岩石力学研究方法的哲学思考

本文用自然辩证法的基本原理,探讨了岩石力学的研究方法,阐述了各种研究方法在岩石力学研究中的地位和局限性.     

用不规则试样测定岩石的力学性质的研究

众所周知,确定岩石的力学性质,是研究矿山压力及岩石破碎等岩石力学问题所不可缺少的工作内容之一。至今,测定岩石的力学性质都是通过规则试样来进行的。例如,在单向压缩试验中,必须通过严格的加工将岩石切制成规则的棱柱形或圆柱形的试样,然后测定这些规则试样的抗压强度、弹性系数以及波松比等力学性质指标。这种严格的加工,包括岩石的切割和打磨,不     

岩石的弹塑性和粘弹塑性应力—应变模型理论

一、引言近三十年来现代化建设迅速发展,例如:在岩石地基上修建三百米的高坝和地下水电站、核电站、地下飞机库以及露天采矿等等,愈来愈多地提出了需要解决的技术问题,因此促进了岩石力学的研究和迅速发展。虽然岩石力学从本世纪五十年代末期已成为一门技术学科,但是对于岩石力学特性的研究,过去只注意将岩石作为松散介质来研究,对于岩石的弹塑性的认识是不够的。此外,对于岩石的流变性和动力特性方面的研究以及地下水作用方面的研究更是不够普遍和深入。     

岩石矿物细胞元模型的精细模拟试验验证

根据岩石矿物细胞元随机性参数赋值方法的基本思想,运用非均质岩石材料精细模拟试验方法,完成了考虑2类不同矿物细胞元构成的非均质岩石精细模型试件的制作,利用非均质岩石模型试件进行了单轴压缩研究,并结合数值模拟相关研究结果进行分析.结果表明,非均质岩石材料的变形特征由其组成矿物细胞元的变形特征决定;非均质岩石模型试件的弹性模量、极限强度等力学参数受矿物细胞元的影响较大;非均质岩石材料的宏观力学参数可用细观力学参数的平均值来表示,验证了运用数值模拟方法进行非均质岩石材料力学特性研究中的相关结论,为利用岩石矿物细胞元随机性参数赋值方法进行岩石材料非均质特性的研究提供了物理试验支撑.     

岩石冻融力学实验及损伤扩展特性

通过红砂岩和页岩两种岩石饱水后的冻融力学实验,系统研究了岩性及冻融循环等对岩石损伤力学特性的影响;充分考虑岩石细观结构的非均匀性,运用宏观唯象损伤力学和非平衡统计的概念和方法,得到了冻融受荷岩石的损伤演化方程;应用推广后的应变等价原理,对不同冻融次数下受荷岩石应力与应变的变化规律,得到统一的损伤扩展本构关系;探讨了岩石...     

基于测井和压裂资料的储层三向地应力求取方法

利用相关测井资料计算储层岩石的动态力学参数,并通过室内岩石力学三轴实验将动态的岩石力学参数转化为水力压裂工程可用的岩石力学静态参数,提出储层三向地应力剖面的计算方法.以义H井为例,计算连续的岩石静态力学参数和地应力剖面.     

岩石动载损伤破坏的研究进展

自从1976年Dougill将损伤力学引入岩石材料的研究中以来,岩石动载损伤破坏的研究已成为岩石力学领域重要研究课题之一,并且在许多行业中应用。概述了岩石动载损伤破坏实验的研究、破坏特性、能量损耗、损伤破坏模型及本构方程的发展,提出了水中爆炸激波对饱和水泥试样冲击损伤的初步研究成果。     

岩石力学中的新预测方法

岩石力学预测是岩石力学中的重要内容。本文对岩石力学预测中的几种新方法:时序分析法、模糊数学方法、灰色理论方法和突变论方法的基本原理、特点及在岩石力学中的应用进行了阐述和讨论,旨在促进岩石力学预测的应用和发展。     

隧道岩石耐磨性与岩石强度的相关性研究

本文用试验和数理统计方法对岩石耐磨性与岩石强度的关系进行了研究,在洞室内分段布点采集岩石耐磨试验样品和岩石力学指标试验样品,并在相应的采集位置进行岩石回弹测试,然后分别进行了岩石力学室内试验和岩石耐磨性试验,在计算分析试验数据的基础上,建立了岩石耐磨性与岩石单轴抗压强度（Ａｂ－δｃ）,岩石耐磨性与岩石回弹值（Ａｂ－Ｒ）之间的数学关系模型。     

人工神经网络在岩石力学中的应用

从岩石力学研究思维方式转变的观点出发，从岩石非线性系统辨识、工程时序预测、反分析及岩石工程系统等四个方面综述了人工神经网络在岩石力学中的应用进展情况，并对其应用情况进行了简要评述。     

岩体力学与工程应用概述

岩体力学是与工程紧密相连的一门学科，它的发展将会推动工程建设的不断深入．本文首先简要介绍了岩体力学的发展情况，然后从学科知识应用于实际的工程的步骤（先建立模型，然后用实验获得相应的数据，最后，借助数值方法得出模型的解答），阐述了当前的进展并付以工程实例和新的理论．最后，对今后的发展方向进行了展望．     

Rock-breaking mechanism and experimental analysis of confined blasting of borehole surrounding rock

The rock-breaking mechanism and effect of confined blasting were analysed by blasting and impact dynamic mechanics, fluid dynamic mechanics, fracture mechanics as well as blasting experiment. The results showed that the fracturing of surrounding rock in confined blasting condition is the result of coaction of rock pre-cracking by shock wave and stress wave and the continuing expanding crackenhancement of confined medium, and the model of crack development of borehole surrounding rock in confined blasting condition was established. This study acquired the damage range of surrounding rock under the action of shock wave and stress wave, as well as the crack development characteristics of surrounding rock after the wedge-in confined medium into the crack space. Deep-hole confined blasting experiment on large rock showed that the high-efficient utilisation of in-hole explosive was achieved and the safety of rock blasting operation was ensured. Safe static rock-breaking under the action of high-efficient explosive blasting was achieved as well as the unification of super dynamic load of explosive blasting and static rock-breaking of water medium.     

