鼠李糖脂的发酵及其在清洗原油储罐中的应用

从被油类污染的土壤中得到一株分泌鼠李糖脂的铜绿假单胞菌P aeruginosa ZJU u1,利用烹饪废油为碳源,在摇瓶上对此菌株进行发酵培养,鼠李糖脂的产量在120 h后达到12.54g/L.获得的发酵液可以使溶液表面张力降低到37×10-3N/m,临界胶束浓度(CMC)为63.3 mg/L.实验结果表明,发酵液可提高罐底油泥的洗脱效果,提高储油罐罐底油泥中原油的回收率.     

假单胞菌O-2-2产鼠李糖脂的结构表征及理化性质

利用液相色谱/质谱联用仪分析了铜绿假单胞菌O-2-2以正十八烷为碳源所产鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂的组成。共检出21种鼠李糖脂的同系物,都由1~2分子的鼠李糖和1~2个含β-羟基的碳链长度为8~12的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸构成;主要组分为α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷-β-羟基癸酰-β-羟基癸酸和2-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷-β-羟基癸酰-β-羟基癸酸。该糖脂类生物表面活性剂可将水的表面张力降至28·6mN/m,临界胶束浓度为1·3×10-4mol/L,在120℃加热4h或者在ρ(NaCl)=100g/L或ρ(CaCl2)=20g/L的盐溶液中仍能保持表面活性。     

假单胞菌AB93066产鼠李糖脂发酵条件的优化

通过单因素实验和正交实验对铜绿假单胞杆菌AB93066产鼠李糖脂(RL)的摇瓶发酵培养基配方和产生规律进行了研究。结果表明,最佳培养基配方为:ρ(酵母膏)=0.2 g/L,ρ(豆油)=120 g/L,ρ(NaNO3)=6.5 g/L,ρ(KH2PO4)=1.0 g/L,ρ(Na2HPO4.12H2O)=1.0 g/L,ρ(MgSO4.7H2O)=0.1 g/L,ρ(FeSO4.7H2O)=0.2 g/L,pH=6.0。RL的收获期在发酵后156~168 h最佳。发酵生产RL的扩大实验表明,在最优发酵条件下RL的产量可达56 g/L以上,提取后的RL可将去离子水的表面张力降至29.01 mN/m。用高效液相色谱/质谱联用仪进一步分析了所提取的RL的组成,它分别为二鼠李糖脂(R1)和单鼠李糖脂(R2)两种同系物。R1和R2的表观临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为0.03 mmol/L和0.04 mmol/L。     

鼠李糖脂产量的提高及采油应用研究

对一株铜绿假单胞菌进行发酵条件优化,最优培养基为：菜籽油80 g/L、NaNO₃ 6 g/L、Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O 3 g/L、KH₂PO₄ 1.5 g/L、MgSO₄ 0.36 g/L、FeSO₄·7H₂O 0.2 g/L、CaCl₂ 0.12 g/L;最适培养条件为：温度37℃,装液量40 mL/250 mL,发酵时间168 h。在最优条件下,鼠李糖脂平均产量可达57.83 g/L,表面张力降到27.89 mN/m。鼠李糖脂在相对苛刻的温度、盐度、pH环境中具有较强的稳定性。在物理模拟驱油实验中,用发酵液进行实验,添加具有增黏性质的生物聚合物黄原胶辅助,建立了一种新的生物驱油体系。5%鼠李糖脂发酵液的生物复合体系采收率可达17.4%,表明其在微生物采油领域有着较大的应用前景。     

微生物合成鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂的研究进展

微生物合成的鼠李糖脂是一类重要的生物表面活性剂,具有易被生物降解、表面活性良好等优点,应用前景广阔。目前用于发酵合成鼠李糖脂的菌株主要为假单胞菌属。综述了产鼠李糖脂菌株的发现与筛选、鼠李糖脂的生物合成途径与代谢调控关系、鼠李糖脂发酵过程的优化与控制、高产鼠李糖脂工程菌株的构建等方面的研究进展,并对其研究趋势进行了展望。     

