Covariance matrix based fast smoothed sparse DOA estimation with partly calibrated array

To solve the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for partly calibrated array, a new gain-phase error matrix estimation scheme and a smoothed sparse signal reconstruction method tailored for the complex-valued covariance matrix are proposed. In the proposed method, DOA estimation is achieved by employing the structure of the covariance matrix for the error matrix estimation and the complex-valued gradient matrix based fast non-convexity data reconstruction. The proposed method has much faster computational speed than other sparse DOA estimation methods with partly calibrated array. In addition, simulation results show that it performs well and is independent of the errors.     

DOA Estimation Using Block Variational Sparse Bayesian Learning

In Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, the real-valued sparse Bayesian algorithm degrades the es-timation performance by decomposing the complex value into real and imaginary components and combining them independently. We directly use complex probability density functions to model the noise and complex-valued sparse direction weights. Based on the Multiple measurement vectors (MMV), block sparse structure for the direction weights is integrated into the variational Bayesian learning to provide accurate source direction estimates. The pro-posed algorithm can be used for arbitrary array geome-tries and does not need the prior information of the in-cident signal number. Simulation results demonstrate the better performance of the proposed method compared with the real-valued sparse Bayesian algorithm, the Orthogo-nal matching pursuit (OMP) and l1 norm based complex-valued methods.     

基于MUSIC算法的L型阵列MIMO雷达降维DOA估计

该文提出一种基于MUSIC算法的L型阵列多输入多输出雷达降维波达方向(DOA)估计算法。该算法首先针对L型阵列导向矢量的结构,构造出一个降维矩阵,将回波信号转换到低维空间。然后利用二次优化方法将2维DOA估计分解为两个1维DOA估计。最后利用MUSIC空间谱估计其中1维角度,并利用求得的角度回代谱函数,对另1维角度进行求根估计。该算法将2维空间谱搜索降为1维搜索,极大地降低了运算复杂度。理论分析和仿真结果验证了该算法的准确性和可行性。     

DOA estimation for monostatic MIMO radar based on unitary root-MUSIC

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is an important issue for monostatic MIMO radar. A DOA estimation method for monostatic MIMO radar based on unitary root-MUSIC is presented in this article. In the presented method, a reduced-dimension matrix is first utilised to transform the high dimension of received signal data into low dimension one. Then, a low-dimension real-value covariance matrix is obtained by forward–backward (FB) averaging and unitary transformation. The DOA of targets can be achieved by unitary root-MUSIC. Due to the FB averaging of received signal data and the eigendecomposition of the real-valued matrix covariance, the proposed method owns better angle estimation performance and lower computational complexity. The simulation results of the proposed method are presented and the performances are investigated and discussed.     

宽带非高斯信号的二维波达方向估计方法

该文提出了一种解决宽带非高斯信号二维波达方向估计的方法。该方法利用相干信号子空间方法把宽带的阵列频域数据四阶累积量聚焦到同一个参考频段下,然后利用基于信号空时特征结构的时空DOA 矩阵方法来进行二维DOA估计。理论上证明该方法在高斯噪声环境下对宽带非高斯信号都具有很好的估计性能,通过计算机仿真也验证了该方法的有效性。     

利用盲源分离算法实现DOA估计

提出一种基于快速盲源分离算法实现波达方向（DOA）估计的方法。构造了具有对角化结构的相关矩阵组,引入解盲源分离问题的联合对角化代价函数,采用一种快速的复数域乘性迭代算法求解代价函数,得到混迭矩阵逆的估计,进而实现DOA估计。与同类算法相比,该算法具有更广的适用性和更精确的DOA估计性能。仿真实验结果验证了算法的快速收敛性和优越的估计性能。     

一种基于修正数据矩阵的广义波达方向矩阵方法

该文提出了一种基于平面阵的相干信号二维DOA估计算法,文中先将平面阵分为3个具有旋转不变性的子阵列,并分别构造了3个子阵列的数据矩阵,结合这3个数据矩阵,构造了两种修正数据矩阵,提高了阵元利用率。然后仿照波达方向矩阵的构造方法,得到了一种广义波达方向矩阵。通过理论分析证明了对该矩阵进行特征分解,就可以获得信号的方向矢量和信号方向元素,从而能够进行相干信号的二维DOA估计,并且避免了谱峰搜索,减少了运算量,仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性和精确性。     

