经直肠超声监测在前列腺网状支架治疗中的应用

目的　探讨经直肠超声在前列腺支架治疗中的应用价值。方法　选择不能耐受手术治疗的 2 5例老年阳性前列腺增生、前列腺癌的患者 ,经直肠超声测量前列腺尿道长度 ,监视支架置放过程并引导支架置入目标部位。结果　测得前列腺尿道长度平均为 ( 4.3± 0 .8)cm ;放置的支架长平均为 ( 3 .4± 0 .7)cm。 2 5例中 2 0例一次正确放入前列腺尿道( 80 % ) ,有 4例出现尿失禁 ,后在膀胱镜下调整 ,另 1例支架置放失败。 2 4例支架置放后都能自解小便 ,平均尿流率达( 11.5± 0 .7)ml/s。结论　经直肠超声对前列腺尿道内支架置放术的监测是一种较直观、准确、有效的方法。     

形状记忆合金网状支架置入术治疗前列腺增生症——附63例报告

目的探讨形状记忆合金网状支架置入术治疗前列腺增生症的疗效.方法对63例前列腺增生患者,作形状记忆合金网状支架置入术治疗,置入后3个月评定前列腺症状评分,测定尿流率.结果前列腺症状评分由术前(27±4)分减少到(10±2)分(P＜0.01),平均最大尿流率由术前的(3±1)mL/s增加到(10±2)mL/s(P＜0.01).结论本法疗效确切、创伤小、安全,可在基层医院开展.     

镍钛形状记忆合金编织管状支架X射线与膀胱镜下前列腺置入与宿主的生物相容性特点

背景:前列腺增生治疗的金标准目前仍是经尿道前列腺电切术,但并非所有的患者都适合采用该种手术方式.前列腺支架作为一种暂时或者永久解除前列腺段尿路梗阻的方法是泌尿外科领域一种相对较新的方法,由于具有受患者身体状况影响小、操作简单、疗效确切等优点被各国泌尿外科前列腺治疗指南列为可选择的治疗手段之一.目的:分析镍钛合金支架置入治疗合并心脑血管疾病等高危前列腺增生的效果及其不同技术操作与其生物相容性特点.设计、时间及地点:回顾性分析2002-10/2006-04昆明医学院第一附属医院泌尿外科的病例资料.对象:选择在局部麻醉状态下行前列腺镍钛合金支架置入治疗合并心脑血管等高危疾病的前列腺增生老年患者41例.平均年龄(81.7 7.4)岁.方法:采用南京微创医学科技有限公司生产的MTN型镍钛形状记忆合金编织管状支架,配备膀胱镜或X射线定位置入器.其中27例为透视尿道造影条件下置入,14例为膀胱镜下置入.主要观察指标:①两种方法支架置入后与宿主生物相容性的反应.②支架置入前后前列腺症状评分、残余尿量和最大尿流率.结果:41例中2例放置失败,38例接受随访6～36个月.①27例X射线透视尿道造影条件下一次置入成功.2例术后3个月内反复尿路感染,经治疗痊愈.1例术后发生较严重血尿,置入后约1个月尿道黏膜覆盖支架后自然消失.3例不能正常排尿予以留置14F气囊导尿管,并予口服α受体阻滞剂拔除尿管后小便能自解.1例终身膀胱造瘘.②14例膀胱镜下置入病例中2例发生前列腺支架脱落入膀胱,其中1例经手术后取出并同时行前列腺绿激光气化术,1例行开放手术并同时行前列腺摘除术.4例术后反复尿路感染.1例术后发生较严重的血尿,置入后约1个月尿道黏膜覆盖支架后自然消失.5例不能正常排尿予以留置14F气囊导尿管.并予口服α受体阻滞剂,3 d后拔除尿管.1例始终不能正常排尿,改行终生膀胱造瘘.③支架置入后IPSS评分由(27.19 3.56)分减少到(8.34±4.54)分,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).最大尿流率从0mL/s增加到(12.48±3.36)mL/s,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).结论:镍钛合金网状支架置入组织相容性好、治疗效果好、严重并发症少.X射线定位置入法优于膀胱镜置入法.     

