证实的肾上腺损伤的CT及MRI检查结果.结果 25例中,右侧损伤19例,左侧3例,双侧3例,共28个病灶.主要CT表现:肾上腺血肿18例,呈圆形或卵圆形肿块,平扫为高密度或混杂密度,增强扫描呈弧形线状强化;肾上腺肿胀4例,表现为受损部肾上腺肿胀,体积增大;肾上腺弥漫性出血3例,表现为肾上腺被出血包埋,正常肾上腺结构消失.伴随征象主要包括伤侧肾上腺周围条纹状出血浸润影,膈肌脚增粗等.MRI表现:血肿早期表现为长T1、短T2信号灶,血肿吸收期呈长T1、长T2信号灶.结论 CT、MRI检查能显示肾上腺损伤的多种病理解剖结构,对肾上腺损伤的诊断具有重要价值.     

胸部闭合性肺实质损伤的影像学表现(附68例报告)

目的 探讨胸部闭合性肺实质损伤的影像学表现.方法 回顾性分析了68例胸部闭合性肺实质损伤患者的影像学资料.结果 胸部闭合性肺实质损伤的影像学表现主要归纳为:①肺挫伤36例,影像学表现为肺纹理增多增粗,伴有斑点状、斑片状密度增高影;大片状密度增高影;磨玻璃样改变;②肺撕裂伤22例,影像学表现为边缘光滑的空洞样团块影;边缘模糊的团片状密度增高影,其内夹杂密度减低区,囊腔内可见气-液平面;③肺血肿10例:表现为圆形或椭圆形团块影,边缘尚清楚,可有分叶,周围略高于中心.肺外表现:血气胸28例、皮下气肿或纵隔气肿15例、单纯性气胸6例.结论 影像学检查是发现、诊断和动态观察胸部闭合性肺实质损伤的最佳方法,典型的肺实质损伤单凭X线平片、CT、外伤史即可诊断,但CT优于X线平片.     

腹膜后肾上腺外副神经节瘤的CT诊断

目的 探讨腹膜后肾上腺外副神经节瘤(PGL)的CT特点.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的腹膜后肾上腺外PGL 11例,并复习相关文献.所有患者均行腹盆部CT平扫及增强扫描.结果 11例肿瘤均发生于腹膜后大血管周围,其中功能性肿瘤2例,非功能性肿瘤9例;良性肿瘤8例,呈圆形或类圆形,边缘光滑,与周围结构分界清晰,3例恶性肿瘤边缘欠光滑,与周围结构分界不清,其中2例肿瘤侵犯、包绕邻近肾动脉、肾静脉及胰腺.CT平扫肿瘤多呈密度不均匀的软组织肿块,瘤内常可见范围大小不等的坏死、囊变区域(9例),部分肿瘤内合并出血(3例)及钙化(2例);2例较小的肿瘤(平均直径<4 cm)密度均匀.增强扫描肿瘤实性成分呈持续性显著增强,8例肿瘤周围或实性成分内可见迂曲增粗的肿瘤血管.结论 腹膜后肾上腺外PGL的CT表现具有一定特征性,增强CT表现结合临床症状有助于术前准确诊断.     

高场MRI在闭合性脾损伤诊断中的应用价值

 目的 探讨高场1.5T MRI在闭合性脾损伤诊断中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析经病理或随诊证实54例闭合性脾损伤患者的1.5T MRI图像信息,并与首诊CT图像相比较,确定脾内血肿及脾被膜血肿为直接诊断征象,脾内密度或信号不均、体积增大、边缘毛糙、腹腔积血为间接诊断征象,分析比较MRI及CT两种影像方法在发现直接与间接征象个数上的差异性。结果 54例脾损伤中,首诊CT确诊46例,疑似5例,3例漏诊;首诊MRI确诊51例,疑似3例,无漏诊。MRI发现脾内血肿个数高于CT,脾被膜血肿、间接征象的发现个数低于CT,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 MRI脾损伤影像特点具有特征性,在部分隐匿性病例中能够与CT检查互为补充,为临床及时诊治提供重要的参考价值。     

