秦岭沉积岩容矿型金矿的控矿条件与找矿方向

秦岭地区沉积岩包括从扬子志台北缘的志留纪裂陷沉积到晚古生代被动大陆边缘断陷－坳陷盆地沉和三叠纪裂陷沉积。现有勘查资料表明,秦岭地区沉积岩容矿型金矿大多集中在泥盆系和三叠系,少量分布地志留系、石炭系和二叠系。地质地球化学研究表明,该区沉积岩容矿金放类型有细碎屑岩容矿的变形变质动热改造型、碎屑岩薄层灰岩容矿的韧性剪切带型、１钠长角砾岩钠长岩容矿的热水喷流型、碎屑岩碳酸盐岩容矿的浅成低温热液型和含碳泥质     

南秦岭造山带安康石梯—旬阳神河早古生代热水沉积盆地构造-沉积相与热水聚矿特征

南秦岭造山带安康石梯—旬阳神河一带早古生代为裂陷沉积盆地区,发育一套深水相“硅、灰、泥”沉积建造,伸展构造体制下形成的裂陷型盆地中,具有典型的深水沉积、火山喷流沉积与热水沉积同盆共存,形成规模巨大独具特色的以重晶石、磁铁矿为主的多金属成矿带.热水沉积成矿盆地构造-沉积相反映了不同的构造变形-岩石组合-地球化学-沉积岩相的多维组合.南秦岭带三级热水沉积盆地发育的构造-沉积相,可初步划分为3种类型:(火山)热水沉积成矿盆地构造-沉积相、深水缺氧环境中裂陷沉积成矿盆地的构造-沉积相、碳酸盐岩台地浅水沉积盆地的构造-沉积相.(火山)热水沉积成矿盆地构造沉积相主要表现为火山沉积、热水沉积、深水化学沉积、热水沉积成矿四位一体.裂陷沉积成矿盆地的构造沉积相主要表现为热水沉积、深水化学沉积、热水沉积成矿三位一体.碳酸盐岩浅水沉积盆地的构造沉积相主要表现为正常浅水沉积、热水沉积、热水沉积成矿三位一体.通过对区内沉积成矿盆地的识别分析,三级构造热水沉积成矿盆地受控于盆地中的同生断裂和火山活动,具有沉积岩相、热水沉积岩组合、火山喷流沉积组合、显著成矿作用及物化探异常分布.三级构造热水沉积成矿盆地是矿床定位的构造空间,四级热水沉积洼地为矿体(矿层)的容纳空间.区内热水沉积岩主要为重晶石(毒重石)岩、硅质岩、磁铁钠长石岩和铁碳酸盐岩类,重晶石、磁铁矿等矿产多产于热水沉积岩中或火山(喷流)沉积岩的上盘.     

秦岭东段金红石矿床成矿构造环境分析

通过对秦岭东段主要金红石矿床赋矿层位地质及地球化学特征的研究及对矿源层形成时的构造环境的分析 ,划分出 4种不同的成矿构造环境。中元古代以来 ,本区地壳处于强烈的陆 洋壳演化分异阶段 ,在北秦岭宽坪小洋盆、桐柏 大别古陆形成了与幔源成因有关的矿源层 ;在杨子地块北缘的被动陆缘拉张海盆形成了与沉积有关的矿源层。晚古生代以来 ,本区处于陆壳演化阶段 ,成矿构造环境为陆缘裂陷海槽环境 ,矿源层的形成与壳源岩浆有关     

秦岭石炭纪古海洋特征及古地理再造

华北、扬子陆块间的秦岭石炭系经沉积、古生物、地球化学等方面研究表明，石炭纪古海洋由北缘浅海陆棚、中央裂陷盆地及南缘浅海陆棚３个部分组成，中央的中秦岭裂陷盆地受两期重大裂陷构造事件控制，盆地内以块体重力流－低密度流沉积为主，具贫氧、低沉积速率特点，反映了半深海略封闭的海盆沉积环境，很可能是扬子陆块北缘的陆缘盆地。     

方城萤石矿带地质特征

方城萤石矿带分布广泛，规模大，已控制储量相当于两个大型矿床。矿床赋存于华北地台南缘活动带（裂陷槽）栾川群和陶湾群地层中。分三个矿带，矿带展布与裂陷槽南缘的碱发现夺带和碳质片岩带有一定的关系，与东西相邻地区构成一个萤石成矿带。     

