工艺知识管理系统的设计

工艺知识库是ＣＡＰＰ系统的重要组成部分。本文提出了一种分类层次模型以组织和管理工艺知识，并据此建立工艺知识库ＰＰＫＢＳ。用四种形式表达工艺知识，并以外部和内部两种形式表现。提出了工艺知识的冗余、矛盾和句法结构检查方法。     

任务链：知识库组织的一种新方法

提出了任务（Task)的概念，每个任务代表一种知识源，不同的任务可以采用不同知识表示形式及推理策略，一个知识库由一组前向或后向链构成的任务链组成，实现了知识库的结构化，可视化，支持知识部件的重用与共享，并提供了一种知识建模机制。     

面向典型宇航产品的工艺知识库研究

我国航天事业的快速发展对构建面向典型宇航产品的工艺知识库提出了迫切的需求。在对典型宇航产品工艺知识研究的基础上,针对典型宇航产品工艺知识的特点,构建了基础资源类知识、工艺方案类知识和工艺经验类知识表示模型,设计了面向典型宇航产品的工艺知识库,并通过典型宇航产品工艺知识库原型系统验证了知识库的实用性。     

基于本体的机械工艺知识库构建方法

提出一种基于本体技术的机械工艺领域工艺知识库构建方法。首先对机械领域工艺知识进行了定义和分类,然后利用本体技术实现了工艺知识库定义与构建,并通过网络本体语言实现了工艺知识本体库的描述。该方法可以实现工艺知识的规范明确描述,并在一个较高的平台上提供知识重用和系统架构。     

行业信息化知识库系统知识库设计

行业信息化知识库(KBI)有别于一般的知识库和专家系统,所以根据需求,采用了知识本体的知识表示形式,为了更合理的建设知识库,通过对行业信息化知识的行业结构分析,构建了知识模型,并依据知识表示形式以及构建的知识模型,设计了行业信息化知识库系统的知识库.该知识库是针对战略物资行业的,提出了知识库系统的总体结构,把知识库和数据库相结合,进行了知识库结构的逐步设计.     

分布式知识库系统中异质知识库的转换方法

由于知识库的分布性,同一系统中可能存在异质知识库。同时,异质知识库间又需要通信,于是便产生了知识表示形式的转换问题。本文就分布式知识库系统中广泛存在的这一问题,提出了一种基于存储的知识表示转换模型。     

一个基于开放式结构的工艺设计知识库系统

根据工艺设计知识库的开放性要求,提出了一个基于开放式结构的层次化知识库模型。在此基础上构造了工艺设计知识库及其管理系统,并给出了工艺知识的综合表示方法和知识库的维护算法。     

基于四色和专色分色一体化工艺的数字印前系统的设计与实现

数字印前处理通常包括四色和专色分色两种技术。ＴＯＰ是一个集四色和专色分色两种技术为一体的ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ系统,能同时满足纸质印刷和织物印花的实际生产需要,以一体化工艺知识库为核心,设计了一种多层次系统结构;提出基于ＣＭＹＫ的四色分色和基于扫描线空间位置关系的两段法专色分色模型。两种分色技术的工艺统一表示为知识的形式,建成一个一体化工艺知识库。在一体化工艺的约束下对印制对象进行各种处理,以满足不同的需     

工艺设计知识库的建造与维护

文中根据工艺设计知识的特点,构造了层次化的知识表达、组织与知识库模型,分析了工艺知识库不一致的表现形式,并给出了相应的一致性验证算法,提出了基于广义决策表的知识库完备性检查方法。     

面向对象的知识表示与混合专家系统设计

面向对象的知识表示是近些年来才提出的一种知识表示方法，本文探讨了它的基本原理，并利用它来构筑知识库以及实现混合专家系统工具。文中着重讨论了面向对象的知识表示，面向对象的知识库和混合专家系统工具。     

Kave: a tool for knowledge acquisition to support artificial ventilation

A decision support system for artificial ventilation is being developed. One of the fundamental goals for this system is the application of the system when a domain expert is not present. Such a system requires a rich knowledge base. The knowledge acquisition process is often considered to be the bottleneck in acquiring such a complete knowledge base. Since no single available method, for example interviewing domain experts, is sufficient for removing this bottleneck, we have chosen a combination of different methods. The different backgrounds of knowledge engineers and domain experts could cause communication restrictions and difficulties between them, e.g. they might not understand each others knowledge domain and this will affect formulation of the knowledge. To solve this problem we needed a tool which supports both the knowledge engineer and the domain expert already from the initial phase of developing the knowledge base. We have developed a knowledge acquisition system called KAVE to elicit knowledge from domain experts and storing it in the knowledge base. KAVE is based on a domain specific conceptual model which is a result of cooperation between knowledge engineers and domain experts during identification, design and structuring of knowledge for this domain. KAVE includes a patient simulator to help validate knowledge in the knowledge base and a knowledge editor to facilitate refinement and maintenance of the knowledge base.     