外伤性肾上腺血肿CT诊断

目的：探讨外伤性肾上腺血肿的CT影像学诊断价值方法9例因外伤致肾上腺血肿患，分别于1周、1月内、1月以上至6个月追踪随访CT扫描，进行对比分析。结果：血肿早期即1周内病变平扫呈均匀的圆形或椭圆形稍高密度灶，增强扫描无强化，其中有4例见残留正常肾上腺组织且强化明显，血肿1周以上至1个月，血肿均有不同程度缩小、全部病例血肿密度不均，呈厚环状强化；血肿吸收及囊变期1个月至6个月内，大部血肿显示机化缩小为强化明显的结节状，部分吸收消失，少数囊变。结论：外伤性肾上腺血肿各个时期CT有一定特征性，动态随访扫描可对其诊断与鉴别诊断提供可靠依据。     

闭合性肾损伤142例临床诊治分析

目的:探讨闭合性肾损伤的诊断与治疗方法,以提高临床诊治水平.方法:对2007-01～2011-12收治的142例闭合性肾损伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性总结分析.本组B超检查127例(89.4%),静脉尿路造影(IVU)98例(69.0%),CT检查142例(100%).保守治疗103例(72.5%),手术治疗39例(27.5%).结果:本组平均住院时间(23.7±8.4)d.治愈133例(占93.7%),9例(6.3%)死于多器官损伤合并休克.106例(74.6%)随访2个月～4.6年,定期复查血压、尿常规、肾功能和IVU均正常.结论:B超检查快捷、无创,可作为首选的筛查诊断方法;CT检查是本病准确诊断与选择治疗方案的重要依据.大部分肾损伤可保守治疗,严重者需手术治疗.     

腹部外伤的CT诊断(附387例分析)

目的 :评价 CT检查对腹部外伤的诊断价值。方法 :对 387例腹部外伤病人进行 CT检查并作了回顾性分析。结果 :387例腹部外伤中 CT检出腹部脏器损伤 2 0 7例 (检出率 53.5% )其中脾破裂 1 2 5例 ,肾破裂 38例 ,复合损伤 34例 ,肝破裂 1 0例 ,腹腔积血 1 46例 ,腹膜后血肿 48例 ;腹腔大量积血与脾脏缩小提示实质器官破裂。结论 :CT对腹部外伤的正确诊断和临床治疗可提供重要信息     

44例闭合性肾损伤的诊疗体会

目的总结我院闭合性肾损伤诊疗的临床资料,以改善闭合性肾损伤的诊治效果。方法回顾性分析44例闭合性肾损伤的诊治资料。结果本组44例,右肾损伤20例,左肾损伤21例,双肾损伤3例。44例均行尿液常规分析,其中38例有血尿表现,阳性率86.4%;B超检查34例,其中23例(67.6%)有异常表现;CT检查40例,阳性表现36(90%)。多发伤16例。手术5例(11.4%),非手术39例(88.6%),无死亡病例。其中19例随访12～60个月,尿常规、肾功能、血压正常表现。结论尿液检查、超声检查、CT检查安全无创,并且CT检查准确率高、能兼顾其他脏器损伤程度的判定。CT检查和循环改变表现严重时也有较大的保守治疗的可能性。     

CT of hemodynamically unstable abdominal trauma

This article is an appraisal of the use of CT in the management of patients with unstable abdominal trauma. We examined 41 patients with abdominal trauma using noncontrast dynamic CT. In 17 patients a postcontrast dynamic CT was also carried out. On CT, 25 patients had hemoperitoneum. Thirteen patients had splenic, 12 hepatic, 6 pancreatic, 8 bowel and mesenteric, 12 renal and 2 vascular injuries. Seven patients had retroperitoneal and 2 patients adrenal hematomas. All but five lesions (three renal, one pancreatic, and one splenic) were hypodense when CT was performed earlier than 8 h following the injury. Postcontrast studies (n = 17), revealed 4 splenic, 3 hepatic, 1 pancreatic, 3 renal, and 2 bowel and mesenteric injuries beyond what was found on noncontrast CT. Surgical confirmation (n = 21) was obtained in 81.81 % of splenic, 66.66 % of hepatic, 83.33 % of pancreatic, 100 % of renal, 100 % of retroperitoneal, and 85.71 % of bowel and mesenteric injuries. The majority of false diagnoses was obtained with noncontrast studies. Computed tomography is a remarkable method for evaluation and management of patients with hemodynamically unstable abdominal trauma, but only if it is revealed in the emergency room. Contrast injection, when it could be done, revealed lesions that were not suspected on initial plain scans. Received: 13 March 1997; Revision received: 1 December 1997; Accepted: 6 May 1998     

