基于声相关计程仪(ACL)的海底散射模型研究

为了进行声相关计程仪(ACL)仿真研究,结合K irchhoff近似和R ay le igh-R ice近似散射模型,根据ACL垂直发射波束的特点,在掠射角90°附近,利用已发表的海底散射实验数据与APL-UW散射模型及L am bert公式的理论计算结果相比较,基于K irchhoff近似的散射模型与实验数据具有很好的一致性,仿真结果证明,由于不同类型海底沉积物引起的体积散射在上述情况下是可以被忽略的,这将大大简化进行声相关测速仿真研究的海底建模过程。     

声相关海流剖面(ACCP)测量的流速估值方法

声相关海流剖面（ACCP）测量技术对水体回波信号进行空间相关处理来估计流速值，与声学多普勒海流剖面仪（ADCP）相比ACCP的工作频工，更适合深海测流应用，ACCP测量系统对回波信号进行时空相关处理，根据相关函数的位置来估计被测水团的流速值，ACCP从信号中提取流速值要运用参数估计技术，本文介绍了采用极大似然法和最小二乘法进行流速参数的处理方法，给出一些典型流速情形的数值计算结果。     

An acoustic method for the remote measurement of seagrass metrics

Seagrass meadows are ecosystems of great ecological and economical value and their monitoring is an important task within coastal environmental management. In this paper, an acoustic mapping technique is presented using a profiling sonar. The method has been applied to three different sites with meadows of Zostera marina, Zostera noltii and Posidonia oceanica respectively, with the aim to test the method’s applicability.     

曹妃甸近岸海域网采浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的相关性研究

为了研究浮游植物群落结构特征及与环境因子的相关性,于2014年6月和9月在曹妃甸海域布设了14个调查站位,对该海域浮游植物的群落组成、细胞丰度及群落多样性等基本特征进行了分析,并采用多维尺度分析方法对曹妃甸浮游植物群落结构做区域划分,通过冗余分析(RDA)研究了环境因子对浮游植物群落结构的影响。研究结果表明:曹妃甸海域6月和9月共鉴定出浮游植物3门28属62种,硅藻为主,生态类型以温带近岸广温广盐性种为主。6月浮游植物细胞丰度平均值为111. 31×10~4cells/m~3,主要优势种为中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和柔弱角毛藻(Chaetoceros debilis); 9月浮游植物细胞丰度平均值为163. 01×10~4cells/m~3,主要优势种为中肋骨条藻和细弱圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus subtilis)。站位聚类分析和多维尺度分析表明,曹妃甸浮游植物种类地区划分主要分为3个区域,分别为填海东侧和西侧海域、曹妃甸填海区附近海域以及曹妃甸中部远离填海区域,且6月和9月浮游植物群落组成差异不显著(R=-0. 997,p=0. 998,n=14)。RDA结果显示6月的盐度、溶解氧(C_(DO))、温度(T)和pH值及9月的C_(DO)、活性磷酸盐(C_(PO_4~(3-)-P))、无机氮浓度(C_(DIN))和T是依次影响各自月份浮游植物群落的主要环境因子。     

海山富钴结壳的圈矿方法

对海山富钴结壳的圈矿方法进行了分析和探讨,指出海山富钴结壳圈矿的主要方法和步骤为:(1)挑选富钴结壳发育良好的海山。除大片连续厚层板状分布的结壳发育良好的大型平顶海山是重点调查的目标海山外,规模较小的尖顶海山是近年来新的圈矿目标海山。(2)确定矿块的边界位置。对选定的海山进行深海摄像、电视抓斗、拖网和浅钻等多种手段的调查,通过所取得的综合结果对矿块边界进行判断,确定准确的矿块边界。(3)计算结壳的覆盖率。利用调查所获得的矿块相关的数据和信息对矿块内结壳厚度和结壳覆盖率以及矿区资源量进行评估。     

Evaluation method for Green jack-up drilling platform design scheme based on improved grey correlation analysis