An ontology-based knowledge framework for engineering material selection

Engineering material selection intensively depends on domain knowledge. In the face of the large number and wide variety of engineering materials, it is very necessary to research and develop an open, shared, and scalable knowledge framework for implementing domain-oriented and knowledge-based material selection. In this paper, the fundamental concepts and relationships involved in all aspects of material selection are analyzed in detail. A novel ontology-based knowledge framework is presented. The ontology-based Semantic Web technology is introduced into the semantic representation of material selection knowledge. The implicit material selection knowledge is represented as a set of labeled instances and RDF instance graphs in terms of the concept model, which provides a formal approach to organizing the captured material selection knowledge. A knowledge retrieval and reasoning approach integrating ontology concepts, instances, knowledge rules, and semantic queries encoded with Query-enhanced Web Rule Language (SQWRL) is proposed. The presented knowledge framework can provide powerful knowledge services for material selection. Finally, based on this knowledge framework, a case study on constructing a mold material selection knowledge system is provided. This work is a new attempt to build an open and shared knowledge framework for engineering material selection.     

Lp, a logic for representing and reasoning with statistical knowledge

This paper presents a logical formalism for representing and reasoning with statistical knowledge. One of the key features of the formalism is its ability to deal with qualitative statistical information. It is argued that statistical knowledge, especially that of a qualitative nature, is an important component of our world knowledge and that such knowledge is used in many different reasoning tasks. The work is further motivated by the observation that previous formalisms for representing probabilistic information are inadequate for representing statistical knowledge. The representation mechanism takes the form of a logic that is capable of representing a wide variety of statistical knowledge, and that possesses an intuitive formal semantics based on the simple notions of sets of objects and probabilities defined over those sets. Furthermore, a proof theory is developed and is shown to be sound and complete. The formalism offers a perspicuous and powerful representational tool for statistical knowledge, and a proof theory which provides a formal specification for a wide class of deductive inferences. The specification provided by the proof theory subsumes most probabilistic inference procedures previously developed in AI. The formalism also subsumes ordinary first-order logic, offering a smooth integration of logical and statistical knowledge.     

Semantic Web based innovative design knowledge modeling for collaborative design

This paper describes a study about how to use the Semantic Web technologies for innovative design knowledge modeling in a multi-agent distributed design environment. Semantic Web based knowledge modeling for innovative design is proposed as prelude to the meaningful agent communication and knowledge reuse for collaborative work among multidisciplinary organizations. A model for innovative design is proposed at first, based on which a knowledge schema is brought forward. For sharing the design knowledge among an internet-based or distributed work team, even globally, A RDF-based knowledge model is presented to realize its representation on Semantic Web. A Semantic Web based repository for innovative design and its API for topper Semantic Web applications have been also constructed. The proposed knowledge modeling extends traditional product modeling with capabilities of innovative design, knowledge sharing and distributed problem solving, and is employed as a content language within the messages in the proposed multi-agent system architecture. The proposed approach is viewed as a promising knowledge management method that facilitates the implementation of computer supported cooperative work in innovative design of Semantic Web applications.     

FIELDED MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEM FOR VOCATIONAL COUNSELLING

A fielded machine learning system for vocational counselling is presented in which learning is based on adjustments of weights on links in a network. The system exemplifies how a specific representation, consisting of weights assigned to associations between keywords, enables the effective use of machine learning algorithms for acquiring and continually refining domain knowledge. The representation is designed for coping with the types of knowledge that can be found in weak theory domains, that is, knowledge too difficult to formalize because it is incomplete or vague. Knowledge acquisition and knowledge refinement processes are automated in order to efficiently decrease the effect of unreliable knowledge caused by unknown or unspecified biases inherent in the knowledge sources. The knowledge acquisition algorithms presented here are capable of coping with incomplete and vaguely defined domain knowledge. The knowledge refinement algorithms are used on-line to enable a continuous refinement of ill-defined domain knowledge.     

