铸轧黄铜薄带组织模拟与性能分析

利用ProCAST软件的CAFE模块,研究了工艺参数对铸轧黄铜薄带凝固组织的影响,并通过自制的双辊铸轧机制备了黄铜薄带,分析了黄铜薄带的组织、硬度与力学性能。结果表明,工艺参数通过影响Kiss(凝固点)高度,来影响柱状晶晶粒尺寸与压下率,Kiss点越高,压下率越大,柱状晶生长空间越大,晶粒尺寸越大。通过改变形核参数可获得较大的压下量与细小的凝固组织,提高板带品质;铸轧黄铜薄带的伸长率可达33%,抗拉强度为430MPa,硬度(HV)为140,退火后黄铜薄带的伸长率为55%,抗拉强度为340MPa,硬度(HV)为75。     

Subcritical Spheroidization of Medium-Carbon 50CrV4 Steel

An investigation on subcritical spheroidization anneal of the cold-rolled 50CrV4 steel at 720?°C has been carried out. During spheroidization anneal, the lamellar cementite was gradually broken down and changed to spherical shape. With prolonging of soaking time, the amount of lamellar cementite decreases gradually, and that of the spheroidized cementite particle increases gradually. The relationship of the spheroidization ratio versus soaking time for the steel can be described by a typically sigmoid curve. Additionally, the cold rolling deformation accelerates the breakup of lamellar cementite and the formation of spheroidal cementite particles during spheroidization anneal of the steel. The more severe the deformation is, the more rapidly the spheroidization occurs. From the results of tensile and hardness test, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and hardness decrease and the percentage elongation to failure increases rapidly during the first 2?h of spheroidization. Between 2 and 8 h, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, hardness nearly keep a constant, which are independent of the soaking time, whereas the percentage elongation to failure firstly increases and then decreases with prolonging of soaking time.     

Effect of processing parameters on the earing and mechanical properties of strip cast type 3004 Al alloy

Electrical resistivity, superficial hardness, tensile testing, and quantitative metallography techniques were used in this study. The strip cast type 3004 aluminum alloy received sixteen different thermomechanical treatments before cups were drawn. The top edges of the drawn cups were not flat. Rather there were high points or ears with valleys between them. The homogenization temperature varied form 510 to 621 °C at 24 h. Some samples received an additional 426 °C/24 h homogenization anneal. Most specimens were rolled along the longitudinal direction of the as-cast material, and some were rolled in the transverse direction. Most samples were recrystallized at 454 °C for 24 h in addition to the homogenization treatment. Some were recrystallized for 168 h. All samples were subsequently rolled to 0.33 mm for cup drawing and percent earing determination. The percent earing results of some samples were less than 1.5%, but the mechanical strength was also lowered. The high-temperature recrystallization anneal of 454 °C was the controlling factor in determining the earing and mechanical strength of the final rolled sheet.     

Effect of processing parameters on the earing and mechanical properties of strip cast type 3004 Al alloy

Electrical resistivity, superficial hardness, tensile testing, and quantitative metallography techniques were used in this study. The strip cast type 3004 aluminum alloy received sixteen different thermomechanical treatments before cups were drawn. The top edges of the drawn cups were not flat. Rather, there were high points or ears with valleys between them. The homogenization temperature varied from 510 to 621 °C at 24 h. Some samples received an additional 426 °C/24 h homogenization anneal. Most specimens were rolled along the longitudinal direction of the as-cast material, and some were rolled in the transverse direction. Most samples were recrystallized at 454 °C for 24 h in addition to the homogenization treatment. Some were recrystallized for 168 h. All samples were subsequently rolled to 0.33 mm for cup drawing and percent earing determination. The percent earing results of some samples were less than 1.5%, but the mechanical strength was also lowered. The high-temperature recrystallization anneal of 454 °C was the controlling factor in determining the earing and mechanical strength of the final rolled sheet.     