This paper presents an evaluation method for green jack-up drilling platform(GJDP) design scheme based on the improved grey correlation analysis(IGCA). Under the situation of the low-carbon economy it is important and complicated for jack-up drilling platform design to select the optimum design scheme from the feasible schemes. In this paper, the evaluation index system for GJDP has been proposed which includes 3 factors: advanced technology, economic feasibility and environmental coordination, as well as 13 sub-indices. At the same time, a multi-objective combinatorial optimization model is established by using IGCA, in which the analysis hierarchy process (AHP) is used to obtain the weight values of the indices. The IGCA method is fully considered the connection of the indices reflecting the objective true nature of the things, and the subjective interest of the platform owner and the needs of the designer. This research can not only conduct to green design of jack-up drilling platform, but also can contribute to the development, popularization and application of low-carbon technology on offshore platform. Finally, the case study results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed evaluation method.     

A seismic design method for subsea pipelines against earthquake fault movement

As there are no specific guidelines on design of subsea pipelines crossing active seismic faults, methods for land buried pipelines have been applied to. Taking the large seismic fault movement into account, this paper proposes improved methods for seismic designs of subsea pipelines by comprehensively investigating the real constraining of soil on the pipelines, the interaction processes of soil with the pipeline, the plastic slippage of the soil, and the elastic-plastic properties of the pipeline materials. New formulas are given to calculate the length of transition section and its total elongation. These formulas are more reasonable in mechanism, and more practical for seismic design of subsea pipelines crossing active faults.     

半潜平台总体强度评估的谱分析法和设计波法对比

采用谱分析方法对半潜平台进行总体强度评估,验证了谱分析方法的可操作性。利用谱分析法计算平台关键连接部位处的应力水平,并与采用设计波法得到的应力结果进行比较,讨论两种方法之间的相关性。计算表明,谱分析法与设计波法存在一定的相关性,谱分析法的计算结果相对准确可靠,设计波法的计算精度依赖于选取的特征载荷工况,且目前规范推荐的载荷工况不够全面。本研究成果可为类似平台的总体强度分析提供参考。     

基于位移的高桩码头抗震设计动力放大系数计算公式

为更加合理地计算基于位移的高桩码头抗震设计动力放大系数,采用40组地震动记录研究了双向水平地震作用下的码头动力放大系数。研究表明,码头的偏心距和分段长度以及地震波的入射角度对动力放大系数影响较大,地震动强度和近断层效应的影响可近似予以忽略。基于对动力放大系数计算结果的统计分析,提出了相应的计算公式,并确定了动力放大系数的变异系数和概率分布。     

A method for estimating the physical and acoustic properties of the sea bed using chirp sonar data

This paper proposes a method, based on the Biot model, for estimating the physical and acoustic properties of surficial ocean sediments from normal incidence reflection data acquired by a chirp sonar. The inversion method estimates sediment porosity from reflection coefficient measurements and, using the estimated porosity and the measured change in fast wave attenuation with frequency, estimates the permeability of the top sediment layer. The spectral ratio of echoes from the interface at the base of the upper sediment layer and from the sediment-water interface provides a measure of the change in attenuation with frequency. Given the porosity and permeability estimates, the Kozeny-Carman equation provides the mean grain size and the inversion method yields the acoustic properties of top sediment layer. The inversion technique is tested using chirp sonar data collected at the 1999 Sediment Acoustics Experiment (SAX-99) site. Remote estimates of porosity, grain size, and permeability agree with direct measurements of those properties.     

Assessment of acoustic iterative inverse method for bubble sizing to experimental data

Comparative study was carried out for an acoustic iterative inverse method to estimate bubble size distributions in water. Conventional bubble sizing methods consider only sound attenuation for sizing. Choi and Yoon [IEEE, 26(1), 125–130 (2001)] reported an acoustic iterative inverse method, which extracts the sound speed component from the measured sound attenuation. It can more accurately estimate the bubble size distributions in water than do the conventional methods. The estimation results of acoustic iterative inverse method were compared with other experimental data. The experimental data show good agreement with the estimation from the acoustic iterative inverse method. This iterative technique can be utilized for bubble sizing in the ocean.