经尿道电汽化并用电切术治疗前列腺增生症

目的　探讨前列腺增生症 (BPH)更为有效的腔内手术治疗方法。方法　采用经尿道前列腺汽化电切 (TUVP)并用电切术 (TURP)治疗BPH患者 94例。结果　 91例排尿通畅 ,另 3例继续留置尿管 3～ 5d后排尿正常。术后平均 3～ 5d出院。经 3个月至 1年的随访 ,IPSS由术前 2 7 8± 2 5分 ,降至术后 7 8±0 3分 (P <0 0 1) ,MFR由术前平均 6 4± 1 8ml/s ,术后增加为 17 5± 2 5ml/s。B超测残余尿 (R)术前平均15 0± 2 4 5ml,术后平均为 19 5ml。结论　经尿道电汽化并用电切术治疗BPH取两者的优点 ,手术安全、顺利 ,创伤小 ,并发症少 ,且疗效显著。是目前治疗BPH最为有效的方法     

网状支架植入术治疗前列腺电切术后排尿障碍患者的护理

目的介绍网状支架植入术治疗前列腺电切(transurethral resection of the prostate,TURP)术后排尿障碍患者的护理方法。方法回顾性分析2004-2011年在解放军第81医院治疗的36例良性前列腺增生患者的临床资料。所有患者均为行经尿道前列腺等离子电切术后并发排尿障碍患者,且均在局部麻醉下经超声引导置入镍钛记忆合金支架。结果 36例患者中有35例患者手术成功,支架置入5d后拔除导尿管,其中33例患者可自主排尿,尿流率恢复正常或接近正常,有效率为91.6%。1例患者因尿道狭窄未能植入支架而行膀胱造瘘,2例患者因不能耐受并发生血尿于术后第2天取出支架。结论网状支架治疗前列腺电切术后并发排尿障碍患者的效果确切,术前宣教、术中很好配合、术后进行针对性的护理,可提高术后患者的疗效。     

经尿道气化加电切术治疗前列腺增生症

目的探讨良性前列腺增生症 (BPH)的有效治疗方法。方法采用经尿道前列腺气化电切 (TU VP)加经尿道前列腺电切术 (TURP)联合治疗BPH患者 2 18例。结果平均手术时间 70 (2 0～ 15 0 )min ,2例术中需输血 2 0 0ml,均为Ⅲ度增生者 ,切除前列腺组织平均重量 5 0 (30～ 15 0 ) g ,未发生电切综合征 ,术后 3～ 5d拔除导尿管 ,排尿均通畅 ,随诊 1～ 6个月 ,国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)由术前 (2 8.5± 2 .5 )分下降至术后 (8.5±0 .5 )分 ,最大尿流率由术前平均 (6 .2± 2 .0 )ml/s升至术后 (17.5± 1.5 )ml/s,B超复查约 30例仍有剩余尿 10～ 4 0ml,平均 17.5ml,术后继发性出血 8例 ,尿道狭窄 12例 ,暂时性尿失禁 10例。结论TUVP加TURP联合治疗BPH可综合两者的优点 ,疗效显著 ,并发症少 ,安全性高 ,是治疗BPH的有效方法     

经尿道双极汽化技术治疗高危前列腺增生症

目的 :探讨双极汽化术治疗高危前列腺增生症 (BPH)的疗效和安全性。方法 :应用双极环状电极 ,采用分隔切除法对 1 3例BPH行经尿道前列腺汽化切除。术中 0 .9%生理盐水作导体介质及膀胱灌洗 ,术后留置三腔尿管。结果 :切除前列腺重量 65± 1 5 .5g,手术时间 32± 7.5min ,出血 70± 2 2 .8ml;留管时间 48h ,术中冲洗液 9.5± 0 .2 5L ;最大尿流率由术前 0至术后 1 5 .5± 2 .7ml/s(P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;IPSS评分 2 7.5± 3 .4至术后 7.2±2 .7(P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :双极汽化术出血少 ,有效防止了TURP综合征 ,治疗效果确切 ,是目前治疗高龄高危BPH的最安全有效治疗方法     