西秦岭岷县地区二叠纪裂陷带斜坡沉积及其构造意义

秦岭造山带西段，二叠纪裂陷作用非常活跃。位于西秦岭中部的岷县红崖、梅州一带，二叠系以粉碎屑沉积为主，泥质较少。根据对其岩石类型、沉积构造、岩石组合和生物特征的分析，认为这套地层主要形成于海底扇体系的内扇和中扇环境，外扇不发育，系由碎屑流和浊流沉积组成，包括内扇的水道和水下天然堤沉积及中扇的网状水道和朵叶体沉积。这套地层沿中秦岭南缘呈ＮＷＷ－ＳＥＥ方向延伸，代表了二叠纪西秦岭裂谷的存在及其继续裂陷的活动特征。     

秦岭三叠系分带及印支期发展史

秦岭及共邻区的三叠系自北而南可分为四带.北秦岭三叠系具有富含植物化石的陆相上三叠统,其下的优地槽型细碧角斑岩系时代未定.中秦岭下三叠统为复理石夹多层砾状灰岩,后者系斜坡沉积,物源可能来自北方,安尼期为复理石.南秦岭北带在二叠纪晚期已裂陷接受复理石及以砾状灰岩为代表的斜坡沉积.早三叠世至安尼期为深水相黑色板岩、薄层灰岩、复理石并夹火山岩.南秦岭南带及巴顿喀喇从早三叠世至安尼期为扬子地台的一部分,岩相及化百群与之一致,具有发育良好的安尼期陆棚边缘生物滩.从拉丁期开始裂陷．出现鱼鳞蛤页岩、砾状灰岩及巨厚复理石,后者延续至晚三叠世,有放射虫为证.整个中,南秦岭呈现一个由二叠纪晚期开始,延续于印支期的裂陷槽发育史.它的北部—中秦岭和南秦岭北带于二叠纪末及三叠纪初先后裂陷,并于拉丁期褶皱回返.它的南部—南秦岭南带及巴颜喀喇于拉丁期裂陷,并于三叠纪末回返.这个裂陷槽是否构成印支期秦岭的主体,抑或它仅是“北秦岭小洋盆”在扬子大陆边缘的弧后扩张盆地,取决于北秦岭是否存在早、中三叠世优地槽沉积.后者尚未证实.     

西秦岭海西-印支期裂陷活动及其与古特提斯的关系

海西-印支期，西秦岭地区受古特提斯洋的影响在前海西期变质基底之上发育三期裂陷活动（１．泥盆纪；２．石炭纪；３．二叠至三叠纪），造成该区地层展布呈条带状．深水沉积与浅水沉积相间，以及活动型海槽沉积与稳定型浅海沉积相间的格局．是加里东期之后秦岭构造带东西分异的主要原因。     

西秦岭造山带泥盆纪沉积地质学和动力沉积学研究:西秦岭南带泥盆纪裂陷槽盆地、摩天岭地体沉积特征和盆地格局

南秦岭裂陷槽位于中秦岭微板块和摩天岭地体之间．本文根据裂陷槽盆地三河回群和摩天岭地体泥盆系沉积学研究，结合火山作用和生物古地理的研究，探讨该区泥盆纪的盆地格局．三河口群以深水盆地和陆棚沉积为主，内夹拉斑玄武岩和硷性玄武岩，岩石化学和稀土元素的分配型式都反映其处于裂陷槽盆地背景。生物古地理分异也指示型陷槽盆地的存在．摩天岭地体泥盆系为滨岸－陆棚碎屑岩和陆棚－缓坡碳酸盐沉积，其为扬子板块北部大陆边缘的一部分．     

秦岭造山带热水沉积矿石建造特征及意义

根据矿石建造分析原理和秦岭造山带泥盆纪热水沉积盆地特征,将秦岭造山带多金属热水沉积矿石建造划分为秦岭微板块陆缘复合盆地金或金多金属矿石建造和秦岭微板块内裂陷－坳陷盆地铅锌金多金属矿石建造,并据各二级矿石建造内产划分出次级矿石建造。从秦岭造山带大地构造演化角度论述了矿石建造形成的地     

Provenance of middle to late Palaeozoic sediments in the northeastern Colombian Andes: implications for Pangea reconstruction

