β-胡萝卜素分子的黄琨因子的温度特性

β-胡萝卜素具有光采集、光防护功能, 又是重要的光电材料, 它在外场下的分子结构和性能变化既有理论意义也有应用价值。测量了β-胡萝卜素在环己醇中68～26 ℃温度范围内的紫外-可见吸收、拉曼光谱。实验结果表明随着温度的降低, 黄琨因子和碳碳键每个振动模的电子-声子耦合常数减小, 紫外-可见吸收光谱红移, 碳碳键拉曼散射截面增加。用线性链状多烯分子的“相干弱阻尼电子-晶格振动模型”、“有效共轭长度模型”等理论给予了解释。随着温度的降低,β-胡萝卜素分子的热无序减小,分子结构有序性增加,π电子离域扩展,有效共轭长度增加,导致紫外-可见吸收光谱红移和强的拉曼活性。相干弱阻尼电子-晶格振动增强,使碳碳键拉曼散射截面增加。引用带有量纲的电子-声子相互作用常数,既可以与黄昆因子建立关系式,计算出碳碳键每个振动模的数值,也可以表征分子的有效共轭长度,π电子离域程度及拉曼散射截面的大小等。     

密度泛函理论研究奈韦拉平结构,芳香性和电荷性质

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)和Hartree-Fock方法,分别在B3LPY/6-31G和HF/6-31G基组水平上优化了奈韦拉平的几何和电子结构.从奈韦拉平的几何结构出发,分析了其稳定性、芳香性和电子结构特性.计算结果表明,C_1点群对称性为基态奈韦拉平结构.对于奈韦拉平,芳香性大小按环4环3环1的顺序依次降低;环1、环3、环4具有芳香性,环2具有反芳香性.氮原子和碳原子形成sp~2杂化,氧原子形成sp杂化.     

左旋尤利沙星电子结构及ECD谱的理论研究

采用DFT及TD-DFT方法在B3LYP/6-311++G**水平对左旋尤利沙星的电子结构及ECD谱进行了理论研究. 研究发现,环A、环B、环C及羰基之间共轭,成刚性平面结构. 电子密度拓扑分析发现,H(23)与O(19)之间存在分子内氢键;水溶液中,分子内氢键作用加强,键长缩短为0.1624 nm,键鞍点电荷密度增加为0.0581 a.u.. 理论研究获得的ECD谱与实验谱基本吻合. 水溶液中,左旋尤利沙星在244 nm处存在负性康登效应,在253、278、333 nm处存在正性康登效应. 轨道成份分析显示,电子跃迁所涉及的轨道均为π轨道;因此,所有的康登效应均由π→π*荷移跃迁引起. 这些结论对于深入理解尤利沙星的电子结构和手性光学性质具有一定的意义.     

左旋尤利沙星电子结构及ECD谱的理论研究

采用DFT及TD-DFT方法在B3LYP/6-311+-G**水平对左旋尤利沙星的电子结构及ECD谱进行了理论研究.研究发现,环A、环B、环C及羰基之间共轭,成刚性平面结构.电子密度拓扑分析发现,H(23)与O(19)之间存在分子内氢键;水溶液中,分子内氢键作用加强,键长缩短为0.1624 nm,键鞍点电荷密度增加为0.0581 a.u..理论研究获得的ECD谱与实验谱基本吻合.水溶液中,左旋尤利沙星在244nm处存在负性康登效应,在253、278、333 nm处存在正性康登效应.轨道成份分析显示,电子跃迁所涉及的轨道均为π轨道;因此,所有的康登效应均由π→π*荷移跃迁引起.这些结论对于深入理解尤利沙星的电子结构和手性光学性质具有一定的意义.     

过渡金属Hf_3~(2-)团簇的双重芳香性(σ与π)的理论研究

我们将芳香性概念扩展到第四副族元素铪组成的金属团簇Hf_3~(2-).运用两种密度泛函理论(B3LYP, B3PW91)和从头算方法MP2,对金属团簇Hf_3~(2-)的稳定结构与电子总能量(考虑了零点能ZPE)作了理论计算.计算的结果显示,在金属团簇Hf_3~(2-)的D_(3h)平面结构是最稳定的.并根据芳香性的平面、电子结构、核独立化学位移(NICS)、以及它们的分子轨道几个标准进行分析.分析的结果指出,2个离域化的σ电子及π电子,分别遵循4n+2电子计算规则,并且呈现出纯σ与π双芳香性.     