Experimental study on the mechanical and failure behaviors of deep rock subjected to true triaxial stress: A review

It has become an inevitable trend of human development to seek resources from the deep underground. However, rock encountered in deep underground engineering is usually in an anisotropic stress state (σ₁>σ>σ₃) due to the influences of geological structures and engineering disturbances. It is therefore essential to study the mechanical, seepage, and dynamic disaster behaviors of deep rock under true triaxial stress to ensure the safe operation of deep rock engineering and the efficient exploitation of deep resources. In recent years, experimental techniques and research on true triaxial rock mechanics have achieved fruitful results that have promoted the rapid development of deep rock mechanics; thus, it is necessary to systematically review and summarize these developments. This work first introduced several typical true triaxial testing apparatus and then reviewed the corresponding research progress on rock deformation, strength, failure mode, brittleness, and energy as well as the 3D volumetric fracturing (dynamic disaster) properties of deep rocks under true triaxial stress. Then, several commonly used true triaxial rock strength criteria and their applicability, the permeability characteristics and mathematical models of deep reservoir rocks, and the disaster-causing processes and mechanisms of disturbed volumetric fracturing (rockburst, compound dynamic disasters) in deep rock engineering were described. This work may provide an essential reference for addressing the true triaxial rock mechanics issues involved in deep rock engineering, especially regarding the stability of surrounding rock at depth, disaster prevention and control, and oil and gas exploitation.     

开挖卸荷条件下边坡的变形分析

岩体工程具有加载和卸荷两种不同的力学状态,在此力学形态各异的情况下,岩体的力学特性有本质区别.岩石边坡开挖为卸荷力学条件,运用加载的力学理论和方法研究卸荷岩体的变形,往往与实际有较大的出入;采用卸荷岩体力学的方法分析边坡的位移变形比较符合实际.     

Constitutive model of rock based on microstructures simulation

The constitutive model of rock can be built by mechanics elements because there are many kinds of damages in rock under varied loads. It is resumed that rock contains many microstructures and a structure of Bingham. The microstructure consists of two embranchments that are the unit of a spring and a gliding slice in series and the unit of a spring and a cementation bar in series, the two units connect each other in parallel. These microstructures are arranged disorderly or in the order of a certain state. A certain distribution of microstructures represents one type of rock. Two kinds of rock＇s constitutive relationship were deduced by using the model. One is the model in which many parallel microstructures and a structure of Bingham connect in series. And it is used to homogeneous rock. The other is the model in which many microstructures and a structure of Bingham connect in series. And it is used to the rock with much crack or microcrack in a certain direction. The two kinds of constitutive relationship were verified by the studied cases. The constitutive model of rock built by using mechanics elements is verified to be reasonable. Moreover, different types of rocks may be described with mechanics elements with different distributions.     

锚杆支护机理及其工程应用

简述了锚杆支护机理,阐明了锚杆的支护作用表现在对围岩应力状态的改变和对围岩力学参数的提高上.推导了具有加固圈圆形隧洞的弹塑性解析解,运用锚杆对圆形隧洞围岩物理力学参数提高的公式,得出了锚杆加固圆形隧洞的加固效应.通过计算验证了锚杆对围岩的加固作用.     

关于粘聚强度的内容及确切定义

粘聚强度C是岩石力学领域极为重要的力学参数 ,然而其定义却长期不统一 .为严肃学术气氛 ,准确表达述语概念及释义 ,首先详细讨论了粘聚强度的内容 ,然后着重由库仑准则着手分析了C的涵义 ,最后给出了C的确切定义为粘聚强度而不是粘聚力 .     

开挖卸荷岩体锚固等效力学参数数值模拟研究

以某水电站溢洪道开挖卸荷边坡系统锚杆锚固岩体为研究对象,考虑开挖卸荷过程的影响,对一定锚固密度的卸荷岩体其锚固等效力学参数特性进行了比较全面的研究.结果表明,对于同一种岩体,如卸荷程度不同则其锚固等效力学参数也就不同,卸荷程度高,则其锚固等效力学参数提高倍数大,反之则小,从而说明系统锚杆对软岩的加固作用比对硬岩的加固作用好.同时认为系统锚杆对边坡锚固等效力学参数的提高非常有限.     

基于红外热成像和光弹性测试的应力分布与变化的定量分析

红外热成像技术是遥感岩石力学的主要研究手段之一 ,光弹性测试技术是有效的力学定量分析手段 ,二者所接收到的信息都与应力分布相关 .将二者结合起来对受力物体进行应力分析 ,寻求两类信息之间的内在联系 ,从而得到受力物体应力场分布与变化的定量关系 ,这对于将红外热成像技术应用于工程应力场测量等有重要的现实意义