ABSTRACT

Global-scale Palaeozoic plate tectonic reconstructions have suggested that Laurentia was obliquely approaching against the northwestern margin of Gondwana until the final agglutination of Pangea. In this contribution integrated petrographic analysis, heavy mineral analysis, and tourmaline geochemistry were done, and U–Pb detrital zircon geochronology was obtained, in late Palaeozoic sedimentary and meta-sedimentary units from the Floresta and Santander Massifs in the Eastern Colombian Andes in order to constrain their provenance and related it with the magmatic, sedimentary, and deformational record of the Gondwana–Laurentia convergence until the late Carboniferous to Permian formation of Pangea. Late Devonian to early Carboniferous sandstones from the Floresta Massif changed from sublithoarenites to lithoarenites, tracking the progressive uplift and unroofing of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, with associated volcanic activity. The U–Pb detrital zircon geochronology from the sedimentary and metasedimentary of Floresta and Santander documents Mesoproterozoic and Palaeoproterozoic sources, and younger Ordovician to Silurian age populations, that can be related to the early to middle Palaeozoic plutonic rocks and the Amazon Craton. The limited Silurian to Early Devonian detrital ages that contrast with the more significant Middle to Late Devonian zircons that document the erosion of contemporaneous magmatic sources formed after a late Silurian to Early Devonian reduction on the magmatic activity along the proto-Andean margin. These rocks were apparently deformed and metamorphosed between the late Carboniferous and the early Permian. It is suggested that the filling and deformation record of these rocks documented the changes in plate convergence obliquity at the western margin of Gondwana associated with the migration of Laurentia until its final position in Pangea. Between the late Carboniferous and the early Permian, peri-Gondwanan continental terranes also collided with the continental margin. Over-imposed Mesozoic tectonics have contributed to the final redistribution of these terranes to their current position.

Abbreviations:LA: laser ablation inductively couple mass spectrometer; CL: cathodoluminiscence     

塔里木盆地塔中隆起构造演化与油气关系

笔者结合塔里木盆地形成的构造背景对塔中隆起的主要构造演化过程进行了研究，并具体分析了各构造演化阶段与志留系油气的关系。研究表明，塔中隆起源于早古生代拉张背景下的正断层，寒武-奥陶纪为其烃源岩形成的重要时期；早奥陶世末-晚奥陶世末的构造反转是塔中隆起的主要形成期，同时也为志留系的形成及复合圈闭提供了古地理背景；泥盆纪末塔中鼻状隆起基本定型，古油藏遭受破坏，形成了沥青砂岩；早二叠世晚期的构造变形使古油藏遭受进一步的破坏；二叠纪后构造变动主要以调节为主。伴随整个构造的演化，志留系的油气聚集也是分期次、不同规模的进行。     

Tectonics and geodynamics of the western Central Asian Fold Belt (Kazakhstan Paleozoides)

On the basis of stratigraphical and geological data, paleogeographical and palinspastic reconstructions of the Kazakhstan Paleozoides were done; their multistage geodynamic evolution was considered; their tectonic zoning was proposed. The main stages are described: the initiation of the Cambrian and Ordovician island arcs; the development of the Kazakhstan accretionary–collisional composite continent in the Late Ordovician as a result of continental subduction and the amalgamation of Gondwana blocks with the island arcs (a long granitoid collisional belt also formed in this period); the development of the Devonian and Carboniferous–Permian active margins of the composite continent and its tectonic destruction in the Late Paleozoic.In the Late Ordovician, compensated terrigenous and volcanosedimentary complexes formed within Kazakhstania and developed in the Silurian. The Sakmarian, Tagil, Eastern Urals, and Stepnyak volcanic arcs formed at the boundaries with the Ural, Turkestan, and Junggar–Balkhash Oceans. In the late Silurian, Kazakhstania collided with the island arcs of the Turkestan and Ob'–Zaisan Oceans, with the formation of molasse and granite belts in the northern Tien Shan and Chingiz. This was followed by the development of the Devonian and Carboniferous–Permian active margins of the composite continent and the inland formation of the Early Devonian rift-related volcanosedimentary rocks, Middle–Late Devonian volcanic molasse, Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous rift-related volcanosedimentary rocks, terrigenous–carbonate shelf sediments, and carbonaceous lake–bog sediments, and the Middle–Late Carboniferous clastic rocks of closed basins. In the Permian, plume magmatism took place on the southern margin of the Kazakhstan composite continent. It was simultaneous with the formation of red-colored molasse and the tectonic destruction of the Kazakhstan Paleozoides as a result of a collision between the East European and Kazakhstan–Baikal continents.     

