News Audiences Revisited: Theorizing the Link Between Audience Motivations and News Consumption

With a plethora of news outlets today, audiences have more choices than ever. Yet, academic and professional understanding of news audiences from a uses and gratifications perspective remains limited. Using a national survey (N = 1143), this study uncovers distinct news consumption patterns across 4 types of motivations, and predicts media uses across 30 sources with noticeably higher explanatory power as compared to previous uses and gratifications studies, answering the question: Who is using what type of news, and why?     

论知识受众及其合法权益

“知识受众”是在以往“读者”基础上形成的一个新的概念。知识受众本位观是图书馆应当弘扬的现代理念。保护知识受众的合法权益 ,是知识受众本位观在实践中的具体落实 ,也是法律精神在知识活动领域的正当切入     

BBC Sunday Policy and Audience Response 1930-1945

Radio was an important medium for democratic forces struggling to end the Pinochet dictatorship in Chile from 1973 to 1990. Radio stations operated by churches and by political parties and organizations challenged the military's attempts to control information, as did short wave radio broadcasts from abroad. Radio was a key component of a broader alternative communication network that informed, mobilized, and empowered, and whose increasing diversity and daring both reflected and amplified the strength of the democratic movement.     

Reconsidering Reflexivity: Audience Research and Reality Television

Critiques of reality television assume that audiences enjoy watching participants’ humiliation or adopt the reforming injunctions of the shows. This audience research project investigates how people who watch personal makeover shows (The Biggest Loser, Queer Eye for the Straight Guy, Starting Over, and What Not to Wear) use these texts in meaningful ways. Data from 1,800 survey respondents and 130 interviewees demonstrate that audiences use the shows to be self reflexive, while they also are highly reflexive about media production processes. Furthermore, they are reflexive about their participation in research about a disparaged television genre. Audiences’ perception of surveillance and shame in the shows suggest how reflexivity can provide a critical distance from the programs but is not necessarily ideologically freeing.     

公共知识中心与公共知识管理——再论图书馆的本质和定义

图书馆是一个发展中的概念。当前,图书馆的定义有很大局限性。公共知识资源应是图书馆的本质内容;公共知识管理是图书馆的本质职能;知识共享与知识保障是社会对图书馆的本质要求。“公共知识中心”这一概念能更加准确地反映图书馆的本质。图4。参考文献18。     

Research Guides in a Public Policy Environment

This paper describes how the Congressional Research Service modified the pathfinder form for use in a congressional public policy environment. The development and evolution of the CRS Research Guide format is discussed as are format and topic selection considerations. Future developments, which include on-line guides that will have direct links to the Library of Congress SCORPIO system, are outlined.     

Audience Engagement,Reciprocity, and the Pursuit of Community Connectedness in Public Media Journalism

In light of the media industry’s growing focus on audience engagement, this article explores how online and offline forms of engagement unfold within journalism, based on a comparative case study of two American public media newsrooms. This study addresses gaps in the literature by (1) examining what engagement means for public media and (2) applying the concept of reciprocal journalism to evaluate the nature of reciprocity (direct, indirect, or sustained) in the give-and-take between journalists and their communities. Drawing on direct observation and in-depth interviews, this article shows how this emerging focus on engagement is driven by public media journalists’ desire to make their relationship with the public more enduring and mutually beneficial. We find that such journalists privilege offline modes of engagement (e.g., listening sessions and partnerships with local organizations) in hopes of building trust and strengthening ties with their community, more so than digital modes of engagement (e.g., social media) that are more directly tied to news publishing. Moreover, this case study reveals that public media organizations, in and through their engagement efforts, are distinguishing between the communities they cover in their reporting and the audiences they reach with their reporting.     

Toward Ethical Cyberspace Audience Research: Strategies for Using the Internet for Television Audience Studies

This article examines the possibilities for qualitative audience study afforded by the Internet, carefully detailing both the benefits and dangers o f such research. In answer to methodological issues resulting from online communication with subjects, the essay calls for the application o f various feminist and anthropological methodological practices, and considers methodological dilemmas related to perceived privacy, natural data and lurking, informed consent procedures, balancing anonymity, and data accessibility. In the course o f outlining methodological considerations especially salient when finding audiences through Internet spaces, we reflect on our own dilemmas in designing studies that meet the ethical standards of feminist methodology.     