Effect of casting parameters and deformation on microstructure evolution of twin-roll casting magnesium alloy AZ31

Twin roll casting method is a promising route to directly produce magnesium alloy strip. It is a rapid solidification process with high temperature gradient combined with thermal flow and roiling deformation in the casting region. As-cast strip with proper mierostructure is requested to serve as next rolling feedstock. However the microstructure of as-cast strip is sensitive for casting conditions during the casting process and the as-cast microstructure greatly affects the mechanical properties. In this work, the effect of casting speed, pouring temperature, deformation as well as anneal process on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The results revels that twin-roll casting process can effectively refine the grain size, improve the morphology and distribution states of Mg1TAl12. The homogenization treatment time can be shorted for the fine microstructure and lower the cost dramatically for the next forming process.     

Co基堆焊合金力学性能的磁场控制

将直流纵向磁场引入等离子弧钴基合金堆焊过程中,研究了磁场强度和焊接电流对堆焊层硬度和耐磨性的影响,并对磁场作用机理进行理论研究分析。结果表明:磁场强度应和焊接电流配合使用;适当的外加磁场不仅可以细化堆焊层金属组织的晶粒,而且由磁场产生的电磁搅拌能够提高堆焊层金属的硬度,使堆焊层的耐磨性也显著增强,从而提高堆焊层金属的综合力学性能。     

Age Hardening of AlCrMoNiTi High Entropy Alloy Prepared by Powder Metallurgy

采用粉末冶金工艺制备了AlCrMoNiTi高熵合金,并对其铸态和退火态的微观组织和硬度进行了研究。结果表明,铸态合金由富(Cr,Mo)bcc固溶体枝晶相和富(Al,Ni,Ti)fcc固溶体枝晶间相组成。时效合金在900℃高温可获得最高硬度HV约为6150 MPa,在1000℃发生退火软化现象,但是其硬度HV仍保持在5160 MPa的高硬度水平。这表明,AlCrMoNiTi高熵合金具有优异的高温时效硬化特性。该合金在800℃时的时效硬化特性主要归因于细晶强化,在900℃时则归因于第二相(bcc2)的析出硬化。在1000℃时发生退火软化现象,其原因在于第二相的分解和晶粒粗化。     

紫铜板材连续剪切变形技术

介绍了板材连续剪切变形方法的基本原理及特点。以380℃×40min退火态的T2紫铜板材为研究对象, 板材按C路径6道次的连续剪切变形后,经分析表明:连续剪切变形后的板材的显微组织明显得到细化,并且呈现出剪切流线形态;变形后的板材的抗拉强度由退火态的210MPa提高到330MPa;硬度从65HV1提高到120HV1。     

退火温度对SiCp／2024Al铝基复合材料腐蚀行为的影响

用电化学方法、实验室全浸实验和x射线应力分析技术研究了退火温度对碳化硅颗粒增强2024铝(SiCp／2024Al)基复合材料腐蚀行为的影响，并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了腐蚀前后的微观形貌．结果表明；高温退火条件下材料的腐蚀电位Ecorr和孔蚀电位Epit均有较大程度的负移，但退火温度的不同对SiCp／2024Al基复合材料抗局部腐蚀能力影响不大；退火温度升高，由于富铜相析出增加及热失配造成的微缝隙增多而使材料的腐蚀坑变多、变浅、均匀化程度加深．     

电磁搅拌对堆焊层金属组织及性能的影响

对低碳钢表面进行等离子弧堆焊时外加间歇交变纵向磁场,研究了电磁搅拌对堆焊层金属组织及性能的影响,并利用光学金相、X射线衍射、显微硬度和湿砂橡胶轮磨损试验等手段对试样进行测试分析.研究发现,随着磁场参数的增强,堆焊层中硬质相的数目随之增加,且均匀分布于堆焊层的表面,堆焊层金属的耐磨性也随之增强;当磁场电流为3 A,磁场频率为10Hz时,堆焊层金属的性能达到最佳状态.结果表明,在适当的电磁参数作用下,堆焊层金属才能获得最佳的细化效果;而且电磁搅拌可以控制堆焊层表面中硬质相的形态,使其由长条状和六方块状的混合形态逐渐转变为较规则、均匀的六方块状,从而进一步提高堆焊层金属的硬度和耐磨性.     

