环境磁场对磁记忆检测信号的影响

通过对一铁磁性试件进行磁记忆检测实验,选择手机信号作为干扰源,研究不同环境磁场下试件磁记忆检测信号的变化情况.同时,对试验过程中的环境磁场对磁场强度变化的影响进行了机理分析.研究结果表明:对不同程度的环境磁场干扰,检测得到的试件磁记忆信号差别显著;周围有放置手机但不通话时,环境磁场的干扰程度不大;随着周围环境的通话手机数量逐渐增多,环境磁场的干扰程度不断加大直至足以影响检测精度.     

有关大地磁场对金属磁记忆信号影响的数值模拟

利用ANSYS有限元模拟软件,结合力-磁耦合关系,分别模拟三种放置方式下,试件沿轴转动时初始状态和屈服后的法向和切向磁信号.对比得出以下结论:首先,当地磁场与试件加载方向不平行或与检测面出现夹角时,法向磁信号相比切向磁信号更为准确.地磁场方向对屈服后试件的影响要比初始状态大,尤其在缺陷附近应力集中区域.其次,当试件不是正南正北放置,而是东西放置或者与地磁场存在一定夹角时,按原来方向的法向和切向信号判断试件应力集中将不再准确,因此找到此时磁场方向下试件表面的法向和切向磁信号是做出准确检测的前提条件.另外,当大地磁场完全垂直于试件表面时,无论切向还是法向磁信号都基本为一直线,只有在缺陷处有些许变化,原来过零点和极大值的现象都不再出现.所以在实际工程中,要尽可能避免试件检测面与大地磁场完全垂直,否则以法向信号过零点和切向信号极大值为依据的经验判断方法将不再适用.     

25CrMo4合金结构钢的力—磁效应

为了实现磁记忆检测技术在列车轮对检测方面的应用,需要对轮对所用材料的力—磁效应进行研究。以25CrMo4合金结构钢为例,对其板状试件进行准静态拉伸,通过专用的磁记忆信号采集仪器记录板件在不同载荷下的磁记忆信号,提取各载荷下的信号的常用信号特征,分析了其应力与磁记忆信号的关系。实验结果表明,随着载荷的增加,磁记忆信号随着实验试件的载荷增加而有较大影响。     

拉应力对不同厚度Q345钢磁记忆信号的影响

为明确磁记忆信号与拉应力之间的对应关系和几何尺寸对试件表面磁场的影响,对Q345低合金钢不同厚度板状试件进行静载拉伸实验.利用TSC-1M-4型磁检测仪,研究3种厚度的光滑试件表面磁记忆信号在不同拉应力下的变化规律.结果表明:弹性阶段磁记忆信号与拉应力之间有较好的相关性,塑性阶段两者相关性较弱;切向磁记忆信号对试件局部屈服的表征比法向磁记忆信号更敏感,利用切向磁场的畸变性可预判试件的早期塑性变形和应力集中区;同一应力水平下,试件表面磁场强度随厚度增加而减小,但不影响其变化规律.     

拉伸实验中的金属磁记忆信号总体特征研究

为了确定构件承载应力与金属磁记忆信号之间关系,以推进金属磁记忆法在构件检测中的应用,制备了不同尺寸和结构的拉伸试件,在试件承受不同拉伸载荷的情况下,进行了金属磁记忆检测,分析了金属磁记忆信号的总体特征Deta.研究表明:Deta作为金属磁记忆检测信号的特征量可以描述构件承载水平的高低;随着构件承载增加,Deta将逐渐减小,在达到材料屈服极限后,Deta保持在一定水平波动;对应材料X70屈服极限的Deta值是79.27A/m,高于该值时,X70构件是安全的.     

基于磁记忆的钢梁弯曲应力表征技术研究

金属磁记忆检测技术是一种新型的无损检测技术.通过对Q235B工字钢梁试件进行四点受弯试验,分析其表面的磁记忆信号,发现:试件翼缘的磁记忆信号曲线形状与对应的弯矩图相似,均在纯弯段相等,在两端弯剪段近似呈线性分布;在剪应力突变处,磁记忆信号梯度K值"过零点"且出现正负突变现象;试件腹板的磁记忆信号在荷载作用点处呈峰值,磁记忆信号梯度出现峰-峰值K_(max)且过零点;不同的变形阶段,磁记忆信号与应力表现出相似的变化趋势.     

高载旋转弯曲疲劳损伤的磁记忆检测

为寻找高载旋转弯曲疲劳破坏前的特征信号,基于磁机械效应及磁场叠加原理进行理论研究,在此基础上,对带环形缺陷的45号钢试件进行高载旋转弯曲疲劳试验,研究疲劳过程中试件表面的磁信号的法向分量的分布变化.理论分析表明,疲劳裂纹附近的磁信号分布随裂纹扩展而变化.实验结果显示在进入裂纹快速扩展前后,缺口两边的磁信号大小顺序发生变化;名义应力及应力集中系数、环境磁场和提离值影响检测效果,但有对应的解决方法.磁记忆技术用于高载旋转弯曲疲劳损伤检测是可行的.     

