不同休息方式对缓解监控作业疲劳的作用研究

为探讨消极休息与积极休息对缓解监控作业疲劳的作用,在分析监控作业特点基础上,利用计算机语言编程模拟监控作业,设计两个主实验分别从主观评价及生理心理指标测量等方面对被试者在采用不同方式休息前后的疲劳指标进行测量,并对数据进行差异性分析。实验数据分析结果表明:日常工作和生活中大家较多采用的消极休息方式能够在有限时间内较好缓解监控作业疲劳,以小强度运动为主的积极休息方式也能够较好地起到缓解监控作业疲劳的效果。但经过同样时间、同样强度的监控作业后,在相同短的休息时间内,采用积极休息方式比采用消极休息方式对于缓解监控作业疲劳更有效。     

"十四五"时期的企业安全文化建设的思考

"十四五"时期是世界百年未有之大变局的加速演进期、全球百年未遇之大疫情的持续影响期.为促进安全文化建设,提升全民安全文化素质,减少事故的发生,本研究提出了坚持党的全面领导、坚持以人为本、坚持创新发展理念、因企制宜及统一性原则作为安全文化建设遵循的原则.根据安全文化建设"球体斜坡力学原理",建立企业安全文化建设模式.结果表明:企业安全文化建设的引力、推动力和内在动力分别是安全管理单元、形象传播和安全文化宣传单元、以人为本和科技创新;支撑力是管理控制单元和安全文化评价单元;下滑力是人的不安全行为、物的不安全状态、环境的不安全因素和管理的缺陷.研究结果可为企业安全文化建设提供智力支持.     

附着式塔式起重机附着间距及悬臂高度的研究

附着式塔式起重机广泛应用于高层建筑施工中,现行塔式起重机设计规范GB 13752—1992并没有对附着式塔式起重机附着间距作出相关规定。运用等效惯性矩法建立了附着式塔式起重机的等效有限元模型,以塔身稳定性和静刚度为约束条件,分析了附着间距对塔式起重机塔身最大悬臂高度及塔身与塔臂连接处水平位移的影响,对施工过程中附着架附着间距及悬臂高度给出合理建议。     

Effects of Neutral Posture on Muscle Tension During Computer Use

This study focused on developing a new approach to seated work positions as conducted on 67 office workers who use a Visual Display Terminal (VDT) as a major function of their working day. Muscle tension was measured by surface electromyography (sEMG) while participants were asked to adopt 4 selected working postures. Pain was measured before and after ergonomic intervention on the Nordic scale, which was modified for this study. Adjustable workstations were used to place participants in desired positions during the clinical testing sessions and the extended intervention period. Results indicate the effects of this ergonomic intervention may have positive effects on muscle tension and pain, significant enough to encourage employers to implement training and workstation modifications following these guidelines.     

Impact of rest-break interventions on the neck and shoulder posture of symptomatic VDU operators during prolonged computer work

There is limited research on the effects of different types of rest-break interventions for visual display unit (VDU) operators on neck and shoulder postures. This study examined the effect of rest-break interventions on the neck and shoulder postures of symptomatic VDU operators during prolonged computer work. Thirty subjects were randomly and equally assigned to breaks with stretching, breaks with dynamic movement and passive breaks. Subjects performed the typing task for 60 min and received 3-min breaks after 20 min of work. The craniovertebral and forward shoulder angles were obtained from a 3D motion analysis system. Results showed that there were no significant differences in the craniovertebral and forward shoulder angles among any types of rest breaks. It can be concluded that the three types of rest-break interventions had positive effects on neck and shoulder posture during prolonged computer terminal work.     

有机高分子絮凝剂对污泥脱水性能的影响研究

通过对城市污水处理厂污泥进行絮凝、污泥比阻和过滤实验,研究聚丙烯酰胺作为絮凝剂对污泥脱水性能的影响。实验结果表明,适当投加絮凝剂可以降低污泥比阻,改善脱水性能。     

不同添加剂对聚氨酯泡沫材料阻燃性能的影响

为研究不同添加剂对聚氨酯泡沫材料阻燃性能的影响,对磷酸、硼酸、杨梅单宁阻燃剂3种添加剂处理后的聚氨酯泡沫材料与标准样分别测定氧指数、热值、烟密度等级和热稳定性,并以层次分析法评价阻燃性能优劣。结果表明:4种材料PUF STD、PUF PA、PUF BA、PUF FR的OI、CV依次分别为34.71%、38.59%、35.88%、37.86%,17.4023、16.7037、15.3197、15.0397kJ/g,燃烧时均少烟,热稳定性排序为:TS PA>TS STD>TS FR>TS BA;采用层次分析法分析3种添加剂对聚氨酯泡沫材料阻燃性能的影响顺序由优到劣为:PUF PA>PUF FR>PUF BA>PUF STD。该结论可为聚氨酯材料阻燃添加剂的选择提供参考方向。     

