不同贮藏条件对花生种子活力的影响及其生理机制的研究

研究了花生种子含水量、贮藏温湿度、贮藏容器对花生种子活力的影响及其生理机制。结果表明,温度是影响花生种子活力及寿命的主要因素,花生种子在高温条件下贮藏活力下降快,在２０℃以内种子受环境湿度影响较小,寿命长,贮藏９～１２个月仍具有种用价值。种子含水量低贮藏寿命长,南方花生种子的安全含水量是５％ ～６％ 左右。湿度低种子贮藏寿命长,适宜的环境湿度似在５２％ 左右。研究还阐明了不同贮藏条件和种子水分对种子生理代谢的影响及与种子活力的关系,为春花生种子妥善贮藏提供了依据。     

芝麻种子超干贮藏研究

选用豫芝四号种子为材料，将不同含水量的种子分别密封在室温（20－25℃）和低温（5℃）下贮藏12个月，在室内水分平衡后测定种子的生活力和活力，结果表明，室温下适当干燥能使芝麻种子保持较高活力水平，种子含水量存在一个超干水平临界值，室温贮藏时为3．78％，低温贮藏时为6．01％。     

水稻种子在不同气候区室温贮藏的适宜含水量及存活特性

 将不同含水量水平的两个水稻品种幸实(粳稻)和桂朝2号(籼稻)分别贮藏在三亚、南昌、北京、西宁、乌鲁木齐和哈尔滨等6个不同气候类型地区。通过11年的逐年生活力测定,研究了水稻种子室温贮藏的适宜含水量及其存活特性。结果表明,水稻种子经适当干燥后其生活力和活力没有显著下降。但当种子含水量在30％以下时种子的生活力和活力受到影响。获得了水稻种子在三亚、南昌室温贮藏时（贮藏温度不是恒定的）的适宜含水量,且适宜含水量50％~65％具有地域的广适性。相对于其他含水量,适宜含水量种子在贮藏过程中,其生活力快速下降阶段推迟,且适宜含水量上限和极差与贮藏地点年均温和≥0℃积温呈显著或极显著负相关,且适宜含水量下限与之呈显著或极显著正相关。种子在年均温度相同的西宁和乌鲁木齐的贮藏效果不同,≥0℃积温和气候温差波动的差值可能是其主要影响因素。     

油菜种子超干燥保存的最佳含水量研究

对5℃、25℃和35℃条件下保存6个月或12月的油菜种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、电导率和脱氢酶活性研究显示，油菜种子在不同温度条件下有不同的最佳含水量范围，最佳含水量可随保存温度下降而上升，35℃、25℃和5℃条件下油菜种子最佳含水量分别为4．0％－5．4％、4．0％－6．3％和7．5％以上。推荐油菜种子5－35℃超干燥保存的实用含水量为4％－5％。     

超干贮藏黄麻种子后代产量与农艺性状分析

３个圆果黄麻品种用干燥器贮藏０．５年，５年，１２年，含水量分别为２．０５％，１．７５％，１．３７％。不同贮藏年份种子的后代，其原麻产量和生育期，株高，分叉高，茎粗，鲜皮厚等主要农艺性状差异不显著，不同品种表现一致，说明黄麻种子超干燥贮藏未引起遗传稳定性的变化。     

国内报刊花生文摘(83011—83020)

83011 花生种子劣变中超微结构的研究 傅家瑞 李卓杰 蔡东燕 《植物生理学报》1983,9卷,1,93—101 花生粤油551种子采收后,分别贮藏在相对湿度15％、32％、75％和90％中经100天后,种子含水量分别达到2.7％、4.4％、8.3％和12.7％,以其中发芽率低于30％的作为低活力的材料,另用新采收的种子(经充分晒干)作为高活力的对照材料。种子吸水后,经不同吸胀时间,将     

花生种子带青枯病菌对传播青枯病的影响

从我国花生主要产区广东、湖北两省的花生青枯病病株的荚果种子中分离出了花生青枯病菌,病株种子带菌率为5％。采用人工接种花生种子的方法证明花生种子所带病菌的存活力与其含水量有着密切的关系,当种子含水量下降时,病菌的生存力也随之降低。当花生种子含水量降到8.9％时青枯病菌失去了在花生体内的生存能力。表明在播种时花生种子含水量在8.9％以上,则病菌在种子体内仍可存活,并有传播病害的能力。若在花生收获后使含水量控制在8.9％以下,有可能防止带菌种子对青枯菌的传播。     

