咸水滴灌下塔里木沙漠公路防护林土壤盐分分布特征分析

对塔里木沙漠公路防护林地进行实地取样分析,研究咸水滴灌条件下土壤盐分变化规律及其离子分布特征。试验采用5个矿化度水平的咸水灌溉处理:29.70(1号井),25.90(2号井),20.99(8号井),16.95(14号井)和5.75 g·L-1(18号井)。试验结果表明:咸水滴灌对土壤盐分含量和离子组成有显著影响,土壤积盐程度随灌溉水矿化度的增大而加剧,土壤盐分组成以Cl-、Na+和SO42-为主;不同盐分离子在土壤剖面上的分布特征不同,Cl-、Na+、Mg2+和SO42-四种离子的分布较一致,在垂直滴头向下方向浓度最低,远离滴头径向浓度逐渐增大,Ca2+和HCO3-在剖面上的分布存在明显的不一致性,在水平方向上远离滴头HCO3-离子浓度向上层聚集,Ca2+则表现为向下层淋溶。研究结果对极端干旱区高矿化度咸水的合理开发利用及防护林的可持续发展具有理论意义和应用价值。     

鄂尔多斯盐沼湿地土壤盐分特征对植物群落的影响

为研究内陆盐沼植物群落的分布对土壤盐分的响应特征,选取鄂尔多斯盐湖盐沼区作为研究区,筛选了肉质耐盐植物群落、苔草植物群落和禾草植物群落3类典型植物群落,开展了土壤含水量、pH、电导率以及Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-、SO42-、CO32-和HCO3-测定,分析了区内典型植物群落对土壤水盐因子的响应规律.探讨...     

冬季结冰灌溉对苏打盐碱土水盐变化的影响

在苏打盐碱土区进行结冰灌溉试验,研究灌溉后盐碱土土壤水分和盐分的分布状况。试验分为淡水结冰灌溉(E)、微咸水结冰灌溉(D)、微咸水结冰灌溉+100%GR(石膏需求量)磷石膏(A),微咸水结冰灌溉+50%GR磷石膏(B),以及对照(CK),5个处理。灌溉水量为180 mm。试验结果表明灌溉融水增加了土壤耕层的含水量,为春播抗旱起到了重要作用。同时灌溉融水使土壤耕层主要离子Na+、Cl-、CO32-、HCO3-明显降低,使土壤耕层的盐碱化程度得到改善。不同处理方式之间比较,微咸水结冰灌溉洗盐效果和盐碱化改良效果明显好于淡水结冰灌溉,微咸水+磷石膏淋洗和改良效果好于微咸水结冰灌溉,且随着磷石膏施用量的增多,洗盐和改良效果更好。     

基于CCA方法的于田绿洲土壤盐分特征研究

采用常规统计学和典范对应分析法,分析于田绿洲2012年春季土壤剖面(0~10、10~20、20~40、40~60、60~80、80~100cm)的含盐量、电导率、pH值、矿化度、七大盐分离子的空间分布特征。结果表明:春季土壤含盐量、电导率、pH值和矿化度都随着土壤深度的增加而逐渐减小,土壤中Na+和Cl-在各土层占有主要优势,随着土壤深度的增加,各个盐分指标变异系数减小,土壤介质趋于均匀,性质趋于稳定;利用典范对应分析方法发现各个土层中Na+、Cl-、Ca2+、K+始终保持较好的相关性,且主要呈现正相关关系。     

塔里木河下游地区滴灌沙枣防护林地土壤盐分分布特征

为了研究不同滴灌措施对极端干旱区防护林土壤盐分的淋洗作用,以沙枣（Elaeagnus angustifolia）防护林作为研究对象,对塔里木河下游喀拉米吉绿洲沙枣防护林开展了灌溉与不灌溉、不同滴头距离、不同滴灌年限处理的试验。结果表明：①不灌溉林地土壤盐分含量与流动沙丘相似,流动沙丘土壤盐分分布的空间异质性大于不灌溉林地。滴灌林地土壤含盐量低于不灌溉林地。②1.5 m滴头距离处理与其他处理相比压盐碱效果显著（P<0.01）。1.5 m与3 m滴头距离处理在50 cm土体中含盐量差异达极显著水平（P<0.01）,前者比流动沙丘低30.5%～32.7%、后者比流动沙丘高17.1%～13.3%。与3 m滴头距离处理相比,1.5 m滴头距离处理产生水盐运移的“互作”影响,盐峰下移。③滴灌后的第1、2、3年,林地的土壤盐分分别下降至30 cm、50 cm和70 cm以下,基本对沙枣根系生长没有影响。随着滴灌次数增加,根系生物量逐渐增大,根系附近土壤盐分逐渐减少。滴灌能使防护林的根系分布上移,大部分在10～65 cm土层内,土层越深,林木的根系越少。④灌水季节末期,不同林龄的防护林在120 cm土体的含盐量表现为：1 a林＞2 a林＞6 a林,说明滴灌对林龄大的防护林淋洗效果更为明显;非灌溉季节里,防护林的林龄越大,其土壤盐分表聚现象越明显。     