一种新的波达方向和多普勒频率估计算法

基于均匀圆形阵列，提出了一种同时估计空间非相干信号源方位角、仰角和多普勒频率的快速算法。该方法对均匀圆阵的输出信号进行模式空间转换，使得阵列流形具有类似于均匀线阵的形式，然后通过构造相应的数据矩阵得到传播算子的最小二乘（LS）估计，并由传播算子构造出一个特殊的低维矩阵，其特征值给出多普勒频率估计，特征向量舍有阵列流形的信息。结合模式空间阵列流形的性质，给出了一种DOA估计的总体最小二乘算法，在低信噪比条件下可提高测向精度。该方法不需要谱峰搜索和参数配对，具有运算量小的优点。计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

Efficient 2-D DOA estimation for coherent sources with a sparse acoustic vector-sensor array

This paper proposes a computationally efficient two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm based extended-aperture for acoustic coherent signals impinging on a sparse acoustic vector-sensor array. The coherency of incident signals is decorrelated through matrix averaging and the signal/noise subspaces are reconstructed through a linear operation of a matrix formed from the cross-correlations between some sensor data, where the effect of additive noise is eliminated. Consequently, DOAs can be estimated without performing eigen-decomposition (into signal/noise subspaces), and there is no need to evaluate all correlations of the array data. The derived estimates are automatically matched by translating eigenvalues into real-valued ones, furthermore, the proposed method can achieve the unambiguous direction estimates with enhanced accuracy by setting the vector sensors to space much farther apart than a half-wavelength, and it is also suitable for the case of spatially nonuniform noise, which may be more realistic scenario for the sparsely placed sensors. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical examples.     

2-D Direction-of-arrival Estimation of Real-valued Sources

A new method is presented to estimate two-dimensional （2-D） Direction-of-Arrival （DOA） angles of narrowband real-valued signals impinging on a L-shape Arrays（LA）. The basic idea of the proposed method is to increase both the effective aperture size and the number of sensors by employing the conjugate invariance property of real-valued signals. Thus, the proposed method can provide a more precise DOA and detect more signals than the Cross-Correlation Matrix Method （CCMM）. Numerical simulation results are presented to support the theory.     

基于双平行线阵的相干分布源二维DOA估计

针对现有相干分布源二维波达方向(DOA)估计算法存在的一些问题,基于双平行均匀线阵提出了一种相干分布源二维DOA估计新算法。利用旋转不变的思想并结合传播算子法来估计相干分布源的二维中心DOA。无需谱搜索和对样本协方差矩阵做特征分解,和传统算法相比,其计算复杂度更低。此外,还给出了详细的参数配对过程,因而能够应用于多源场合。算法在小角度扩展条件下估计性能良好,其性能甚至接近于一维交替搜索算法。算法还是一种对角分布先验知识盲的估计。仿真结果证实了算法的有效性。     

2-D DOA estimation in case of unknown mutual coupling for multipath signals

In this paper, two dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation problem in case of unknown mutual coupling and multipath signals is investigated for antenna arrays. A new technique is proposed which uses a special array structure consisting of parallel uniform linear array (PULA). PULA structure is complemented with auxiliary antennas in order to have a structured mutual coupling matrix (MCM). MCM has a symmetric banded Toeplitz structure which allows the application of the ESPRIT algorithm for 2-D paired DOA estimation. The advantage of the PULA structure is exploited by dividing it into overlapping linear sub-arrays (triplets) and spatial smoothing is employed to mitigate multipath signals. Closed form expressions are presented for search-free, paired and unambiguous 2-D DOA estimation. Two algorithms PULA-1 and PULA-2 are proposed to effectively solve the problem. Several simulations are done and the accuracy of the proposed solution is shown.     

相干源二维波达方向估计

本文分析了平面阵接收信号的协方差矩阵，发现它可分解为一个广义对称矩阵与一个非广义对称矩阵之和，利用信号协方差矩阵的这一结构特征，重点研究了相干源二维波达方向（DOA）估计．该方法通过构造一个差矩阵，求出其本特征值对应的任一特征向量，利用谱函数估计相干源二维DOA．简要分析了二维DOA估计的分维处理。     

一种解析的基于旋转矩阵估计的波达方向估计方法

本文提出了一种解析的基于旋转矩阵估计的高分辨波达方向估计算法.为了充分利用空时信息以提高算法的估计性能,利用传感器阵列接收数据相关矩阵构建既包含旋转矩阵信息又具有可对角化结构的目标矩阵组.通过一系列矩阵变换,将复数域普通目标矩阵组转化为实数域对称目标矩阵组,以利用ACDC算法实现目标矩阵组的联合对角化并求得对角矩阵,继而求取旋转矩阵并挖掘波达角度信息,实现了波达方向估计.仿真结果表明,与其他现存的经典算法相比,所提算法具有更强的分辨能力及更准确的估计性能.     

