铝带坯连续铸轧凝固过程的数值模拟

推导了二维传热的焓式有限元控制方程，开发了准三维有限元计算程序，并用该程序分析了太原铝厂双辊倾式铝带铸轧机在稳定生产条件下，各工艺参数间的关系及提高铸轧机生产能力的途径，本程序具有影响随时输出金属在铸轧区状态的功能，可用于生产过程中的动态跟踪。     

双辊式铸轧变形区速度场的建立

利用流体力学中的流函数法，建立了双辊式铸轧变形区的速度场，为进一步求解铸轧过程的单位压力奠定基础。     

上方侧注式双辊铸轧1050铝薄带的研究

采用上方侧注式双辊铸轧工艺制备了1050铝铸轧薄带,并观察了薄带金相组织。结果表明,1050铸轧薄带表面质量良好;薄带厚度随带坯长度的增加而先增加后趋于稳定。金相组织观察表明,上方侧注式双辊铸轧薄带上辊侧与下辊侧组织存在明显差异。上辊侧为等轴生长的凝固组织,下辊侧为轧制变形组织,且中间存在一条分界线,是由于轧制作用改善冷却条件所产生的。     

双辊铸轧镁合金板坯微观组织特征

利用自行开发的镁合金双辊铸轧设备，通过镁合金铸轧工艺试验，制备出AZ31镁合金铸轧板坯。研究了双辊铸轧镁合金板坯显微组织特征及铸轧温度对板坯微观组织影响规律。结果表明，镁合金双辊铸轧板坯晶粒细小，均匀圆整，显微组织具有快速凝固和半固态组织特征；铸轧温度对板坯显微组织的影响显著，当铸轧温度为685℃时，镁合金铸轧板坯获得理想的显微组织。     

铝材铸轧过程中成型界面传热行为的仿真

在铝材铸轧过程中，材料凝固和冷却所释放的热量都要通过成型界面传导给辊套，并最终由辊套内部的冷却水带走。在分析铸轧过程中传热特点的基础上，建立了传热过程的基本方程与数学模型，并针对3种典型的铸轧工况进行了界面传热行为的仿真研究。结果表明：随着铸轧过程的进行，成型界面的温度差值和热流密度均显著减小，因此，热量传递主要在铸轧区的前半段进行；随着铸轧速度的提高，铸轧区内辊套表面的最高温度不断下降，导致成型界面上的温度差值不断增大，界面热流密度增大并趋于均匀，从而提高了界面的传热能力。     

考虑材料非线性双辊铸轧辊套流热固耦合温度场研究

基于Procast连铸模块材料数据库,提取低碳钢物性参数随铸轧温度不断变化的散点数据进行非线性曲线拟合,并在此基础上考虑铸轧辊旋转、冷却系统、浸入式铸嘴、侧封板传热等影响,建立了辊套、熔池与冷却系统整体三维流热固耦合有限元模型并进行瞬态仿真,得出了双辊铸轧辊套整体温度分布情况及内、外表面的温度变化规律。结果表明,根据前处理方式得到的温度场更加贴合双辊铸轧实际生产情况,为辊套的设计和优化铸轧工艺参数具有一定的参考价值。     

瑞闽铝铸轧公司又订购一台铸轧机

从有关方面获悉，瑞闽铝铸轧有限公司于近期又向涿神有色金属加工专用设备有限公司订购了一台Φ１００３×１８５０mm双辊式铸轧机，将于２００２年７月份交货，其简明技术参数如下：铸轧辊直径１００３mm，铸轧辊辊面宽度１８５０mm，最大铸轧速度２m·min－１，扭矩５２０（单辊）kN·m，带材厚度６mm，带材宽度１６７６mm，最大卷质量１１t，设计生产能力１５～１８kt·a－１。至此，瑞闽铝铸轧公司将拥有５台双辊式铸轧机，成为我国拥有铝带坯铸轧机最多的企业之一。瑞闽铝铸轧公司又订购一台铸轧机@王祝堂     

铝薄带铸轧流热耦合的数值模拟

采用有限元法，用ANSYS软件计算并描述了水平式双辊铸轧铝薄带熔池内液态金属流动与传热的N-S动量方程、能量方程及κ-ε湍流双方程等。分析了不同入口温度对凝固终点位置的影响，以及根据计算出的热流密度推出了铸辊与熔池间的传热规律。此模拟结果可以为控制铸轧过程的稳定提供有效的数据。     

双辊式铝带坯连续铸轧机轧辊技术的进展

简述了双辊式铝带坯连续铸轧工艺,介绍了双辊铸轧机铸轧辊的结构、内冷系统、外冷系统及铜辊套。在此基础上展望了双辊式铝带坯连续铸轧机轧辊技术的难点及发展趋势。     

双辊连续铸轧工艺中流场、温度场和热应力场的数值计算

分析旋转状态铸辊内部传热过程特点的基础上,建立了熔池和铸辊混合区域的整体数学分析模型,并实现了整体模型的耦合求解.计算结果揭示了双辊法连续铸轧过程熔池内流场、凝固温度场及铸辊内温度场、热应力场的特点.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.