镍钛记忆合金支架治疗前列腺增生176例远期疗效分析

目的 观察镍钛记忆合金网状支架治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的远期效果.方法 对176例良性前列腺增生导致排尿障碍患者局麻下经超声引导置入镍钛记忆合金支架,治疗后6、12、24、36、48个月进行随访.结果 支架置入后3～7 d拔除导尿管,161例患者恢复自主排尿,残余尿量明显减少,尿流率正常或接近正常,治疗后随访6、12、24、36、48个月,有效率分别为96.1％、92.6％、87.2％、82.5％及77.0％,获4 a以上随访的患者82例,IPSS、Qmax、RUV分别为(8.6±3.3)分、(14.5±3.4) ml/s、(33±11.6) ml,与出院时相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 镍钛记忆合金网状支架治疗良性前列腺增生导致排尿障碍远期效果肯定,适用于高危的前列腺增生患者.     

脑梗死并前列腺增生症耻骨上膀胱造瘘1例的护理

1　病例简介患者男 ,80岁。因脑梗死 1年 ,前列腺增生 8年 ,急性尿潴留 ,于2 0 0 0年 3月 2 7日收入院。查体见患者神志清 ,体温正常 ,神经体征 (- ) ,膀胱高度充盈。Ｂ超示前列腺体积 5 .1ｃｍ× 3.8ｃｍ× 3.2ｃｍ ,立即持续导尿 ,但反复插尿管困难 ,且 3次拔管后均不能自行排尿 ,并伴有尿路感染 ,遂行永久性耻骨上膀胱造瘘术 ,给予抗感染治疗 ,效果好 ,住院 70ｄ痊愈出院。2　讨　论2 .1　尿潴留发生的原因　 (1)神经源性膀胱是调节排尿功能的中枢和周围神经系统受损而引起的膀胱和尿道功能障碍[1] ,分为逼尿肌反射亢进(尿失禁 )和逼尿肌…     

α_1受体阻滞剂对慢性前列腺炎并发梗阻性排尿障碍患者的疗效观察

目的 :探讨α1受体阻滞剂 (α1RB)对慢性前列腺炎 (CP)并发梗阻性排尿障碍患者的临床应用价值。方法 :治疗组 3 6例CP并发梗阻性排尿障碍患者应用α1RB治疗 ,安慰剂组 2 4例CP并发梗阻性排尿障碍患者服用同剂型安慰剂。两组同时行前列腺按摩、坐浴、口服复方新诺明。对两组治疗前后症状及尿流动力学变化进行比较。结果 :α1RB治疗组中治疗前后最大尿流率 (Qmax)从 (14 0 1± 1 46)ml/s增加到 (17 8± 1 83 )ml/s(P <0 0 1) ,前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)从 15 76± 0 3 5下降到 6 2 4± 0 2 4(P <0 0 0 1) ,对疼痛症状的缓解率为 66 7%。安慰剂组Qmax从(14 0 2± 1 2 2 )ml/s上升到 (14 92± 1 0 7)ml/s(P >0 0 5 ) ,IPSS从 15 11± 1 64下降到 13 92± 1 3 8(P >0 0 5 ) ,对疼痛症状的缓解率为 2 5 %。结论 :CP并发梗阻性排尿障碍早期是可逆性功能性梗阻 ,α1RB治疗有效 ;晚期慢性纤维化致膀胱颈梗阻 ,是一种不可逆性梗阻 ,α1RB治疗无效。α1RB除了缓解梗阻症状 ,减轻前列腺炎引起的疼痛症状外 ,其治疗效果还可作为区别后尿道功能性抑或机械性梗阻的重要参考     

Combined endoscopic laser ablation of the prostate (ELAP) and temporary prostatic stenting

Summary

Delayed relief of bladder outflow obstruction has limited the use of laser ablation of the prostate (ELAP). This clinical study was to evaluate the combination of temporary prostatic stenting (a new one size stent) with ELAP in 25 consecutive patients with outflow obstruction, including cases of urinary retention, which might accelerate the time to symptomatic benefit or relief of symptoms. Flow rate, residual volume and symptom score were repeated at 6 weeks. The stent was removed under local anaesthetic at 3 months. Twenty-two of 25 voided immediately post-operatively, including 4 of 5 with previous urinary retention. Early stent migration occurred in one case. Late symptomatic migration was not seen. Mean Q_max improved from 8ml/s to 16.5ml/s at 6 weeks. Voiding scores and residual volumes fell. Previously reported ‘prostatitis’ symptoms were not identified. The use of temporary prostatic stenting enables catheter-free ELAP with early improvement of flow and reduction of voiding score.     

