苏州新区生态工业园建设初探

生态工业园是实施循环经济的三个领域之一，通过对苏州新区现有基础的调查，分析研究了苏州新区生态工业园建设方案。     

基于核心企业视角的虚拟生态工业园构建分析

虚拟生态工业园(VEIP)是一种基于循环经济的新型的大循环生态工业组织形式,是对实体生态工业园的补充和扩展.而核心企业作为VEIP的组建者,是整个园区日常运营的信息指挥中枢,对VEIP的成功运营至关重要.分析了核心企业的内涵和应具备的特质,然后从核心企业的视角出发,给出了核心企业构建VEIP的一般流程,并阐述了核心企业在VEIP构建过程中的主要职能.     

基于松弛变量度量模型的生态工业园低碳发展路径下的环境效率评价

介绍了生态工业园低碳发展的主要途径,然后尝试运用数据包络分析(DEA)法中的基于松弛变量的度量(SBM)模型对合肥高新区、合肥经济开发区、上海金桥、上海莘庄生态工业园低碳发展路径下的环境效率进行评价.并与合肥市其他8个未进行生态工业园建设的非生态工业园的环境效率进行对比.结果表明,从整体来看生态工业园的环境效率高于非生态工业园,评价结果基本与实际情况相符,说明采用SBM模型进行生态工业园低碳发展路径下的环境效率评价是可行的,但是由于选取的决策单位数量有限,导致个别结果不符合实际情况;各工业园技术效率差别较大,生态工业园中只有上海金桥生态工业园的平均技术效率达到1.000,对比非生态工业园,4个生态工业园并没有明显的规模优势或技术优势,环境效率变化的驱动力各有差异;生态工业园的单位工业增加值CO2排放量与环境效率变化整体呈反向趋势,这与客观事实相符;鉴于SBM模型中对决策单元和投入产出指标数量的要求,无法对较少数量的工业园之间的环境效率进行比较,这是SBM模型的不足之处,还有待进一步深入研究.     

生态全息论对发展循环经济的启示

作者根据生态全息的理论，提出了推行工业生态系统和循环经济的具体步骤。发展循环经济是一个大的系统工程，涉及到经济、环境、社会的各个层面，涉及到国民经济的各个行业和企业，必须进行系统的研究和战略部署，理念不能作为目标，没有政府的支持和企业的积极参与是不行的。     

循环经济在苏州高新区的实践

论述了苏州高新区根据科学发展观的要求，坚定发展循环经济的理念；从企业、企业群和社会三个层面全面开展发展循环经济的实践，建设循环型生态工业园；落实“三个机制”，实施“五大创新”，取得经济与环境的双赢，推动了区域社会、经济与环境的协调发展。     

综合型生态工业园可持续发展策略探析——以郑州高新技术产业开发区为例

生态工业园作为工业生态化的主要载体在全球范围内迅速发展,近年来中国生态工业园的规划建设也取得了较大进展,而生态工业园在初步建成后如何实现其全方位可持续发展却很少被关注.针对中国综合型生态工业园初步建成后所普遍具有的特点,构建了以促进生态工业园内部产品链、固体废弃物代谢链、“产学研”平台、环境管理体系、园内基础设施以及信息共享平台6个子系统协同完善为核心的综合型生态工业园可持续发展方法体系.并以中国典型的内陆综合型高新区生态工业园(郑州高新技术产业开发区生态工业园)为例,应用所构建的方法体系对生态工业园6个子系统现状及其存在问题进行调查分析,从而探析了各个子系统的完善策略及其之间的联系,并在此基础上提出了郑州高新技术产业开发区生态工业园可持续发展整体策略.     

发展循环经济——走新型化工业道路

循环经济是新世纪我国经济发展的方向。作者主要论述了循环经济在实施新型化工业战略中的重要作用及其发展方式和条件。     

生态文明理念与循环经济新发展方式的分析

生态文明理念与循环经济新发展方式,都是人类在反思生态危机的过程中提出的,具有共同的历史背景和时代意义.阐述了生态文明是发展循环经济的指导思想和价值追求,剖析了发展循环经济是落实科学发展观、实现生态文明的基本途径.从本质上看,生态文明与循环经济是一致的,都追求环境保护、经济发展与社会进步的协调统一和可持续发展.     

循环经济及其发展措施

介绍了循环经济的发展过程、基本概念及其3R原则；着重阐述了我国发展循环经济的主要措施，其中包括：循环经济知识和理念的宣传教育，生产和商品流通过程中的过度包装的减少，清洁生产和废弃物资源化等环境无害化技术的开发和产业化，产业结构的调整及生态工业的大力发展；指出了我国发展循环经济的迫切性。     

可持续发展的"零排放"生态城市模式初探

20世纪90年代初,联合国大学提出"零排放"概念,将可持续发展理论进一步深化.本文在研究循环经济、"零排放"农业、"零排放"工业的基础上,对"零排放"概念进行扩展,首次提出"零排放"生态城市模式的构想,这是一种有利于环境、资源与经济协调发展的绿色生活、工作、生产和消费方式.     

建设生态城市促进经济与社会协调发展

经济与生态环境的协调发展是一种理想的社会经济形态,其基本特点是既尊重客观经济规律的作用,又尊重客观自然规律的作用,生态城市的建设就是将二者有机的统一.     