利用废弃碳资源生产鼠李糖脂的研究进展

鼠李糖脂是微生物合成的一类糖脂类生物表面活性剂,具有优异的表面活性、理化性质和广阔的应用前景。铜绿假单胞菌是鼠李糖脂生产的主要发酵菌株,能够以多种水溶性碳源或疏水性碳源为底物发酵生产鼠李糖脂。当前,废弃碳资源导致的浪费和污染问题日益严峻,基于鼠李糖脂的特性与生产菌株的底物偏好性,以废弃碳资源为原料生产鼠李糖脂具有很大的发展潜力。本文分别介绍以废油脂(含油废水、食品加工废油和餐厨废油)、含糖废弃物(含糖的食品加工副产物、含糖果蔬废弃物和木质纤维)和废塑料等高聚废弃物为原料合成鼠李糖脂的研究进展,重点总结了不同底物和生产菌株对鼠李糖脂生产的影响。通过分析废弃碳资源当前利用现状,发现繁多的种类、较低的分类程度和难降解的组分是限制以废弃碳资源作为底物生产鼠李糖脂进一步发展的主要因素,并提出以废弃碳资源生产鼠李糖脂的未来发展方向。     

鼠李糖脂在石油工业中的应用研究进展

鼠李糖脂是一种具有良好乳化作用、增溶作用以及可降低界面张力的生物表面活性剂。介绍了鼠李糖脂的结构及生产方法,综述了鼠李糖脂在石油工业中应用的研究进展,探讨了目前的研究热点及存在的问题,展望了鼠李糖脂今后的发展方向。     

鼠李糖脂在土壤污染修复中的应用研究进展

介绍了生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂在土壤重金属污染的修复作用及对土壤中原油、多氯联苯、多环芳烃等污染物的降解作用,并且廉价、无毒、可生物降解,具有广阔的应用前景。     

假单胞菌O-2-2利用油脂废水生产鼠李糖脂研究

通过摇瓶培养试验,研究了铜绿假单胞菌O-2-2以植物油精炼废水为原料生产鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂的适宜条件.结果表明以NaNO3为氮源,碳氮比为15,培养基初始pH值为7.5,32℃,250 r/min培养84 h,鼠李糖脂产量最高,达2.14g/L.液-质联用分析结果表明所提取的糖脂由11种同系物组成,都含有1～2个的鼠李糖和1～2个含β-羟基的碳链长度为8～12的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸.该糖脂生物表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度为69.5 mg/L,可将水的表面张力降至29.2 mN/m,并具有良好的耐温耐盐性.     

鼠李糖脂及其前体的生物合成与应用

鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂是由铜绿假单胞菌分泌的含有鼠李糖结构的脂类胞外物,由于其具有良好的表面活性,日益受到各个领域的广泛研究。本文综述了鼠李糖脂各个前体的生物合成途径及鼠李糖脂在诸多领域的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

园林绿化废弃物在污泥好氧发酵上的应用

园林绿化废弃物是一种绿色废弃物,由于其组成及结构的特殊性,园林绿化废弃物是作为污泥好氧发酵的良好结构剂调理剂,有着一定的优缺点,能够很好地提高堆肥效率。同时经过二次发酵堆肥腐熟后的物料,其品质优良,是作为生产有机肥的良好原材料,能够更好地提高作物产量与品质。     

Application of Multivariate Analysis in Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Evaluation of Waste Frying Oil Blends

Mid-infrared spectroscopy, in association with multivariate chemometric techniques, was employed for pattern recognition and the determination of the composition of waste frying oils (WFO); data are presented in terms of the percentage of soybean oil, palm oil and hydrogenated vegetable fat in frying oil blends. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using spectral data (3,000–600 cm⁻¹) to discriminate between the samples containing 100% soybean oil, 100% palm oil, 100% hydrogenated vegetable fat groups and their blends. Additionally, the results indicated that partial least squares (PLS) models based on mid-infrared spectra were suitable as practical analytical methods for predicting the oil contents in WFO blends. PLS models were validated by a representative prediction set, and the root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) were 2.8, 4.7 and 5.5% for palm oil, soybean oil and hydrogenated vegetable fat, respectively. The proposed methodology can be very useful for the rapid and low cost determination of waste frying oil composition while also aiding in decisions regarding the management of oil pretreatment and production routes for biodiesel production.     