B超引导经会阴局麻下经尿道前列腺双波长激光汽化术的疗效观察

目的 探讨B超引导经会阴局麻下经尿道前列腺双波长激光汽化术的安全性及疗效。方法 回顾性分析2017年12月－2019年6月长沙市第四医院40例高危良性前列腺增生（BPH）患者的临床资料,患者均在B超引导下经会阴途径局部麻醉后应用980/1 470 nm双波长激光行前列腺激光汽化术。统计手术时间、术中疼痛程度、膀胱冲洗时间、留置导尿管时间。比较术前2 h、术中、术后2 h患者生命体征和血红蛋白变化情况、术前、术后1个月、术后6个月的最大尿流率（Qmax）、残余尿量（RUV）和国际前列腺症状评分（I-PSS）。结果 手术时间为（25.6±13.2）min,麻醉效果基本满意。患者术前2 h与术中、术后2 h生命体征和血红蛋白变化情况比较,差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。膀胱冲洗时间为（1.6±0.5）d,留置导尿管时间为（3.3±1.2）d。术后出现尿路感染8例,尿路刺激征7例,均经对症治疗后痊愈;无尿失禁、排尿困难及尿道狭窄等并发症发生,无输血和再手术病例。Qmax由术前的（6.8±2.4）mL/s增加到术后的（20.2±1.4）mL/s,RUV由术前的（158.2±43.2）mL降至术后的（26.5±14.3）mL,术后I-PSS为（6.5±1.7）分,明显低于术前的（26.9±1.4）分,手术前后比较,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 B超引导经会阴局麻下经尿道前列腺双波长激光汽化术是治疗高危BPH患者的新方法,具有手术时间短、创伤小和恢复快等优点。可避免高危BPH患者因椎管内麻醉或全身麻醉风险而放弃手术。     

Long-term safety of drug-eluting stents in patients on warfarin treatment

Abstract

Background. The safety of drug-eluting stents (DES) in patients on long-term warfarin treatment has been questioned due to high risk of bleeding complications during prolonged triple (aspirin, clopidogrel, and warfarin) antithrombotic therapy. Methods. We analysed the long-term outcome of 415 consecutive warfarin-treated patients who underwent DES (n = 191) or bare-metal (n = 224) stenting in six hospitals. Results. The mean duration of triple therapy was longer (4.2 ± 3.1 versus 2.1 ± 1.8 months; P < 0.001) in the DES group. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events was comparable in the DES and bare-metal groups (39.8% versus 42.4%; P = 0.59) during a median follow-up of 3.5 years. Similarly, major bleeding events occurred equally often in both study groups (14.7% versus 12.9%). Six patients in the DES group and seven patients in the bare-metal group suffered stent thrombosis (3.1% versus 3.1%). In the propensity score analyses of 101 matched pairs, the outcome was similar in the two groups. Conclusion. Selective use of DES with a short triple therapy seems to be safe in patients with warfarin therapy. The prognosis of this fragile patient population is quite poor, and major bleeding events are common irrespective of stent type.     