基于严凸函数的知识粒度与相对粒度

首次将严凸函数引入知识粒度研究中,提出基于严凸函数的知识粒度理论框架。根据该理论框架,给出一系列知识粒度度量函数,证明现有多种常见的知识粒度度量是该理论框架的特殊情形或变种。给出基于严凸函数的相对粒度定义,虽然对任意严凸函数导出的相对粒度不满足单调性,但对一些特殊严凸函数导出的相对粒度证明其单调性,并给出等号成立的条件。证明现有条件信息熵都是文中提出的严凸函数相对粒度的特殊情形,揭示它们的知识粒度本质。针对一致决策表,证明相对粒度与正区域不变等价,从而得到一致决策表代数约简的相对粒度判定方法。数值算例验证文中结论的正确性。     

Enabling situated knowledge management for complex instruments by real-time reconstruction of surface coordinate system on a mobile device

We have developed an approach to implementing a system for managing situated knowledge for complex instruments. Our aim is to develop a system that guides a user through the steps for operating complex scientific instruments. A user manual is often inadequate support for a community of users, so direct communication with an expert is often required. One reason for this is that not all of the author’s expert knowledge was included in the manual, thus limiting the contents to explicit knowledge. This is a main concern of modern knowledge management practitioners who are attempting to design systems that consider both explicit and tacit knowledge. The key is to distribute explicit knowledge through interaction with the real world so that users can develop tacit knowledge as well as acquire explicit knowledge. We describe technical difficulties related to referencing the real world, which is required for interaction, and describe a novel approach to building a low-cost three-dimensional pointer for obtaining the required knowledge, which constitutes our preliminary result.     

国家知识基础设施中的数学知识表示

数学知识表示是知识表示中的一个重要方面,是数学知识检索、自动定理机器证明、智能教学系统等的基础.根据在设计NKI(national knowledge infrastructure)的数学知识表示语言中遇到的问题,并在讨论了数学对象的本体论假设的基础上提出了两种数学知识的表示方法:一种是以一个逻辑语言上的公式为属性值域的描述逻辑;另一种是以描述逻辑描述的本体为逻辑语言的一部分的一阶逻辑.在前者的表示中,如果对公式不作任何限制,那么得到的知识库中的推理不是可算法化的;在后者的表示中,以描述逻辑描述的本体中的推理是可算法化的,而以本体为逻辑语言的一部分的一阶逻辑所表示的数学知识中的推理一般是不可算法化的.因此,在表示数学知识时,需要区分概念性的知识(本体中的知识)和非概念性的知识(用本体作为语言表示的知识).框架或者描述逻辑可以表示和有效地推理概念性知识,但如果将非概念性知识加入到框架或知识库中,就可能使得原来可以有效推理的框架所表示的知识库不存在有效的推理算法,甚至不存在推理算法.为此,建议在表示数学知识时,用框架或描述逻辑来表示概念性知识;然后,用这样表示的知识库作为逻辑语言的一部分,以表示非概念性知识.     

面向注塑产品工艺缺陷的知识图谱构建方法及应用

针对现有注塑产品缺陷故障原因排查与定位依靠专家人工诊断效率低、成本高昂等不足,本文提出了一种面向注塑产品缺陷的知识图谱构建方法及其应用,目的在于将专家知识采用知识图谱进行表示,利用基于知识图谱的垂直检索技术,解决故障排查和定位困难的问题.首先,文章基于多源异构的故障解决方案文本构建语料库,并构建知识本体模型.其次,采用面向非结构化文本的知识抽取模型,将产品缺陷的相关专家知识从原始语料中自动抽取出来.最后,利用Neo4j图数据库实现知识存储及可视化知识图谱的构建.在所构建的知识图谱中,探索并实现了知识智能搜索、故障诊断及工艺卡解析等应用,展示了知识图谱技术在注塑领域的良好应用前景.     

Knowledge transfer frameworks: an extension incorporating knowledge repositories and knowledge administration

While theories abound concerning knowledge transfer in organisations, little empirical work has been undertaken to assess any possible relationship between repositories of knowledge and those responsible for the use of knowledge. This paper develops a knowledge transfer framework based on an empirical analysis of part of the UK operation of a Fortune 100 corporation, which extends existing knowledge transfer theory. The proposed framework integrates knowledge storage and knowledge administration within a model of effective knowledge transfer. This integrated framework encompasses five components: the actors engaged in the transfer of knowledge, the typology of organisational knowledge that is transferred between the actors, the mechanisms by which the knowledge transfer is carried out, the repositories where explicit knowledge is retained and the knowledge administrator equivalent whose function is to manage and maintain knowledge. The paper concludes that a ‘hybridisation’ of knowledge transfer approach, revealed by the framework, offers some promise in organisational applications.