主体知识交互中的会话策略研究

主体间知识交互的过程是一个复杂的过程,需要一个会话策略来规范主体间的交互行为,保证交互的成功。提出一种基于扩充的KQML模拟TCP协议中的握手机制的会话策略实现方法,该方法能够较好地解决主体交互中会话连接、消息的有序可靠传输等问题。     

George Gallup and Ralph Nafziger: Pioneers of Audience Research

In keeping with end-of-century biographies of great leaders, this essay traces the careers of opinion pollster George Gallup and journalism educator Ralph Nafziger. They inadvertently overlapped in 1930, by publishing the first Journalism Quarterly articles on newspaper readers. Gallup became internationally recognized as creator of the Gallup Poll and other media audience enterprises. He invented some standard questions that are used in academic as well as commercial research today, and "a new form of journalism" built around public opinion on current events. Nafziger, as a professor and administrator, built research centers and graduate programs in 2 leading journalism schools. He was central to the establishment of research as an integral component within education for journalism and mass communication.     

情报学进展系列论文之五知识网络、知识链接和知识服务研究

文章阐述了知识网络和知识链接的概念及相互关系,研究了不同类型的知识网络及特点.论文研究了信息资源最为丰富的出版商、图书馆和数据库商三种类型的知识服务模式,它们反映了目前知识链接和知识服务的发展趋势.     

Accessing the Audience Community: How Newspapers Connect with Audience Communities in Finland,Japan, and Korea

The article contributes to the research on media management by approaching the audience as consisting of communities, instead of considering it a mass audience. By developing audience community as a concept in media management and audience research and investigating mainstream newspapers’ perceptions and practices of audience community relations, the study aims to provide a future outlook for the changing community nature of audiences. Newspaper organizations are starting to perceive the audience as a more concrete network of people, and journalistic processes can increasingly consist of generating platforms and practices for communication and communal activities with and among the audience. In the article, these processes are studied empirically by means of a qualitative study carried out in Finnish, Japanese, and Korean newspapers. Interestingly, the findings indicate that audience communities do not, after all, play an important role in the daily practices of the newspapers. The engagement with audience communities in social media is only occasional, intermittent, and by no means systematic. By contrast, interaction with offline communities seems to be more familiar and considered more valuable than connecting with audience communities in social media.     

Audiences,metaphors, and the Persian Gulf war

This paper examines George Bush's Persian Gulf war addresses as a representative anecdote of Bush's campaign to build an international military coalition. The paper argues that in war rhetoric international audiences should be considered. A theorization of the international audience is offered. George Bush's public speeches are then analyzed as they use two metaphoric clusters. The SAVAGE cluster is used to justify a response to Iraq's 1990 invasion of Kuwait. The CIVILIZATION cluster is used to justify an American‐led military response. The metaphoric clusters are shown to be persuasive to the international audience as they are adopted and recirculated by this audience. Conclusions and implications of the interaction of these two metaphoric clusters for future war rhetoric are offered.     

链接分析:知识基础、研究主体、研究热点与前沿综述——基于科学知识图谱的途径

基于Web of Science和中国知网中“链接分析”方面的文献数据,首先简要介绍了国内外链接分析研究的发展趋势,然后融合Citespace Ⅱ、SATI 3.1和Netdraw等文献计量与可视化分析软件构建了:①引文共被引聚类图谱,揭示出国际链接分析研究的起源文献和核心知识基础.②国内外Top100作者形成的科研合作网络,揭示出国内外链接分析领域科研团队的数量和规模情况,以及这些科研团队形成的合作模式.③引用期刊共被引聚类网络,揭示出国际链接分析研究的主要参考期刊.④主要发文国家的科研合作网络,揭示出国际链接分析领域发文量最大的国家是美国,其次是中国,发文量较大国家之间的科研合作较少.⑤国内外全时段链接分析文献关键词的共现知识图谱,识别出国内外链接分析领域的研究热点.⑥国内外分时段链接分析文献关键词的共现知识图谱,通过对比分析不同时段的关键词数据,识别出国内外链接分析研究近5年(2009～ 2013年)的前沿热点主题.     

媒介受众资源的认知、调整与增值

受众资源是传媒从事传播活动的重要社会资源之一,也是传媒产品生产实现其社会价值与市场价值的基本前提。对受众资源的有效管理作为实现传媒各项资源间价值转化的重要环节,主要包括三方面内容:对媒体受众资源的认知,即把握受众的数量、质量,了解媒体受众资源的规模与结构;受众资源的调整,即优化现实受众结构,拓展现有受众的规模,使现实受众与目标受众趋向一致化;通过人际传播等其它传播渠道或开发传媒产品链等形式,发掘受众资源或其它相关媒介资源的潜在价值。     

公共知识空间与图书馆

社会生活空间是由私人空间和公共空间构成的。在公共空间里,公共知识空间有着核心作用。公共知识空间具有独立、开放的性质和正外部效应。图书馆是公共知识空间的一种重要形式,它不仅承担了公共空间的永恒意义和价值,同时也与其他公共知识空间形式,如学校、博物馆等有着不同的特质。图书馆要发展,应解决好两个问题:一是要以提升公众知识理性为己任,二是其发展重心应由“高端”向“低端”转移。参考文献27。