驾驶中使用手机对驾驶员行为安全绩效影响综述

驾驶中使用手机与交通事故之间存在着高度相关性。为揭示使用手机对驾驶行为安全绩效的影响,探索影响驾驶安全的理论机制,采取更有效的干预措施,结合近10 a来相关研究,综述了与驾驶安全密切相关的驾驶分心问题,主要包括:驾驶员分心的定义及其分类;使用手机对驾驶行为安全绩效的影响,如反应时(RT)、行车速度、路线保持和跟车距离;手机使用对驾驶员分心影响的理论机制,如信息加工理论和计划行为理论(TPB)。分析表明,使用手机会导致驾驶员的反应时延长15%～40%,驾驶路线发生明显偏移,对于行车速度减缓和跟车距离延长的假设需结合驾驶员主客观数据进行比较做进一步验证;驾驶过程中使用手机会增加驾驶员的认知负荷,TPB能够对使用手机行为进行有效的解释和预测,但对该理论中基于信念测量的研究还很少;除手机操作任务,影响驾驶员分心的其他操作任务还需做进一步的研究。     

我国生产安全卫生法律法规体系的特点

2010年底中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成,也包括生产安全卫生法律法规体系的形成。作为中国特色社会主义法律体系组成部分的生产安全卫生法律法规体系必将具有中国特色社会主义的性质;我国处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段,所以生产安全卫生法律法规体系具有社会主义初级阶段的阶段性特征;我国的生产安全卫生法制早经过了革命法制阶段,但还没有完全进入到平衡法制阶段,主体处于管制法制阶段;我国生产安全卫生法调节的是劳动者与业主的劳动安全卫生关系,生产安全卫生法律法规体系属于社会法部门。     

波形电晕线排列形态对放电特性的影响实验与分析

为了明确波形电晕极的放电特性以指导工程设计与应用,在线-板式电除尘器中,实验研究了波形电晕极排列方式对电除尘器伏安特性的影响.试验中主要考虑了2个因素对波形电晕线放电性能的影响,即波形电晕线的偏转角和波形电晕极间距.其波形电晕极的具体布置方式分为:①波形电晕线偏转角分别为0°、45°、90°;②波形电晕极间距分别为14...     

浅议电动葫芦定期检验周期的调整

文章根据某大型企业电动葫芦的使用现状,从设备运行、安全操作、使用成本、安全检测及相关法律法规等角度分析,论证了延长电动葫芦检验周期的可行性和必要性,提出了节约检验机构检测资源、降低企业安全监管成本,提高企业安全管理绩效的新观点。     

以平衡记分卡为中心构建安全绩效管理系统

平衡记分卡作为一种绩效管理工具,已经得到了国外众多企业的认可,在实践中逐渐走向成熟和完善,并取得了较好的效果.目前,我国企业的安全管理已经进入一个新的阶段,正在建立"以人为本"的安全管理新理念.而安全绩效管理是"以人为本"安全管理的重要表现,是安全管理的重要一环.大部分企业的安全绩效管理还没有形成一个系统,极大地限制了安全绩效在企业安全管理中的作用.平衡记分卡应用的范围与我们的安全绩效管理恰恰有着多处的契合点.阐述了如何以平衡记分卡为中心来构建安全绩效管理系统,而且针对平衡记分卡在构建企业安全绩效管理系统时可能遇到的问题,提出了一些应对之策.     

综合管廊内火灾自动报警探测器实验研究

为了能够有效提升综合管廊内火灾自动报警系统的准确性和可靠性,本文采用火灾实体试验的方法,通过对各类型火灾自动报警探测器响应时间的情况进行分析和比较,研究综合管廊电力舱内常用探测器的性能。研究结果表明:接触式缆式线型感温火灾探测器可以较早的探测到电缆温度异常变化的现象,可用于早期预警。点型感烟探测器对烟粒子浓度较为敏感,可用于综合管廊电力舱室的空间探测。分布式光纤型感温火灾探测器对明火温度的变化较为敏感,作为空间型的火灾探测器比较可靠。     

聚合物燃烧放热的通风

本文在小尺寸试件燃烧实验的基础上,着重研究了几种典型聚合物燃烧时放热参数的变化规律及其通风影响,通过实验数据的拟合和分析,揭示了燃烧放热、通风条件和燃料种类之间复杂的关系,给出了由放热参数决定的可燃性区域,得到了一些新的结论,有助于材料放热特性认识和室内火分析的进一步深入。     

甲烷吸附塔模拟装置阻火性能的实验研究

为了研究甲烷变压吸附提纯装置工作过程中的安全性,研制了甲烷吸附塔阻火性能模拟试验装置.通过改变吸附层厚度、空间位置和工作压力,测试点火引爆后的压力和温度,得到了爆炸火焰穿透介质层的规律,并按照各个因素对火焰穿透性能的影响建立了指数评价公式模型,根据该模型可以判断甲烷吸附塔内发生火焰传播的可能性.     