新疆卡拉麦里山变质碎屑岩型金矿地质特征及成矿条件分析

卡拉麦里山是尔准噶尔地区一个重要金成矿带，区内金矿类型较多，以变质碎屑岩型金矿为主．该类型金矿区域上受南部的卡拉麦里深断裂和北部的清水-苏吉泉大断裂控制，志留系、泥盆系和石炭系浅变质碎屑岩为区内主要赋矿地层，并与区内广泛分布的超基性岩有一定成因关系．近二年发现的双泉变质碎屑岩型金矿规模有望达到大型打开了东准噶尔地区的金矿找矿局面，启示该区寻找此类金矿有较大的前景．     

Magnesite deposits and occurrences in the West Carpathians of Czecho-Slovakia

Magnesite occurrences in the West Carpathians, a part of the Alpine Orogenic System, have been known since the second half of the 19th Century. They are hosted by Cambrian, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Lower and Upper Triassic sedimentary units.Economically most important are crystalline magnesite (Veitsch-type) and locally associated talc in the Devonian sequence of the Veporides and in the Caboniferous of the Gemerides (yearly production 2–3 million tonnes).Traditionally, the Slovak magnesite deposits had been interpreted as hydrothermal-metasomatic, related to magmatically-derived fluids. More recently, a sedimentary-diagenetic origin of the magnesite with Mg derived in full or in part from the contemporaneous submarine basaltic volcanism is considered more probable. After deposition and diagenesis, the magnesites and their host rocks were metamorphosed in greenschist (Carboniferous of the Gemerides) to amphibolite (Devonian of the Veporides) facies.     

黑龙江省东部古生代—早中生代的构造演化:火成岩组合与碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学证据

黑龙江省东部松嫩—张广才岭地块与佳木斯地块之间的演化历史以及古亚洲洋构造体系与环太平洋构造体系的叠加与转化一直是地学领域研究的热点问题之一。依据该区古生代—早中生代火成岩的年代学与岩石组合研究,结合碎屑锆石的年代学研究成果,讨论了松嫩—张广才岭地块与佳木斯地块之间的演化历史以及两大构造体系叠加与转化的时间。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明:黑龙江省东部古生代—早中生代岩浆作用可划分成8期:早奥陶世(485Ma)、晚奥陶世(450Ma)、中志留世(425Ma)、中泥盆世(386Ma)、早二叠世(291Ma)、中二叠世(268 Ma)、晚三叠世(201～228 Ma)以及早侏罗世(184 Ma)。早奥陶世—中志留世,岩浆作用主要分布在松嫩—张广才岭地块的东缘,并呈南北向带状展布,主要由闪长岩-英云闪长岩-二长花岗岩组成,显示活动陆缘—碰撞的构造演化历史,揭示松嫩—张广才岭地块与佳木斯地块于中志留世(425Ma)已经拼合在一起,这也得到了早泥盆世地层碎屑锆石年代学的支持。中泥盆世,火山作用分布在佳木斯地块东缘和松嫩—张广才岭地块上,前者为双峰式火山岩组合,后者为A型流纹岩,它们共同揭示该区处于一种碰撞后的伸展环境。早二叠世,佳木斯地块东缘发育一套钙碱性火山岩组合,揭示古亚洲洋俯冲作用的存在,而同期的张广才岭地区则发育一套典型的双峰式火成岩组合,揭示了陆内伸展环境的存在。中二叠世,同碰撞型火山岩分布于佳木斯地块东缘及东南缘,其形成可能与佳木斯地块和兴凯地块的碰撞拼合有关。晚三叠世,张广才岭地区存在的双峰式火山岩和敦—密断裂东南区发育的A型流纹岩均显示陆内的伸展环境,其形成应与古亚洲洋最终闭合后的伸展环境相联系。此外,结合牡丹江断裂两侧均发育中—晚二叠世花岗岩以及佳木斯地块上晚三叠世—早侏罗世岩浆作用的缺失,暗示松嫩—张广才岭地块与佳木斯地块在三叠纪早期沿牡丹江断裂可能存在一次裂解事件。而早—中侏罗世陆缘(东宁—汪清—珲春)钙碱性火山岩和陆内(小兴安岭—张广才岭)双峰式火成岩组合的出现,结合牡丹江断裂两侧"张广才岭群"和"黑龙江群"构造混杂岩的就位,暗示松嫩—张广才岭地块与佳木斯地块在早—中侏罗世再次拼合,这也标志着环太平洋构造体系的开始。     

