CsCl对Ge23Se67Sb10红外玻璃组织和性能的影响

采用DSC、XRD、SEM、FT-IR、维氏显微硬度计和阿基米德法研究了CsCl对Ge23Se67Sb10玻璃特征温度、微观组织,红外透过率、显微硬度和密度的影响规律。研究结果发现,向Ge23Se67Sb10玻璃中加入CsCl,可在玻璃基体中析出GeSe2和Sb2Se3晶体相,析晶相的尺寸随CsCl含量的增加而增大;随着CsCl含量的增加,试样的特征温度降低、密度减小、红外透过率下降;Ge23Se67Sb10玻璃的显微硬度随CsCl含量的增加具有先增大后减小的规律,CsCl含量为2%时,显微硬度达到了208MPa,比基体玻璃提高了近16%。     

冷却方式对硫系玻璃性能的影响

通过DSC、XRD、SEM、FT-IR和显微硬度测试等分析手段,研究了冷却方式对99.75Ge23Se67Sb10-0.25RbI玻璃组织、热稳定性以及光学和力学等性能的影响。结果表明,采用空冷制得的试样在8~12μm波段红外透过率达70%以上,高于水冷试样(64%),但由于空冷冷速慢,氢在硒中的固溶度大,导致杂质吸收也大于水冷试样;空冷试样在280℃热处理20h可从XRD检测发现明显Sb2Se3和GeSe2的结晶峰,而水冷试样在300℃热处理20h后才能检测到结晶峰;经过热处理,水冷试样的最大KIC值可达到0.414 MPa·m1/2,较未热处理值提高了26%,且高于空冷试样的最大KIC(0.368 MPa·m1/2),因此,水冷试样高温稳定性好,断裂韧性较大,更适合用作微晶化硫系红外玻璃。     

Fe3+离子敏感Ge-Sb-Se-Fe系薄膜的真空热蒸发制备研究

本文通过在低温下烧结靶材,利用电子束蒸发方法制备了Ge/Sb/Se/Fe比例可控的Fe3 离子敏感Ge-Sb-Se-Fe系薄膜.用XRD和PHS-9V型酸度计研究薄膜的结构和性能.研究表明薄膜的Fe3 离子敏感性能为(50.375±4.125) mV/十倍浓度,线性响应Fe3 浓度范围(10-2～10-6) mol/L.     

稳定化预热处理对C/SiCN蠕变行为的影响

研究了碳纤维增强SiCN陶瓷基复合材料(C/SiCN)在真空中的拉伸蠕变行为,通过对比预热处理和未热处理的两类C/SiCN的蠕变激活能,分析了预热处理的稳定化效果,并采用X射线衍射研究了C/SiCN的蠕变相变行为。结果表明,预热处理促进了非晶SiCN基体的结晶,能明显提升C/SiCN的蠕变激活能(Q),未热处理C/SiCN的Q=51kJ/mol,而热处理后试样的Q=72kJ/mol。恒定蠕变应力能明显促进非晶SiCN基体的结晶。     

Ge2Sb2Te5相变存储器导电机制研究

本文研究了Ge2 Sb2 Te5相变存储器的导电机制.本文考虑了实验中观察到的场致激活能的非线性下降以及结晶化后跳跃间距变大带来的影响,提出了一种有效导带底偏移模型,并在此基础上建立了修正的电流模型.计算结果表明,激活能随电压增加呈双曲余切的下降趋势,符合测量结果.该模型还包含了温度效应,结果表明跳跃间距与温度成反比....     

Sb对GeSbxSe7-x硫系玻璃的结构和物性的影响

采用熔融-淬冷法制备了GeSb_xSe_7-x (x = 0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6、2.0)系列硫系玻璃, 并系统地研究了Sb对玻璃结构和物理性能的影响。拉曼光谱测试结果显示, 随着Sb含量增加, 玻璃结构逐渐从由Se链或Se环主导转变为由交联的SbSe_3/2三角锥结构单元和GeSe_4/2四面体结构单元主导, 玻璃网络交联程度增加。同时, 玻璃的转变温度、密度、弹性模量和折射率都随着Sb含量的增加而增大。透过光谱研究表明, 随着Sb逐渐替换Se原子, 光学带隙逐步减小。     

Nd2Fe14B/(α-Fe,Fe3B)复合纳米晶的生长动力学研究

采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)研究了Fe-Co-Nd-Dy-B非晶合金晶化过程中α-Fe、Fe3B纳米晶的生长动力学.根据纳米晶生长达到稳定状态所需的时间常数tE与退火温度Ta的关系,计算了α-Fe和Fe3B纳米晶的生长激活能为Egα-Fe=95±2 kJ/mol和E Fe3B=133±13 kJ/mol.该值远小于α-Fe和Fe3B两相的表观晶化激活能Ecα-Fe=555 kJ/mol和EcFe3B=481 kJ/mol.这表明Fe-Co-Nd-Dy-B非晶合金晶化过程中α-Fe和Fe3B纳米晶的形成主要由成核所控制.     

声子模式与电子-声子结合强度对Dy3＋掺杂硒化物玻璃荧光效率的影响

用熔融-淬冷法制备了无稀土掺杂与Dy3 (0.04m01%)掺杂Ge30Ga5Ses5和0.9Ge30Ga5Se65 0.1CsBr玻璃样品.采用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了0.9Ge30GasSe65 0.1CsBr玻璃样品中Dy3 跃迁的强度系数、自发辐射几率与荧光分支比.为了研究多声子弛豫(MPR)随温度的变化,测试了Dy抖的6H11/2能级在20～300K温度范围内的荧光寿命,分析了Ge30Ga5Se65玻璃中声子模式与电子-声子结合强度对Dy3 1.72μm处荧光强度和效率的影响.在硒化物玻璃中引入CsBr使玻璃中形成了Ga-Br键,有效声子能量降低到268cm-1.通过计算得到Ge30Ga5Se65与0.9GeaoGa5Se65 0.1CsBr样品的电子-声子结合强度分别为0.456与0.048.CsBr的引入降低了电子-声子结合强度.声子模式与电子-声子结合强度的改变决定了MPR的变化.     

CoNbZr非晶软磁薄膜晶化动力学研究

采用 DSC热分析技术,结合 XRD、TEM和AFM实验,对磁控溅射制备的 Co85.5Nb8.9Zr5.6非晶合金软磁薄膜进行了变温和等温晶化动力学的研究。研究结果表明:升温晶化时,薄膜的晶化的表观激活能为99.82kJ/mol;局域激活能随晶化度增加;在等温晶化过程中,平均激活能为 88. 51kJ/mol, Avrami 指数1.17~1.39, 晶化行为主要是一维表面晶化,晶核长大受扩散控制的过程。     

低频脉冲磁场处理非晶Fe78Si9B13合金纳米晶化的DSC研究

用低频脉冲磁场处理非晶Fe78Si9B13合金,采用差示扫描热分析(DSC)的方法测定了不同升温速率下非晶Fe78Si9B13合金的DSC曲线,利用Kissinger方程计算出了晶化过程的激活能.结果表明,晶化激活能由处理前的433.6kJ/mol降到200kJ/mol以下,提高了晶核形核速率,抑制了晶核长大速率,从而实现了非晶合金的低温纳米晶化.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...