Medical investigation after a motorcoach strikes the rear of a tractor semitrailer parked on the highway; 13 fatal

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the medical conditions of 2 commercial drivers and the effects of physical barriers to occupant egress in a crash involving a tractor trailer and a motorcoach in order to assess and identify the factors that caused the crash and had a significant effect on occupant extrication.

Methods: Physical evidence from the scene, video evidence, commercial driver information, phone records, toxicology findings, autopsy results, and personal medical information were reviewed.

Results: On October 23, 2016, at 5:16 a.m., a motorcoach carrying a driver and 42 passengers struck the rear of a stopped semitrailer occupied by its driver in the center-right lane of Interstate 10 at highway speed outside Palm Springs, California. The motorcoach driver and 12 passengers died; 11 passengers were seriously injured.

All traffic had been stopped on I-10 early that morning to allow electrical lines to be strung over the highway. Security camera footage showed that the truck arrived at the end of a traffic queue 2?min before traffic flow resumed. Physical evidence indicated that the truck’s parking brake was still engaged at the time of the collision about 2?min later. The truck driver had a body mass index (BMI) between 45.6 and 50?kg/m², which placed him at very high risk of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea; he also inaccurately recalled that he had been stopped for 20–25?min and had placed the vehicle in gear just before the collision.

The motorcoach driver was on the return leg of an overnight trip to a casino. Based on his phone records, known driving time, and security camera footage, at the time of the collision he had had 4?h of sleep opportunity in the preceding 35?h. There was no evidence that the motorcoach driver attempted any evasive action before the collision. In addition, postmortem testing revealed a hemoglobin A1C of 11.4%, indicating poorly controlled diabetes; this was apparently undiagnosed prior to the crash.

The motorcoach was equipped with a single loading door at the front of the vehicle; it was rendered inoperable by the collision. Emergency egress was initially carried out through the emergency exit windows, but they repeatedly swung shut, impeding passengers’ efforts to exit. Emergency responders eventually cut open the bus wall to create a larger means of egress. Overall, it took almost 3?h to extricate the occupants from the vehicle.

Conclusions: The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determined that the probable cause of the accident was the truck driver’s falling asleep, most likely due to undiagnosed moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea, and the motorcoach driver’s failure to identify the stopped truck as a hazard requiring evasive action, most likely as the result of fatigue. Additional easy-to-use emergency exits would have decreased the time to extricate the occupants.     

微囊藻毒素对不同生育期水稻生长的影响

灌溉水中的微囊藻毒素不仅会影响作物生长与产量,还可能沿食物链传递而威胁人类健康。以水稻为试材,研究了不同质量浓度(1μg/L、100μg/L、1 000μg/L、3 000μg/L)微囊藻毒素(MCs)对幼苗期和孕穗期水稻生长与成熟期水稻产量的影响,以及MCs在3个生育期水稻中的积累。结果表明:处理7 d后,1μg/L MCs处理对幼苗期水稻生长有一定促进作用,而对孕穗期水稻生长没有影响,高质量浓度MCs(≥100μg/L)抑制幼苗期和孕穗期水稻的生长;胁迫结束且恢复7 d后,100μg/L处理组孕穗期水稻根长、根表面积恢复能力强于幼苗期,株高、叶面积低于幼苗期,而1 000μg/L和3 000μg/L MCs组水稻各指标不仅未恢复,且劣于胁迫期,水稻产量下降92.4%和95.2%。用酶联免疫法检测发现,胁迫后MCs均在水稻体内富集。对于相同质量浓度MCs处理,幼苗期水稻各器官富集能力最大,孕穗期次之,成熟期最小。3 000μg/L MCs处理组的水稻谷粒中MCs质量比达21.2μg/kg,使人体每天摄入MCs的量可能高于世界卫生组织规定的人体每天吸收MCs的上限值。     

尾矿砂绿色混凝土梁受剪性能试验研究

利用不同尾矿砂取代率的混凝土梁斜截面受剪性能进行试验研究,结果表明:尾矿砂绿色混凝土梁与普通混凝土梁的受力破坏形态相似,在相同荷载下,尾矿砂绿色混凝土梁的箍筋应变大于普通混凝土梁,跨中挠度随着剪跨比的增大而增大;从开裂荷载来看,40%替代率的尾矿砂绿色混凝土梁抗裂性能最好,极限承载能力最高。并根据试验结果建立了较为合理的尾矿砂绿色混凝土梁斜截面受剪承载力计算公式。     

脉冲供电对电旋风除尘性能的影响研究

介绍了一种直筒式脉冲电旋风除尘器,研究了供电方式、电压、风速、粉尘浓度及粒径对其除尘效率的影响。结果表明,除尘效率随着脉冲电压的增加而增加,随着入口风速的增加而降低,随着粉尘浓度的增大有所增加,脉冲供电能显著提高电旋风器的分级效率,对于粒径小于2μm的粉尘,分级效率提高了25.7%。