石油炼化废油泥、油渣的无害化处置研究

我国的石油炼化企业每年产生大量的废油泥、油渣,本研究通过对综合利用后的残渣进行鉴定,认为其不再属于危险废物,可进一步加以利用,这是一种先综合利用后无害化处理的处置方法。     

剩余污泥厌氧发酵产中链脂肪酸的研究进展

随着城市人口增多,污水处理厂处理污水的量增加,剩余污泥产量因此也大幅增加。目前污泥厌氧处理回收甲烷、氢气和短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)是实现资源化的主要途径。但上述产物具有潜在温室效应,分离提纯难等限制性特点。近期,长链脂肪酸(MCFAs)作为一种新型的厌氧发酵产物具有易分离提取、高热量值和广阔的应用前景等优势而受到广泛关注。本文首先介绍了污泥厌氧处理的常规产物类型及特点,MCFAs的性质与优势;其次总结了剩余污泥产MCFAs的主要路径与方法;随后综述了强化剩余污泥产MCFAs技术的重要研究进展,重点阐述了这些技术通过改变发酵底物性质、功能微生物及发酵反应环境等因素影响MCFAs的生产。最后,对未来剩余污泥产MCFAs的研究重点进行了展望。     

Chronic Response of Waste Activated Sludge Fermentation to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles☆

Due to the large-scale production and wide applications, many nanoparticles (NPs) enter wastewater treatment plants and accumulate in activated sludge. It is reported that titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs s...     

Regeneration of Used Frying Oil

Used frying oils were purified in a packed column using different amounts of silica gel (SG), aluminum oxide (AO), activated charcoal (AC), bentonite (B), magnesol XL (M), calcium carbonate (CC), zeolite (Z), bleaching earth (BE) and/or their binary, triple, and quaternary combinations. SG (15 g) improved total polar material (TPM) by 100 %, conjugated diene (CD) content by 84 %, and p-anisidine value (AV) by 104 %, while AO and M improved free fatty acid (FFA) contents by 103 and 105 %, respectively. On the other hand, AC and M bleached the color by 100 and 90 %, respectively. As the amount of adsorbent in the column increased, FFA, CD, AV, and color improved. When the amount of used sunflower oil (UO1) loaded in the column containing SL was increased, FFA, CD, AV and color values increased, while no change was observed in TPM up to 60 g of UO1. Loading UO1 at 150 °C in the column caused the absorbance values at 460 nm to decrease from 0.740 to 0.240, while the amount of adsorbed tocopherol increased compared to UO1 at 25 °C. The increasing number of adsorbents within the column further improved the physicochemical properties of UO1 when it was used 30 g. However, as the amount of different type of used oils (UO2, UO3 and UO4) was increased to 300 g, improvement ratios of all parameters decreased.     

Plasma Modified Membrane for Daily Recovery of Oil from Repeated Frying Operation with Frequent Oil Replenishment

Sunflower oil was used for deep frying of potatoes at 170 ± 5 °C and for 8 h per day for 5 days in a fryer with an automatic oil filtration system. Three different frying operations were performed: operation (OP)-1, OP-2 and OP-3; that correspond to the oil unfiltered at the end of each frying day, the oil filtered through the fryer's own filter (passive filtration) and the oil firstly subjected to passive filtration and then filtered through a polyethersulfone membrane modified with hexamethyldisiloxane via radio frequency plasma (75 W-5 min, discharge power–time), respectively. The performance of each operation was investigated in terms of free fatty acids (FFA), conjugated dienoic acids (CD), TOTOX value, total polar content (TPC), Hunter color, viscosity, fatty acid composition, and tocopherol content. The results showed that OP-3 could decrease FFA, CD, TOTOX, TPC, L*a*b* value, viscosity and linoleic acid (18:2)/palmitic acid (16:0) ratio in 29.6, 11.7, 25, 30.8, 6.1*11.3*20.8*, 7.8, 12.2 %, respectively, compared to the unfiltered oil (OP-1). Regenerated oil from OP-3 had a frying life approximately 17 h more than oils from both OP-1 and OP-2.     

利用城市垃圾、污泥烧制生态水泥

综合评述了国内外城市垃圾、污泥等废弃物的处理现状,列举了它们在生态水泥生产中作为原料的应用情况,分析了水泥厂处理这些废弃物的优势.用城市垃圾和污泥来生产生态水泥既拓宽了原材料来源,减少了天然资源的消耗,降低了水泥生产的成本,又不需填埋场地,保护了自然环境,将是一条很有前途的、有利于水泥工业可持续发展的途径.     

油页岩干馏废料与含油污泥处理的技术分析

当前含油污泥具有广泛来源且其化学成分复杂,在处理技术上逐渐呈现多元化发展,在本研究中通过文献资料分析能够深入探究含油污泥处理技术以及油页岩干馏废料处理技术的实际现场应用情况,总结现有技术处理后残渣含油率是否满足国家标准规范需求以及残渣资源化利用去向,综合分析在具体应用中含有污泥以及油页岩干馏废渣处理技术存在的问题以及处...