肾上腺创伤的CT表现

目的 探讨肾上腺损伤(AGT)的CT表现特征.方法 回顾性分析1712例因腹部钝伤行CT检查的患者中AGT患者的CT检查结果.结果 1712例中,共发现AGT 29例(1.7%),右侧损伤23例,左侧3例,双侧3例,共32个病灶.主要CT表现:(1)肾上腺血肿:22例25个病灶,呈孤立立圆形或卵圆形肿块,平扫为高密度或混杂密度,三期动态增强扫描均无强化,肿块周围见推移张开的肾上腺肢体,呈弧形线状明显强化.(2)肾上腺肿胀:4例,表现为受损部肾上腺肢体肿胀,体积增大.(3)肾上腺弥漫性出血:3例,肾上腺被出血包埋,正常肾上腺结构消失.1例伴对比剂外溢,手术证实为肾上腺碎裂伴活动性出血.伴随征象主要包括伤侧肾上腺周围条纹状出血浸润影,膈肌脚增粗等.合并其他胸腹部脏器损伤25例.结论 AGT具有特征性CT表现,采用合理扫描技术并正确认识AGT的CT征象有助于避免漏诊和误诊.     

Angiography of nonneoplastic retroperitoneal masses

Although noninvasive imaging modalities can be used to initially detect retroperitoneal masses, angiography is still desirable for several reasons in those cases in which surgery is contemplated. The latter can forewarn the surgeon as to possible hemorrhagic complications in highly vascular lesions. In some cases it can predict the malignant potential of the lesion. Finally, since these masses may derive blood supply from multiple sources, a vascular “road map” is provided to the surgeon. The angiographic findings of malignant retroperitoneal tumors are well known, but very little has been published dealing with benign nonneoplastic retroperitoneal masses. We have performed angiography in 11 surgically proven nonneoplastic retroperitoneal masses (9 inflammatory lesions, 2 hematomas). Major arterial or renal displacement occurred in 10. The 2 hematomas and 3 inflammatory lesions were totally avascular; 6 of the 9 inflammatory lesions revealed fine neovascularity and 5 of these 6 had an associated capillary blush. Sources of vascular supply included the lumbar, renal capsular, superior mesenteric, and gastroduodenal arteries. Although angiography is helpful in preoperative evaluation of retroperitoneal masses for the aforementioned reasons, it may be difficult or impossible to differentiate benign from malignant lesions based on the angiographic findings alone. Supported in part by USPHS grants HL 20895, GM 18674, and HL 07334     

Adrenal gland hematomas in trauma patients

PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency of detection of trauma-induced adrenal gland hematoma in current practice by using computed tomography (CT) and to correlate presence of adrenal hematoma with quantitative clinical indicators of injury severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The radiology information system and the trauma registry were searched for cases of adrenal hematoma detected at trauma CT during a 54-month period. CT images depicting adrenal masses with the published characteristics of adrenal hematoma were reviewed by readers who were unblinded to the initial interpretations. Injury severity score (ISS), associated injury, and patient outcome data were gleaned from the trauma registry. The control group comprised patients entered in the trauma registry during the study period who did not have a diagnosis of adrenal hematoma. RESULTS: Fifty-four adrenal hematomas were detected in 51 patients: 42 with right-gland, 12 with left-gland, and three with bilateral lesions. The hematomas were round or ovoid and had a mean maximum diameter of 2.8 cm +/- 0.7 (SD) and a mean attenuation of 52 HU +/- 12. Periadrenal stranding was seen with 48 (89%) hematomas. At follow-up CT, 32 of 35 hematomas had resolved or decreased in size and attenuation. One patient with adrenal hematoma had no other intraabdominal injuries. Compared with the 6,757 control patients, the 51 patients with adrenal hematoma had a higher mortality rate (10% vs 4%; P <.001, chi(2) test) and a higher mean ISS (25.2 vs 9.7; P <.01, t test). Adrenal hematoma was found in 24 (0.4%) of 5,665 trauma patients with an ISS of 0-19, as compared with six (5.0%) of 122 patients with an ISS of 40 or higher. CONCLUSION: Adrenal hematoma was detected in 51 (1.9%) of 2,692 trauma patients who underwent CT, or 0.8% of all patients (n = 6,808) entered in the trauma registry. Compared with the other trauma patients, the patients with adrenal hematomas had severe injuries associated with higher mortality.