一种简易的花生贮藏方法

以珍珠豆型花生品种狮选3号为材料，用生石灰作干燥剂，瓦罐及木箱和保存容器，通过3年观察其含水量，发芽率，发芽势的变化，找到一种简单，价廉的花生种子贮藏方法。     

机械脱壳对花生种子贮藏的影响

带壳、手工脱壳和机械脱壳的花生种子贮藏在不同条件下直至四十八个星期。除了贮藏在摄氏五度,相对湿度百分之四十条件下外机械脱壳的花生种子发芽率均比手工脱壳或是带壳种子显著降低。没有确证荚果本身防止种子的变质率。 这些资料表明:如果不是低温干燥贮藏,花生种子应该带壳贮藏到播种前4—6周比较有利。     

黄麻种质资源贮藏活力与植株性状的观察

１９６８年采收的２６１份黄麻资源种子，在实验室常温条件下，用干燥器密闭贮藏，其中长果种４９份，圆果种２１２份。１９８９年测定结果表明，发芽率８１％以上的品种份数，占贮藏总份数的６３．２％，发芽率６１—８０％的占２２．２％，发芽率６０％以下的占１４．６％。１９９１—１９９２两年种植贮藏的长、圆果种共１２份，没有观察到生育特性、植株形态和单株生产力的明显变化。１９９３年４月测定１１份长、圆果种品种的种子含水量范围为２．９１—４．６４％，有９份品种的发芽率达９０％以上，表明黄麻种质资源贮藏在内放干燥剂的干燥器内是安全的。     

利用大豆硬实种子保存大豆种质的研究

大豆硬实种子与正常种子在室温下保存,正常种子２年左右的时间即失去生命力,硬实种子保存４年发芽率仍在９０％以上。硬实种子的后代与正常种子后代性状一致,说明硬实种子未发生遗传变异。这种便硬实种子在大豆种质保存中应用成为可能。     

Storage of true seeds of potatoes for 25 years

Summary Three samples of seeds stored in sealed glass tubes and kept at +5°C have retained their viability for 25 years. Two other samples, however, had a low germination percentage, particularly 26 year old seed which had been kept at room temperature for about 11/2 years before being placed at 5°C.     

Long‐term storage of forage legumes greatly alters the hard seed breakdown pattern in situ

Knowledge of the hard seed content of annual legumes, and its pattern of breakdown, is critical to the understanding of their ecology and management within farming and natural ecosystems. For logistical reasons, seed that has been stored for varying lengths of time is often used for pasture establishment and agronomy experiments. However, the implications of storage on hard seed physiology are unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of seed storage on its subsequent pattern of hard seed breakdown when exposed to field conditions. Experiments examined seed from six different annual legume cultivars that had been either produced the prior year or stored under ambient conditions for 11–22 years. Comparisons were then made between the two seed sources on hard seed breakdown patterns in situ. Although initial hard seed levels were mostly unaffected by storage (seed of five cultivars remained over 93% hard after more than 11 years of storage), the patterns of release from dormancy during exposure to hard seed breakdown conditions of stored seed differed greatly (p < .05) from freshly produced seed. Hard seed in the stored seed of most cultivars was reduced from >90% to <10% within 68 days over autumn, with shallow burial, whereas fresh seed remained >90% hard during the same period. Given this large and consistent impact, it is recommended that studies of the patterns of hard seed breakdown in legumes compare seed stored under consistent and well‐defined conditions.     

马铃薯实生种子活力的研究

本试验以贮藏不同年限的马铃薯实生种子为材料,对其活力和反映活力状况的若干生态和生理生化指标进行了研究,从种子活力的角度测定了种子的实用价值。主要结果是:马铃薯实生种子随着贮藏年限的延长,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数渐趋降低,幼苗生长速度减慢;砂培出苗率和出苗整齐度比普通发芽试验的发芽率和发芽势更能确切地反映种子的活力;随着种子活力的下降,其内部的脂肪酸价升高,种子浸出液的相对电导率增大;活力高的实生种子,其过氧化物酶同工酶酶带较活力低的实生种子数量多,颜色深,酯酶同工酶亦有相似的结果;同薯8号和克疫两品种的实生种子活力下降的速度不同,前者慢、后者快;马铃薯实生种子在一般室内温湿度贮藏条件下,经8年或更长时间贮藏后,仍具有种用价值,可作播种材料;马铃薯实生种子活力的测定,采用活力指数或发芽指数较其它生态指标更具有适用性和可靠性。脂肪酸价和相对电导率作为活力测定的生理生化指标对劣变速度快的实生种子是灵敏而适用的。     