Additional luminal area gain by intravascular ultrasound guidance after coronary stent implantation with high inflation pressure

Aims: Studies by intravascular ultrasound demonstrated inadequate expansion in a large number of stents, which lead to the increase of inflation pressures for stenting. The present study examined whether routine use of high-pressure inflation would be sufficient for an optimum stent expansion without sonographic guidance. Methods and results: Two types of single coronary stents (Palmaz-Schatz in 54, and Wiktor in 25) were implanted with inflation pressures of 16–20 atm in 79 nonocclusive coronary lesions. IVUS before stenting was used in 78% to select the adequate stent size. Intravascular ultrasound after stenting was used to assess the minimum stent area and diameter, the reference areas, and the strut apposition to the vessel wall. The difference between the area of the expanding balloon and the stent area was calculated as the luminal deficit of the stent. Completeness of stent expansion required full strut apposition and lesion coverage, and a minimum stent area that was larger than the distal reference, and larger than 60% of the proximal reference. Intravascular ultrasound before stenting lead to an increase of the stent size in 47%. After high-pressure expansion, even with the optimized balloon size, 8% of stents had struts protruding into the lumen. The stent area (6.87 ± 1.93 mm²) was significantly smaller than both the proximal (9.59 ± 2.91 mm²; p<0.001) and distal reference area (8.23 ± 3.03 mm²; p<0.001). The criteria for complete expansion were met in 48%. The expansion with a larger high-pressure balloon in 28 stents lead to an increase of the stent area by 19% (8.19 ± 2.24; p<0.001), and full stent apposition in all cases. The criteria of stent expansion were met in 82%. A wide range of the luminal deficit upto 48% was observed, which was not related to sonographic lesion characteristics, except in lesions with complete circumferential calcifications. The different stent designs were characterized by a slightly lower luminal deficit in slotted-tube stents (23 ± 13% vs. 28 ± 12%; p=0.11) and a better index of stent symmetry as compared with the coil stent (0.87 ± 0.08 vs. 0.82 ± 0.09; p<0.05). Conclusion: Routine use of high-pressure stent expansion did not lead to a sufficient stent expansion, even when the initial stent size had been guided by intravascular ultrasound. Further stent dilatation with larger balloons under ultrasound guidance would be required to optimize the luminal area gain.     

用MRS评价前列腺癌内分泌治疗后的代谢变化：癌区与非癌区外周带的比较

目的用MRS定量评价前列腺癌内分泌治疗后的代谢变化,观察癌组织与非癌区外周带的代谢差别.方法 21例内分泌治疗后的前列腺癌患者与19例未经任何治疗的前列腺癌患者,行MRS检查.将前列腺分为左、右两侧,每侧由上到下分为底部、中部和尖部三部分,共六分区.根据手术或穿刺病理结果将这六分区归类为癌区和非癌区.在MRS代谢图上测量前列腺癌区和非癌区外周带内分泌治疗后的胆碱(choline,Cho)、肌酸(creatine,Cre)和枸橼酸盐(citrate,Cit)的代谢水平.结果内分泌治疗后前列腺的Cho、Cre和Cit均下降,Cit下降较明显(P<0.01).内分泌治疗组非癌区(Cho Cre)/Cit的比值高于未治疗组(分别为0.82±0.12和0.59±0.20),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).内分泌治疗组有Cho,Cre和Cit代谢的癌区(Cho Cre)/Cit的比值与未治疗组相比差异无显著性(分别为2.62±0.31和2.26±0.73,P>0.05).结论 MRS可以定量分析前列腺癌内分泌治疗后的代谢变化,前列腺内分泌治疗后癌区与非癌区外周带的代谢改变不同.     

Modified technique for difficult ureteral stenting in percutaneous nephrolithotomy via inferior calyx approach

Abstract

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) via single inferior-calyceal tract is suitable for some partial staghorn calculi mainly located in the inferior calyx. A ureteral stent should be inserted at the end of PCNL to avoid urine leakage or ureteral obstruction by residual calculi. However, antegrade ureteral stenting via the inferior calyx is not always successful due to unfavorable lower pole calyx anatomy. In the present study, we introduced a modified method for difficult stenting. First a 0.038-inch zebra guidewire was retrogradely introduced through the previously inserted ureteral catheter and grasped out of the work sheath by a ureteroscopic forceps to develop a through-and-through guidewire; then an 8 Fr guide catheter was inserted antegradely over the guidewire into the ureter after removing the prior ureteral catheter; subsequently the zebra guidewire was removed and antegradely introduced into the bladder through the guide catheter, followed by antegrade insertion of a double J stent. Of 158 patients, 32 needed modified ureteral stenting; and the lower pole infundibulopelvic angle (LPIA) was measured in 25 patients with and in 57 patients without modified stenting. The results showed that LPIA in patients with modified stenting was much smaller than that in patients without modified stenting (56.0 ± 12.58 and 77.4 ± 11.40, P < 0.0001); when the LPIA is <60^°, the modified technique should be recommended. In summary, the modified technique is simple, time-saving, less invasive and highly successful for difficult ureteral stenting in PCNL via inferior calyx.     