X90钢级螺旋缝埋弧焊管的研制结果及分析

介绍了X90钢级管线钢钢带的情况,分析研究了X90钢级螺旋缝埋弧焊管的力学性能,焊接接头的组织形貌、硬度及其分布等.提出了优化钢带合金成分,提高钢带头尾屈服强度、冷却速度,降低卷曲温度,进一步研究试样类型对拉伸试验的影响,制定X90钢级管线管标准等建议.     

冷轧焊接制备Ag/Al双金属材料的扩散和相转变(英文)

通过轧制Al条和Ag条制备Ag/Al双金属条。为使Al和Ag条之间发生冷焊,对表面进行处理并设置不同的轧制压下量。实验表明:发生冷焊的最小临界轧制厚度压下量为70%,相当于轧制形状因子0.1630。对双金属条进行均匀化退火,于400°C保温不同时间。利使用扫描电子显微镜观察Al/Ag界面,研究可能存在的硬脆相。通过EDS分析和线扫描分析退火时间对扩散距离和相转变的影响。在界面上Ag侧观察到一个扩散区,其宽度随退火时间的延长而增加。退火处理3h后在靠近界面处观察到一些δ相,而且随着退火时间的延长,δ相变得更粗、更连续。显微硬度测试表明:尽管通过均匀化退火生成δ相,界面硬度却有所降低。     

磁场控制技术在带极堆焊中的应用

带极堆焊中，为提高生产效率多采用宽带极、大电流，因而容易引起焊道成形不良。结合国内外对焊接过程中磁控技术的研究，探讨了焊接电流感应磁场对带极堆焊的不良影响及磁场控制技术在带极堆焊中的应用。实验表明，通过施加外磁场改变熔池金属流向，可有效抑制事极堆焊中的咬边等焊道成形不良问题的产生。     

SC工艺制备Sm2Co17型永磁材料的金相组织与磁性能

采用SC工艺和通用的熔炼工艺制备了Sm2Co17型永磁材料。对两种工艺所制备的合金金相组织、永磁材料的磁性能进行了研究。另外,也研究了合金时效处理对永磁材料磁性能和取向度的影响。结果表明,SC工艺制备的合金获得了希望的柱状晶结构,但其制备的永磁材料磁性能却明显偏低,取向度只有通用熔炼工艺的74%;时效处理能明显提高SC工艺制备的永磁材料的磁性能,且其磁性能与通用熔炼工艺制备的永磁材料相当。     

金属间化合物结构材料反位缺陷及其对性能的影响

反位缺陷是金属间化合物中的本征点缺陷,它对材料的力学性能、物理性能、化学性能都有重要的影响,在某些情况下成为决定性能的关键结构要素。首先评述了反位缺陷研究理论,基于量子力学的第一性原理方法、EAM法研究结构材料反位缺陷侧重缺陷的物理和化学原理,基于Ginzburg-Landau方程的微观相场法侧重缺陷微结构演化的动态过程。然后,作者通过图解反位缺陷与传输机制之间的关系说明反位缺陷对高温结构材料的积极贡献以及对性能的危害。最后,作者通过评述常见的L12结构和B2结构反位缺陷及第三组元择优占位的研究进展,归纳了结构材料反位缺陷研究存在的问题。     

Equal-Channel Angular Extrusion of a Low-Density High-Entropy Alloy Produced by High-Energy Cryogenic Mechanical Alloying

In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of forming a bulk consolidated, low-density high-entropy alloy, namely AlFeMgTiZn, which shows reasonable mechanical properties and high hardness. The fabrication of the high-entropy alloy from powdered precursors via high-energy mechanical alloying as a function of milling time is presented. In turn, the evolution of the alloy microstructure with postmilling anneal treatment is elucidated. Last, the severe plastic deformation processing methodology, i.e., equal-channel angular extrusion, chosen for consolidation, is described and shown to result in a bulk product with good results.     