基于BPSK和MASK信号源特点的实值ESPRIT算法

在信号源为BPSK和MASK的情况下,提出了一种波达方向（DOA）估计方法。对于等距线阵上的接收数据,此算法根据信号源为实信号的特点,利用欧拉公式形成正弦和余弦数据,并将其加以串联,这相当于将阵元个数加倍,然后在此基础上运用ESPRIT类算法估计波达方向。由于正（余）弦数据为实值数据,所以本文提出的算法可以有效地将运算量减少到相同维数复值运算量的1／4。仿真实验表明新算法不仅估计精度高,而且能够处理的信号个数可大于阵元个数。     

Efficient 2-D DOA and frequency estimation for L-shaped array via RD-PM

This paper addresses the issue of joint two-dimensional direction of arrival (2-D DOA) and frequency estimation via reduced-dimensional propagator method (RD-PM) with L-shaped array. The proposed algorithm has no need for eigenvalue decomposition of the sample covariance matrix and simplifies three-dimensional global spectral search within the three-dimensional propagator method (3-D PM) to one-dimensional local search, which greatly reduces computational complexity. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can work under both uniform and non-uniform L-shaped array and can achieve paired 2-D DOA and frequency estimates automatically. In addition, the 2-D DOA and frequency estimation performance for the proposed method is approximate 3-D PM algorithm and parallel factor (PARAFAC) method but exceeds the estimating signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm and improved PM algorithm. The detailed derivation of Cram´er-Rao bound (CRB) is provided and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach.     

Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation by?Cross-Correlation Matrix Stacking

In this paper, we present a novel scheme to improve the two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation performance for narrowband signals impinging on two orthogonal uniform linear arrays (ULAs). The proposed scheme exploits the cross-correlation matrix information between subarray data to construct a stacking matrix and derive an expanded signal subspace representation through the singular value decomposition (SVD). This method enables the alleviation of the effects of additive noise. In particular, 2-D DOA estimation can be achieved by computing two rotation matrices with the same set of eigenvectors obtained by partitioning the expanded signal subspace. The pair matching procedure for elevation and azimuth angles is implemented by permutation test. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method performs better than the existing techniques in DOA estimation as well as the detection of successful pair matching.     

采用降秩多级维纳滤波器的二维DOA估计快速算法

针对双平行线阵的二维波达方向(DOA)估计问题,为有效降低计算复杂度,提出了一种基于降秩多级维纳滤波器(MSWF)的快速算法。首先利用MSWF的前向递推实现信号子空间的快速估计,无需估计协方差矩阵和特征分解;然后,通过MUSIC算法对方位角和俯仰角的估计进行分维估计,使二维DOA估计退化为两个一维DOA估计问题,且方位角和俯仰角自动配对,进一步降低了运算量。仿真结果表明,该方法的估计精度优于同样基于双平行线阵提出的波达方向矩阵法(DOAM),俯仰角兼并时同样适用,计算复杂度低,适用于实时性要求高的应用背景。     

基于分数阶傅里叶变换的线性 调频信号二维波达方向估计

 本文提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换(Fractional Fourier Transform,FRFT)的多线性调频(Linear Frequency Modulation,LFM)信号二维波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计方法.该方法利用FRFT对LFM信号的能量聚集特性,构造出一种新的分数阶傅里叶域的阵列信号数据模型,并利用MUSIC算法实现对多个LFM信号的二维DOA估计.仿真实验验证了算法的有效性.     

A Fully Complex-Valued Gradient Neural Network for Rapidly Computing Complex-Valued Linear Matrix Equations

This paper concerns online solution of complex-valued linear matrix equations in the complex domain. Differing from the real-valued neural network, which is only designed for solving real-valued linear matrix equations in the real domain, a fully complex-valued Gradient neural network (GNN) is developed for computing complex-valued linear matrix equations. The fully complex-valued GNN model has the merit of reducing the unnecessary complexities in theoretical analysis and realtime computation, as compared to the real-valued neural network. Besides, the convergence analysis of the proposed complex-valued GNN model is presented, and simulation experiments are performed to substantiate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed complex-valued GNN model for online computing the complex-valued linear matrix equations in the complex domain.