3.0 T cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients treated with coronary stenting for myocardial infarction: evaluation of short term safety and image quality

Purpose To evaluate safety and image quality of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) at 3.0 T in patients with coronary stents after myocardial infarction (MI), in comparison to the clinical standard at 1.5 T. Methods Twenty-five patients (21 men; 55 ± 9 years) with first MI treated with primary stenting, underwent 18 scans at 3.0 T and 18 scans at 1.5 T. Twenty-four scans were performed 4 ± 2 days and 12 scans 125 ± 23 days after MI. Cine (steady-state free precession) and late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE, segmented inversion-recovery gradient echo) images were acquired. Patient safety and image artifacts were evaluated, and in 16 patients stent position was assessed during repeat catheterization. Additionally, image quality was scored from 1 (poor quality) to 4 (excellent quality). Results There were no clinical events within 30 days of CMR at 3.0 T or 1.5 T, and no stent migration occurred. At 3.0 T, image quality of cine studies was clinically useful in all, but not sufficient for quantitative analysis in 44% of the scans, due to stent (6/18 scans), flow (7/18 scans) and/or dark band artifacts (8/18 scans). Image quality of LGE images at 3.0 T was not sufficient for quantitative analysis in 53%, and not clinically useful in 12%. At 1.5 T, all cine and LGE images were quantitatively analyzable. Conclusion 3.0 T is safe in the acute and chronic phase after MI treated with primary stenting. Although cine imaging at 3.0 T is suitable for clinical use, quantitative analysis and LGE imaging is less reliable than at 1.5 T. Further optimization of pulse sequences at 3.0 T is essential.     

主动脉狭窄性病变血管内支架植入术的临床观察

目的对主动脉狭窄性病变的血管内支架(ES)植入术进行疗效观察与评价.方法 14例主动脉狭窄患者,包括大动脉炎(TA)10例,动脉粥样硬化(AS)1例,先天性主动脉缩窄(CoA)3例,均行经皮血管内支架植入术.术后随访10～102个月.结果 14例血管内支架植入术治疗成功率为100%.术后即刻疗效好,跨狭窄处收缩压差由术前(70.00±24.33) mmHg降至(2.43±3.76)mmHg(P<0.01),术前与术后主动脉狭窄段最窄处直径由(5.57±1.45)mm增至(12.28± 2.09)mm(P<0.01).随访12例疗效满意;1例TA转为活动期;1例CoA症状反复行外科手术治疗.结论血管内支架植入术治疗主动脉狭窄性病变可获得满意的临床效果.     

Improvement of coronary morphology and blood flow after stenting

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and intracoronary Doppler (ICD) were performed in eight patients (54.3±6.5 years, 6 male) immediately after PTCA and after stenting. ICD was also performed before PTCA. After PTCA, IVUS has demonstrated intimal rupture in all patients. After stenting, IVUS revealed wall wrapping of the intimal flap with a free lumen in all patients. The lumen diameter was 2.42±0.55 mm after PTCA and was 2.74±0.49 mm after stenting (p<0.001). The cross-sectional area increased from 4.70±1.99 mm² post-PTCA to 6.40±2.15 mm² post-stent (p<0.005). Coronary flow velocity reserve, calculated by the ratio of mean flow velocity at rest and after intracoronary papaverine administration, increased from 2.05±1.01 to 2.99±1.14 after PTCA (p = 0.015); and increased to 4.51±1.33 after stenting (p<0.001). The morphological data derived from IVUS correlated with the functional information obtained with ICD. In addition to its established role in bail out situations, stent implantation may be considered when a suboptimal morphological and functional result has been demonstrated.