塔里木河上游绿洲土壤表层盐分特征

土壤盐分空间分布特征及其离子组分关系是了解水盐运移规律的关键,可为提出因地制宜的盐渍土改良措施提供科学参考。在土壤聚盐高峰期,采集了塔里木河上游阿拉尔垦区64个样点的表层（0～20 cm）土样,进行盐分指标测定,并采用地统计学和灰关联分析方法研究了土壤盐分的空间分布格局及土壤盐分组成离子对盐分和pH的影响。结果表明：（1）样区土壤含盐量和碱化程度较高,土壤pH具弱变异性,电导率、总盐量和大部分离子含量均具强变异性。（2）电导率、总盐量和大部分离子含量较其他指标的空间变异程度大,结构复杂程度较高。（3）土壤总盐、电导率、Cl-、SO2-4、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+和K+分布趋势较为一致,由西北向东南方向递减,在老农区和原生荒漠地含量较高;土壤pH分布表现为从北向东南方向增加;HCO-3在土壤中含量最低,空间分布规律不明显。（4）对盐分指标间的灰关联度分析表明,对研究区盐分指标影响最大的是SO2-4、Cl-和Na+。     

新疆巩乃斯河水化学分析

通过对伊犁河支流巩乃斯河河水取样分析,结果表明:巩乃斯河河水阴离子中HCO3-占优势,阳离子中Ca2+占主要地位。主要离子含量表现为阴离子HCO3-C l-SO42-;阳离子Ca2+Na++K+Mg2+。巩乃斯河河水均属于HCO3-C l-Ca-Na型水。河水pH为7.56~8.01;矿化度为80~155 mg/L;总硬度为0.620~1.446 mmol/L;河水总碱度为0.778~1.676 mmol/L。另外,对离子浓度的空间变化及离子的来源分析研究表明,巩乃斯河流域的地形,地貌及气候的差异决定了河水主要离子浓度、pH和矿化度自河流上游至下游,基本呈现先逐步降低后显著升高的趋势;巩乃斯河河水主要离子来源于河水对基岩的溶滤作用,同时钠长石斑岩及人类活动所产生的物质也是主要离子的来源之一。     

夏季玉龙雪山及丽江盆地水体主要无机离子特征

为探究玉龙雪山地区地-气-水-人之间的相互作用机理,于2005年7月22-28日在云南省丽江市玉龙雪山地区采集不同水体样品,在探讨不同水体水文联系的基础上,对该区域不同水体的无机离子浓度和特征进行了分析。结果表明玉龙雪山地区不同水体无机离子浓度存在较为明显的差距,无机离子浓度较大的是低海拔地区的湖水和地下水,浓度较小的是冰舌融水和融水径流;水体主要无机离子是HCO3-,Ca2＋,Mg2＋,SO42-,Na＋,K＋,Cl-,其中Ca2＋占整个阳离子的53.27%,是最大优势阳离子,阴离子中HCO3-是优势阴离子,占阴离子总量的70.35%左右,优势离子与非优势离子之间浓度差距较大。海拔4270 m以上,受局地岩石岩性的影响无机离子浓度较高;海拔42703180 m,由于新鲜融水未充分溶解基岩的离子和水体本身的沉积作用,离子浓度较低;海拔30462400 m,水岩作用导致水体HCO3-,Mg2＋,Ca2＋,K＋,Na＋浓度较高,季风输送和近源人类活动导致NO3-、SO42-,K＋浓度也较高;相关性分析表明阳离子的来源、存在方式和反应机理的相似性比阴离子强;SO42-对区域水岩反应有较强的加速作用;Mg2＋和Ca2＋同源。     

盐生植物长叶红砂泌盐特性的研究

长叶红砂（Reaumuria trigyna Maxim.）为东阿拉善-西鄂尔多斯种,属我国特有,是古地中海残遗珍稀植物。通过对长叶红砂野外生存环境、泌盐结构以及泌盐特点的研究,结果显示:长叶红砂是一种具有多细胞盐腺的向外泌盐的泌盐盐生植物;长叶红砂植物体内、盐腺分泌物中盐分离子组分与生存土壤的离子组分一致,均含有Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO2-4和Cl-等离子,但含量差异较大,其中土壤中阳离子以Na+或以Na+和Ca2+为主,阴离子以Cl-或SO2-4为主;植物的根、茎、叶中阳离子却以K+为主,且6种离子含量的基本趋势均是:根＜茎＜叶;分泌物中Na+ 、Cl-的含量最高,其次是SO2-4;盐腺的分泌速率表现为:上午的分泌量高于下午,白昼高于夜间,这些结果说明盐腺的分泌选择性与其保持植物体内适当的盐分和养分浓度以适应野生生境有关。     