可持续发展战略的生态经济伦理学思考

阐述了可持续发展战略的制定与选择，为生态经济伦理学的形成创造了价值前提；正在兴起的知识经济及其对经济增长方式的认定，为生态经济伦理学的形成提供着经济和观念的双重支持。倡导坚持可持续发展伦理思想，走生态经济发展的道路。     

Economic Development,Rural livelihoods,and Ecological Restoration: Evidence from China

This article uses a case study in Southeast China to demonstrate how the substantial changes in rural livelihoods have been driven by a combination of “pull” forces from external economic development, and “push” forces from local areas, leading to a shift in rural household economic activities: household outmigration and de-population of the countryside, changes in energy consumption, and most importantly, changes in land uses and eventually, ecological restoration. Such dramatic changes are becoming common across the Chinese countryside. It is pointed out that economic development has generally caused a deterioration of the environment at least at the early period of economic growth, but the positive impacts, especially in some ecosystem in rural areas, have become more apparent.     

浅谈工业污水处理厂和接管企业的环保管理

对以工业废水处理为主的工业污水处理厂和接管企业的环保管理提出了建议，有利于工业污水处理厂的健康发展，促进环境保护。     

论生态环境监测

通过对生态环境监测，特别是基层生态环境监测体系、现状、监测内容、实施原则等进行了初步探讨，以推动生态环境监测工作的进展。     

论污染防控与生态保育

近年来,不仅是生态保育,污染防控也越来越呈现出区域性乃至整体性,这是由环境自身运动规律决定的。污染防控和生态保育必须重宏观、重预防、重效率。环境污染加剧生态破坏,使脆弱的生态环境雪上加霜,也使生态问题更加复杂化,但环境污染不是生态环境问题的全部。生态问题必须用生态的办法来解决。违反自然规律的行为必须禁止,让不堪重负的生态系统休养生息。生态保育不仅是解决生态问题的基本出路,也是从深层次上解决污染问题的基本出路。生态保育是生态文明建设的一个重要组成部分。不论是污染防控,还是生态保育,都必须同时遵循自然规律和社会主义市场经济规律,激发市场主体保护环境的内生动因,方能可持续发展。     

Development of Federal Air Standards to Reduce Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from New Industrial Boilers

Federal new source performance standards to control air emissions of sulfur dioxide from new industrial boilers were proposed by EPA on June 19, 1986. These standards would require boiler owners to reduce SO₂ emissions by 90 percent and meet an emission limit of 1.2 lb/MM Btu of heat input for coal-fired boilers and 0.8 lb/MM Btu for oil-fired boilers. In developing these standards, several regulatory options were considered, from standards that could be met by firing low sulfur fuels to standards that would necessitate flue gas treatment. The environmental, economic, and cost impacts of each option were analyzed. National impacts were estimated by a computer model that projects the population of new boilers over the 5-year period following proposal, predicts the compliance strategy that will be used to comply with the particular option (always assuming that the lowest cost method of compliance will be selected), and estimates the resulting emission reductions and costs. Impacts on specific industries and on model boilers were also analyzed. This paper focuses on these analyses and their results. The Agency's conclusions from these analyses, which led to the decision to establish percent reduction standards, are provided, and the proposed SO₂ standards are summarized. The proposed standards also include an emission limit for particulate matter from oil-fired boilers (0.1 lb/MM Btu). However, this article focuses only on the SO₂ standards.     

浅议生态补偿方式

合理、有效的补偿方式，能为环境保护和生态建设提供资金积累，文中对生态补偿的方式作了有益的探索，对如何补偿提供了借鉴。     

Seasonal Variations in Aerosol Composition and Acidity at Shenandoah and Great Smoky Mountains National Parks

The concentration of elements Na through Pb, select ions, and organic carbon from fine (<2.5 µm) particles has been monitored at Shenandoah and Great Smoky Mountains National Parks from 1988 through 1995. The data obtained from 1988 through 1994 show that significant changes in the concentrations of many aerosol constituents occur on a seasonal basis. Particulate sulfate and organic carbon are shown to exhibit substantially higher concentrations during the summer, while sulfur dioxide and nitrate concentrations are highest during the winter.

A method for estimating the degree of neutralization of particulate sulfate is given. This method uses routinely measured aerosol elemental compositions because ammonium ion, the primary neutralizing species for sulfate, is not measured on a routine basis. Application of this method to the selected data set shows that sulfate aerosol is most acidic during summer with an average molar H_s (moles of hydrogen associated with sulfur) to S (moles of sulfur) ratio of approximately 4. This suggests the average sulfate particle during the summer has a molar coon slightly more acidic than ammonium bisulfate (NH₄HSO₄) which has a molar hydrogen to sulfur ratio of 5. Winter H_s to S ratios, however, are approximately 8, suggesting the aerosol is on average fully neutralized ammonium sulfate [(NH₄)₂SO₄].     

扬中市工业固废的污染现状及防治

在调查的基础上，对扬中市2001-2003年全市工业固废的污染状况进行了分析，以便对固废进行综合利用、技术开发，实现环境保护和经济发展的“双赢”。