天基望远镜探测器组件热电制冷系统设计与试验

天基空间望远镜探测器必须采用主动制冷方式以满足其噪声抑制需求.为此,采用热电制冷为核心技术,开展了探测器热电制冷器封装设计、热电制冷器热排散系统设计、热电制冷控制系统设计,并从抑制寄生漏热、降低热电制冷器热排散路径热阻两方面进行了优化,以减小热电制冷器输入功率及辐射散热面积.根据帕尔帖效应、焦耳效应、傅里叶效应,获得了净制冷量、热端散热热阻、热端边界温度等环境特性参数与热电制冷器输入电流、电压、功率等工作特性参数间的关系,并分析了制冷热负荷、热端散热热阻与热电制冷器输入功率间的敏感度.研制了望远镜鉴定产品,并开展了真空热平衡试验.试验结果表明系统设计合理有效,能够将探测器制冷至-75℃温度水平,稳定度可达到±0.2℃.基于环境条件及热电制冷器工作参数等试验数据,对比并修正了热分析模型.研究结果可为类似空间望远镜热电制冷系统的研制提供参考和借鉴.     

热驱动液态金属芯片散热器的功率特性

为解决高集成度计算机芯片、光电器件等引发的热障问题并降低能耗,本文基于前期研究基础,试验探索不同加热功率下基于芯片自身发热量来驱动液态金属循环,从而达到冷却芯片的方案.分析表明,该方法能有效降低芯片表面与环境之间的热阻.试验显示,热量通过热电片转化的电能,驱动液态金属电磁泵,并且在未设置风扇的情况下实现了50W的散热量;而且,加热功率越高,热电片产生电流越大,从而驱动力越强.这种热驱动型液态金属芯片散热器是一种完全静音、自适应、无需外部能苗输入的先进芯片散热器.     

结冰环境热合成双射流激励器工作特性数值研究

为研究结冰环境中热合成双射流激励器工作特性,采用离散相模型(discrete phase model,DPM),结合动网格方法,数值研究了结冰环境中来流速度、液滴含量、液滴直径对激励器工作特性的影响.结果表明,来流速度较小时,双射流激励器出口形成热合成射流融合区,由于热射流的加热作用,温度较高,环境中的过冷液滴难以进入...     

低频热驱动气–液耦合热声制冷系统数值模拟研究

提出了一种低频热驱动气–液耦合热声制冷系统,通过数值模拟优化了该系统的结构参数并对其热力性能进行了数值模拟分析。首先,分别对系统关键参数的沿程分布和各部件的?损失进行了分析;然后,探究了不同压力下液体质量对系统热力学参数的影响;最后,与传统热声制冷系统进行了对比。结果表明,气液耦合热声制冷系统可以有效地提升系统的压比、制冷量、COP和相对卡诺效率,降低系统的起振温度和频率。在加热温度300℃,制冷温度15℃,环境温度50℃,平均压力10 MPa时,气液耦合热声制冷系统制冷量为31.12 k W,是传统热声系统理论值的4倍,COP和相对卡诺效率相对于传统热声制冷系统的理论值分别提升了13%和25.9%。     

50 K温区热声驱动脉管制冷

开展了采用声压放大器结构的驻波型热声发动机驱动单级双向进气型脉管制冷机实验研究,考察了声压放大器长度对热声驱动脉管制冷特性的影响.经过实验优化,采用长度3.7 m、直径8 mm的声压放大器,在2.0 kW加热功率条件下,实现1.196的压比,制冷温度达到54.5 K.     

热驱动室温行波热声制冷机的实验研究

本文报道了热声驱动的室温行波热声制冷机的实验研究。以氦气为工质研究了平均充气压力、工作频率等参数对制冷性能的影响。实验达到的最好结果为:最低温度为-47℃,在-20℃的制冷量为80W,按输入制冷机的P-V功计算,相应的制冷系数COP达到1.6左右。     

热声制冷的实验研究

自行研制了热声驱动脉管制冷机实验台,着重研究了加热温度、平均工作压力、小孔开度、工质各类等因素对脉管制冷机性能的影响。初步实验表明,以氮、氦及氦和氩混合物（氦占94％）作工质,分别获得了234.5K、179K及165K的无负荷制冷温度,此外,本文还指出了进一步改进方向,具有一定参考价值。     

高效微射流阵列冷却热沉传热特性

微射流阵列冷却热沉是利用射流冲击在驻点区能产生很薄的边界层来提高换热效率,本次研究设计的热沉是5层结构的模块式铜微射流阵列冷却热沉,以去离子水为工质对传热特性进行了实验研究.结果表明,采用微射流阵列冷却不仅能通过增加驻点数目来强化换热,而且能有效地降低换热表面的温差.热沉的热阻会随着泵功的增加而降低;随着泵功的不断提高,热阻变化趋于平缓.     

直线电机驱动热压缩机数值模拟及实验研究

提出了一种利用活塞与气缸间间隙充当回热器的热压缩机系统,利用编制的程序,分析了充气压力,加热温度.余隙容积、活塞与气缸之间间隙.工质等对直线电机驱动的热压缩机系统性能的影响.研制了直线电机样机驱动热压缩机样机并进行了系统实验研究,得到了阻力元件、活塞与气缸壁壁间隙、热端加热温度对冷腔和热腔内压力峰-峰值的影响,表明He...     

400W行波热声发电系统的实验研究

本文阐述了为太阳能发电系统设计的400 W行波热声发电系统(TWTAEG)的实验研究过程.实验系统由行波热声发动机和直线发电机组成,系统采用平均压力为3.5 MPa的氦-氩混合气体为工质,其中氩气分压比为1.4%,系统运行频率为74Hz.实验中最大输出电功为446 W,此时的热电效率为13%;在输出电功为416 W时热...     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.