基于典范对应分析的黄河三角洲滨海盐渍区土壤特征和芦苇湿地恢复研究

选取典型的黄河口滨海盐渍区碱斑裸地、自然演替和人工调控恢复的芦苇湿地为研究对象,采用典范对应分析不同恢复阶段的芦苇群落特征和对应的立地环境条件,探讨了影响芦苇湿地恢复的关键因子。结果表明:恢复过程中土壤中Na+、Cl-、SO42-、Mg2+、Ca2+和K+离子的绝对含量逐渐减少,HCO3-逐渐增加;土壤pH值与可溶性Ca2+含量呈互为增减的关系。全氮、有机质含量随着芦苇正向演替呈逐渐增加的趋势,全磷含量差异较小。环境因子中的土壤含盐量TS、氯硫比(Cl-/SO42-)、钠吸附比(SAR)、K+与样地群落特征第1排序轴呈显著的正相关性,而与水深、恢复时间、pH值、土壤有机质(OM)呈显著的负相关性。植物生长指标中芦苇株高与盐渍化指标TS、Cl-/SO42-、SAR、K+呈显著正相关,与覆盖度、生物量与WD、RS、pH、OM指标呈正相关。确定了盐度、氯硫比、Na+及水深是影响该区芦苇湿地恢复的主要制约因子。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

THE MOST PERFECT EXAMPLE OF AN ALIEN ECOLOGY EVER CONSTRUCTED

Much science-fiction literature is based upon the creation and exploration of alternative environments. Stanley G. Weinbaum's short story, “Parasite Planet,”introduces an unusual environment that may be wrong in the light of recent evidence on Venus but still stimulates the geographical imagination.     

Metals and models: Diagenic modelling in freshwater lacustrine sediments

This review aims to distill and synthesize the existing information on the use of models to describe and predict the distribution and movement of metals in lacustrine sediments. As such it examines the causes of metal diagenesis, the origin and form of the equations that govern these phenomena, and the predictability or measurability of the parameters that appear in the models. The paper concludes by highlighting some seminal results from modelling studies, including the determination of the factors controlling the formation of surficial Mn-Fe-enriched zone or layers, the substantial contribution possible from metal reduction to organic matter regeneration, the calculation of mixing-corrected metal input histories to lakes, and the prediction of growth rates and morphologies for both deep-sea and lacustrine ferromanganese nodules.     

Guidelines to Authors

正1.Aims and scope Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions(SCAR)is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies;focus on the objects of glacier,snow,river,lake,sea ice,permafrost and seasonal frozen ground,and periglacial geomorphology,etc.;and think much of cold regions     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Portable Utopia: Glasgow and the United States 1820–1920. Bernard Aspinwall. Studies in Russian Historical Geography. James H. Bater and R. A. French, eds. Water and Sanitation: Economic and Sociological Perspectives. Peter G. Bourne, ed. Green Politics. Fritjof Capra and Charlene Spretnak. The Southern Cone: Realities of the Authoritarian State. César N. Caviedes. Women in Third World Development. Sue Ellen Charlton. Land Management: New Directions. David Chiddick and Alan Millington, eds. Geography and Ethnic Pluralism. Colin Clarke, David Ley, Ceri Peach, eds. Geomorphological Hazards in Los Angeles. R. U. Cooke. Regional Impacts of United States-Mexico Economic Relations. Alfonso Corona and Lay James Gibson. eds. Patterns of Jobs and Geographic Mobility. Torvald Gerger. Cities and Sickness: Health Care in Urban America. Ann Lennarson Greer and Scott Greer, eds. Neighborhoods: Their Place in Urban Life. Howard W. Hallman. Development and the Rural-Urban Divide. John Harriss and Mick Moore, eds. Patterns of Undocumented Migration: Mexico and the United States. Richard C. Jones, ed. Central Place Theory. Leslie J. King. The Geography of Western Europe: A Socio-economic Survey. Paul L. Knox. Regions and Resources: Strategies for Development. David T. Krisge, Daniel A. Seiver, Oliver S. Goldsmith and Michael J. Scott. Geography of Crowding and Human Response. A Study of Ahmedabad City. K. M. Kulkarni. Haciendo Pueblo. The Development of a Guadalajaran Suburb. Kathleen Logan. The Imperial Lion: Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management in Central Africa. Stewart A. Marks. Water in the Hispanic Southwest: A Social and Legal History, 1550–1850. Michael C. Meyer. Imlil: A Moroccan Mountain Community in Change. James A. Miller. Tourism in Canada: Selected Issues and Options. Peter E. Murphy, ed. David Harvey's Geography. John L. Paterson. Raster Scanning, Processing and Plotting of Cartographic Documents. Donna J. Peuquet and A. Raymond Boyle. The USSR and the Muslim World: Issues in Domestic and Foreign Policy. Yaacov Ro'i, ed. Environmental Perception and Behavior: An Inventory and Prospect. Thomas F. Saarinen, David Seamon, and James L. Sell. Incised channels, Morphology, Dynamics, and Control. Stanley A. Schumm, Michael D. Harvey, and Chester C. Watson. The Gap Between Rich and Poor: Contending Perspectives on the Political Economy of Development. Mitchell A. Seligson, ed. Twentieth-Century Richmond. Planning, Politics and Race. Christopher Silver. Land Conservation and Development: Examples of Land-Use Planning Projects and Programs. F. R. Steiner and H. N. van Lier, eds. Biogeography: Recent Advances and Future Directions. J. A. Taylor, ed. Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. A. A. Velichko, ed. H. E. Wright, Jr. and C. W. Barnosky, eds.