过渡金属Hf_3~(2-)团簇的双重芳香性(σ与π)的理论研究

我们将芳香性概念扩展到第四副族元素铪组成的金属团簇Hf_3~(2-).运用两种密度泛函理论(B3LYP,B3PW91)和从头算方法MP2,对金属团簇Hf_3~(2-)的稳定结构与电子总能量(考虑了零点能ZPE)作了理论计算.计算的结果显示,在金属团簇Hf_3~(2-)的D_(3h)平面结构是最稳定的.并根据芳香性的平面、电子结构、核独立化学位移(NICS)、以及它们的分子轨道几个标准进行分析.分析的结果指出,2个离域化的σ电子及π电子,分别遵循4n+2电子计算规则,并且呈现出纯σ与π双芳香性.     

过渡金属Hf_3~(2-)团簇的双重芳香性(σ与π)的理论研究

我们将芳香性概念扩展到第四副族元素铪组成的金属团簇Hf_3~(2-).运用两种密度泛函理论(B3LYP,B3PW91)和从头算方法MP2,对金属团簇Hf_3~(2-)的稳定结构与电子总能量(考虑了零点能ZPE)作了理论计算.计算的结果显示,在金属团簇Hf_3~(2-)的D_(3h)平面结构是最稳定的.并根据芳香性的平面、电子结构、核独立化学位移(NICS)、以及它们的分子轨道几个标准进行分析.分析的结果指出,2个离域化的σ电子及π电子,分别遵循4n+2电子计算规则,并且呈现出纯σ与π双芳香性.     

并苯纳米环[6]CA及其衍生物的电子结构和光物理性质的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论PBE0方法在6-31G(d, p) 基组水平上对比研究并六苯纳米环[6]CA及BN取代纳米环[6]CA-BN的几何结构及电子性质. 同时探讨锂离子掺杂对不同体系的芳香性、前线分子轨道、电子吸收光谱及传输性质的影响. 通过电离势、亲合势及重组能的计算, 预测纳米环体系得失电子的能力及传输性能. 结果表明:[6]CA的能隙很小, BN取代后, 能隙明显增大; 锂离子掺杂到两种纳米环中, 在不明显改变前线分子轨道分布的前提下, 几乎同步降低了最高占据轨道、 最低未占据轨道能级, 锂离子掺杂使载流子传输性能得到很大改善; 电子吸收光谱拟合发现, BN取代使吸收光谱很大程度蓝移, 吸收强度明显减小; 而锂离子掺杂对光谱的强度及吸收范围没有明显影响. 关键词： 碳纳米环 硼氮纳米环 锂离子掺杂 密度泛函理论     

Density Functional Theory Study of Mechanism of Cycloaddition Reaction Between Dimethyl-Silylene Carbene and Acetone

用密度泛函理论研究了单重态二甲基亚硅基卡宾与丙酮环加成反应的反应机理,势能面结果表明该反应有两条相互竞争的主反应通道. 反应规律为：二甲基亚硅基卡宾中的π轨道与π键化合物中π轨道的[2+2]环加成作用造成了扭曲四员环中间体和平面四员环产物的形成;平面四员环产物中卡宾C原子的不饱和性,导致了甲基迁移产物和硅杂双环化合物的生成.     

氯化四苯基铁卟啉和氯化四全氟代苯基铁卟啉的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函B3LYP／STO-3G*和B3LYP／6-31G*方法对血红素模拟物分子铁卟啉分子Fe(TPP)Cl和Fe(TPPF20)Cl进行了几何结构优化和单点能量计算,对它们的分子轨道、电荷密度和自旋密度分布做了详细分析．数据表明,有部分自旋电子由Fe原子向卟啉环转移,同时有部分自旋与Fe原子3d轨道上单电子自旋相反的电子由卟啉环向Fe原子迁移．两个铁卟啉分子的最高占有轨道结构相似,电子和自旋在卟啉环与Fe原子之间的转移是由于Fe-卟啉环间的π键和σ键相互作用引起的,氯化四全氟代苯基铁卟啉分子中的这种转移更强一些、稳定性更强一些．另外,还根据分子轨道对称性讨论了催化活化分子O2的机理．     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.