阿尔及利亚B区块上三叠统高分辨率层序及储层特征

阿尔及利亚B区块位于Oued Mya盆地东部,自奥陶纪以后该盆地多次发生隆升剥蚀,加里东运动造成志留纪和盆纪地层不同程度的缺失。海西期基底隆升,造成石炭纪和二叠纪地层的完全缺失,并在晚三叠世早期开始发育辫状河沉积。B区块晚三叠世沉积具有从早期的辫状河向中期的曲流河和晚期的盐湖演化特点,其过程较为复杂。在晚三叠世早中期发生强烈的火山喷发作用,在研究区内堆积了厚度巨大的火山岩,使研究砂体的时空展布和演化规律变得更为复杂。通过高分辨率层序分析,建立了B区块晚三叠世的等时地层格架,为恢复研究区等时条件下的古地理特征奠定了基础,并明确了层序对储层的控制规律,为该区进一步的油气勘探和开发提供了依据。     

新疆西南天山金矿分布、类型和成矿条件

西南天山是我国重要金和有色金属矿产远景区。金矿点众多,具成带分布特点,主要分布在下古生界以及海西期花岗岩分布区,分岩浆水热、火山水热、沉积－变质（改造）、变质水热、地下热卤水溶滤、风化壳和砂金７种类型,其中最主要的是变质水热型和地下热卤水溶滤型。金成矿条件表明,金矿化具明显的层控性和时控性,主要赋矿层位有元古宇、志留系、泥盆系和石炭系,主成矿期为石炭纪—二叠纪;金成矿作用与岩浆活动有关;金矿在空间分布上明显受区域重大构造—热事件控制,多产于韧剪带、断裂破碎带、节理裂隙带、片理化带、接触带等构造部位。     

新疆阿克塔斯金矿床黑云母花岗岩锆石U-Pb和绢云母39Ar/40Ar测年及地质意义

阿克塔斯金矿床位于新疆阿尔泰造山带南缘,矿体赋存于黑云母花岗岩与中泥盆统北塔山组中性火山岩接触带,矿石类型主要为石英脉型和蚀变岩型。矿区中酸性侵入岩体的岩石类型为二长花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩。近矿的黑云母花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(329.5±1.8)Ma,成岩时代为早石炭世;主成矿期的金-黄铁矿-石英细脉中的绢云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄为(247.7±1.3) Ma、等时线年龄为(245.1±1.4)Ma,成矿时代为早三叠世。研究表明,阿克塔斯金矿成岩与成矿时代相距80 Ma,为碰撞造山和后碰撞造山不同地质作用的产物。该矿床具有造山型金矿的特点,额尔齐斯断裂带的右形剪切走滑作用控制金矿成矿过程。     

Trace elements and characteristics of the sources of clastic material in the Devonian and Carboniferous sedimentary formations of the eastern zones of the Southern Urals

This paper focuses on the characteristics of possible provenances for the Devonian and Carboniferous clastic complexes of the eastern zones of the Southern and, in part, Central Urals on the basis of the investigation of trace- and rare-earth element geochemistry, accounting for petrographic evidence. It was found that the material of basic and silicic volcanics, ultrabasic rocks, and metamorphic complexes influenced the geochemical characteristics of the clastic rocks. It was shown that the main sources of the Devonian clastic material were probably subalkaline volcanic rocks from an ensialic oceanic island arc similar to the Silurian arc of the Central Urals, including displaced ones, and the main sources of the Carboniferous sediments were Devonian island-arc complexes and, in part, continental margin volcanics. An eastern source of material existed probably in the Carboniferous in the southern part of the Eastern Ural megazone. The geochemical features of the sedimentary rocks of the Irendyk Formation (upper Emsian-Eifelian) indicate a differentiated source of clastic material.