Influence of different storage conditions on quality characteristics of seed material from semi‐natural grassland

Neither methodology nor guidelines are available for defining quality characteristics and storage conditions of seed material harvested from semi‐natural grassland. Seeds from an Arrhenatherion meadow were harvested via on‐site threshing and seed stripping. After determination of purity, thousand seed weight and pre‐tests in a phytotron, germination‐capacity trials were carried out in a greenhouse. The harvested seed material was stored for up to 3 years under different conditions: (i) room temperature 18–23°C, (ii) cooling chamber (2–5°C with 40–50% humidity) and (iii) freezer (?18°C). There was a significant impact of the tested harvesting methods on seed separation, thousand seed weight and purity, but not on the germination capacity. Different storage conditions and storage length significantly influenced the germination capacity. There were also generally higher germination values for the seed‐stripping material than the on‐site threshing material (ca. 70 and 60%, respectively, in the first year). Germination capacity decreased significantly with time and was <15% after 3 years. We conclude that harvested seed material from semi‐natural grassland should preferably be stored under cool conditions and used within 2 years.     

花生单粒种子脂肪酸含量的气谱快速无损测定(英文)

描述了一种利用5～20mg花生种子组织测定花生8种脂肪酸的方法。于室温下制备用于色谱分析的样品耗时35min,气相色谱分析则需要18min。研究结果证实,本法准确性高,重复性较好,可满足花生遗传育种研究中对种子无损取样及基因聚合育种需要,将为花生脂肪酸成分的遗传改良提供便利。     

THE VIABILITY OVER A PERIOD OF FIFTEEN YEARS OF SEVERELY DRIED RYEGRASS SEED

Perennial ryegrass seed was dried at temperatures from 50°C to 120°C, the increases of 10°C being made regularly at intervals of 3 hours. The figures for germination capacity obtained immediately after treatment indicated that a lethal zone had been reached with final temperatures above 100°C and moisture contents reduced to 0.09 and 0.00 per cent.
It was shown that heat drying to as low as 0.66 per cent moisture at a final temperature of 100°C for 3 hours does not injure the germination capacity over a period of seven years, but after 15 years a greater loss in viability appears than in seed treated less severely. Germination energy figures (6-days' test) rather than germination capacity are a more reliable guide to optimum temperatures, duration of heating, and moisture content in the drying of seed for long-period storage.
The most favourable treatment in this series was found to be heating the seed gradually to a maximum temperature of 90°C for 3 hours with a reduction of moisture content to 1.62 per cent. Seed thus treated showed 81 per cent germination after 15 years; for the last eight years the bottles were stored in a cold room, after replacing the air in them with nitrogen.     

Seed quality as affected by nitrogen during true potato seed production and moisture conditions during storage

The objective was to investigate the effects of moisture conditions in storage at 21 C (± 3) on true potato seed (TPS) germination and seedling vigor. The influence of supplemental nitrogen (N) during seed production on these effects was also studied. One set of TPS was stored exposed to ambient humid (> 80% RH) air; the other was stored dry (sealed with silica gel). Germination tests were performed at 7, 11, and 14 months of seed storage. Seedling vigor tests were made at 14, 20, and 23 months. The rate of germination was mostly affected by the moisture conditions during storage. Seed stored dry germinated faster than TPS stored in humid ambient air. The rate of germination increased with time in storage and the percentage of germination was always high (≥ 95%) in dry seed produced with high N. Seedling vigor was mostly affected by N treatments during seed production. High-N seed had a much higher rate and percentage of emergence and seedling dry-weight levels than low-N seed, particularly when stored dry. Seedling vigor criteria decreased with time in storage in low-N seed; in high-N seed, the rate of emergence increased and the percentage of emergence was always high (≥ 95%). In conclusion, the TPS should be produced with high N and stored dry for sowing under unfavorable conditions.     

马铃薯实生种子超弱发光规律的初步研究

本文对马铃薯实生种子的超弱发光规律进行了初步研究，结果发现；不同品种的风干种子及其浸种过程中的超弱发先均有差异，综合特性好的品种其种子的发光强度高。在浸种初期种子的发光强度最高，在１２小时内，随着浸种时间的延长，发光强度逐渐降低。萌发９６小时左右时的种子，研磨粉碎后提取液的发光强度与种子的储藏年限成反比。