A combinatorial thin film sputtering approach for synthesizing and characterizing ternary ZrCuAl metallic glasses

We report a combinatorial sputtering approach for synthesizing ternary metallic glass alloys on both silicon and sapphire substrates. ZrCuAl metallic-glass thin films were co-deposited using a multi-source radio-frequency magnetron-sputtering process. The combinatorial synthesis process yields a wide range of compositions via a single co-sputter deposition process. The compositions of the films were characterized by the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and the structure of the ZrCuAl alloy thin films was investigated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thorough phase analyses indicated the phases present in the films at different compositions were in good agreement with the binary Zr–Cu phase diagram. Nanoindentation results showed that mechanical properties of the bulk-metallic glasses (BMGs) thin film, such as elastic modulus and hardness, are functions of the Zr (or Cu) concentration. The composition with a moderate Zr content (45 atomic percent (at.%)) resulted in a high film modulus and hardness. The post anneal treatment increased the film elastic modulus and hardness. Small additions of aluminum slightly enhanced the film mechanical properties. Using this combinatorial technique could facilitate the development of the new multi-element metallic-glass alloy, particularly for systems with many elements. The first attempt of casting the optimum resultant ternary BMGs rod was successful.     

轴向磁场对电弧离子镀TiN薄膜组织结构及力学性能的影响

为了研究轴向磁场对薄膜结构及力学性能的影响规律,采用电弧离子镀方法在高速钢基体上沉积了TiN薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、轮廓仪和纳米压痕仪考察了外加轴向磁场对薄膜化学成分、组织结构、硬度及弹性模量的影响。结果表明:外加轴向磁场对TiN薄膜的组织结构及力学性能有明显影响。磁场强度越高,薄膜表面颗粒及溅射坑越大,薄膜表面粗糙度增大;薄膜中N含量随着磁场强度增加而增大,而Ti含量则显示出相反的趋势;磁场对薄膜择优取向有明显影响,随着磁场强度增加,薄膜(111)取向增强,而后逐渐转变为(220)择优;薄膜硬度和弹性模量随着磁场强度增加先增加而后降低,在磁场强度为50Gs时分别达到最大值28.4GPa与415.4GPa。     

外加磁场对钴基堆焊合金耐磨性能的影响

对低碳钢表面进行钴基等离子弧堆焊时外加纵向磁场,发现当磁场强度和焊接工艺参数相匹配时,焊缝组织才能获得最佳的细化效果,并着重分析了磁场强度和焊接电流对钴基合金堆焊层硬度和耐磨性的影响.结果表明,引入适当的外加磁场不仅可以细化堆焊层金属组织的晶粒,而且能够改善堆焊层金属的硬度和耐磨性,从而提高堆焊层金属的综合力学性能.     

回火温度对柔性齿轮钢40CrNiMo组织及力学性能的影响

通过预处理(固溶处理)、等温淬火以及不同温度回火等处理方法,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、洛氏硬度计、拉伸试验机、冲击试验机等设备研究了奥氏体化温度对40CrNiMo钢奥氏体晶粒长大速度以及硬度的影响,探索了回火温度对贝氏体/马氏体多相钢微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果显示,预处理期间,奥氏体晶粒随奥氏体化温度的升高首先缓慢增长然后快速长大,然而硬度保持在56 HRC左右。250~500 ℃回火时,大量细小的碳化物析出,微观组织仍然保持原来的板条状,试验钢的强度、硬度降低,塑韧性呈现先降低后升高的趋势;400 ℃回火试样伸长率最低,冲击吸收能量最小,表明400 ℃回火时出现回火脆性;回火温度升高到600 ℃,基体组织发生再结晶,转变为回火索氏体,此时强、硬度最低,冲击吸收能量高达147 J。