基于磁记忆弱漏磁效应的钢绞线腐蚀检测

拉索腐蚀一直是桥梁工程亟待解决的难题,目前钢绞线腐蚀已成为影响拉索健康运行的关键因素.为有效检测钢绞线拉索腐蚀,将磁记忆无损检测技术引入到钢绞线拉索腐蚀检测中,通过试验分析钢绞线腐蚀磁记忆漏磁信号分布变化特征,构建基于磁记忆信号特征的钢绞线腐蚀度判别准则.结果表明,钢绞线试件发生腐蚀后,漏磁信号发生明显突变,在腐蚀中间区域漏磁信号切向分量出现极小值,且极值与试件腐蚀程度之间呈Boltzmann分布;随着磁测传感器提离值的增大,钢绞线试件腐蚀漏磁信号急剧下降,提离值的轻微差异,可造成漏磁信号切向分量极值产生较大波动.     

金属磁记忆检测技术机理模型

研究了铁磁构件在应力和地磁场共同作用下的磁记忆检测机理,从磁记忆的原理出发,根据铁磁材料所具有的自发磁化和磁畴的特点以及磁的产生机制,提出一种新的磁记忆检测技术的机理模型.以此模型为基础,得出试件表面所测得的磁场是缺陷处产生的漏磁场、试件本身感应磁场以及环境磁场矢量叠加的结果,并以矩形槽为例用matlab对磁场进行了仿真,很好的解释了磁记忆检测过程中的现象.     

钢箱梁竖向波纹腹板剪力与磁记忆场强关系的试验研究

金属磁记忆检测技术是一种新型的无损检测技术,其原理是基于铁磁构件表面产生的漏磁场进行检测.通过Q345qC波纹腹板钢箱梁的四点受弯试验,分析了竖向腹板表面的磁记忆信号沿梁高度方向的变化规律,发现在波纹腹板表面磁记忆信号曲线上,竖向集中力加载位置出现磁记忆场强"波峰"极值,且随着荷载的增大,"波峰"幅值越高,应力集中程度增大;试件失稳时,磁记忆信号发生正负突变,以此可作为试件失稳时的评判特征;随着检测线离集中力加载位置越远,"波峰"幅值越低;随着标定高度的增大,磁记忆信号减小;沿腹板高度方向区域平均磁记忆信号变化率与腹板高度无关,而主要与两个因素有关:其一是纯弯段或弯剪段区域位置,其二是施加的荷载大小;弯剪段区域的绝对值随荷载的增加先增大后减小,磁记忆信号平均变化速率存在阈值.     

塑性变形条件下拉伸构件的磁记忆效应

通过对经退磁处理的光滑和切口试件在不同程度拉伸变形下的在线磁信号的测量,研究了塑性变形对磁记忆效应的影响.光滑试件在弹性和均匀塑性流动阶段磁场分布近似为斜直线,仅到颈缩后才在应力集中部位产生明显的磁场畸变;切口试件在屈服以后即出现畸变特征,基于位错理论分析了异常波波高增加的原因,利用磁信号水平线图可定性判断应力集中区破...     

钢丝绳动载荷疲劳时的磁记忆信号研究

建立了模拟钢丝绳动载荷疲劳的实际工作状态的实验装置,确定了钢丝绳上三个检测段.通过磁记忆检测方法检测不同检测段的磁场分布,然后对发生疲劳断裂的检测段的磁场强度变化进行分析,从而得到钢丝绳动疲劳时磁记忆信号的特点.     

Metal magnetic memory testing for early damage assessment in ferromagnetic materials

In order to investigate the physical mechanism of metal magnetic memory testing, both the influences of earth magnetic field and applied stress on magnetic domain structure were discussed. Static tension and fatigue tests for low carbon steel plate specimens were carried out on hydraulic servo testing machine of MTS810 type and magnetic signals were measured during the processes by the type of EMS-2003 instrument. The results indicate that the initial magnetic signals of specimens are different before loading. The magnetic signals curves are transformed from initial random to regular pattern due to the effect of two types of loads. However, the shape and distribution of magnetic signal curves in the elastic region are different from that of plastic region in tension test. While in fatigue test those magnetic signals curves corresponding to different cycles are similar. The Hp (y) value of magnetic signals on the fracture zone increases dramatically at the breaking transient time and positive-negative magnetic poles occur on the two parts of fracture zone.     

Metal magnetic memory testing for early damage assessment in ferromagnetic materials

In order to investigate the physical mechanism of metal magnetic memory testing, both the influences of earth magnetic field and applied stress on magnetic domain structure were discussed. Static tension and fatigue tests for low carbon steel plate specimens were carried out on hydraulic servo testing machine of MTS810 type and magnetic signals were measured during the processes by the type of EMS-2003 instrument. The results indicate that the initial magnetic signals of specimens are different before loading. The magnetic signals curves are transformed from initial random to regular pattern due to the effect of two types of loads. However, the shape and distribution of magnetic signal curves in the elastic region are different from that of plastic region in tension test. While in fatigue test those magnetic signals curves corresponding to different cycles are similar. The H _p(y) value of magnetic signals on the fracture zone increases dramatically at the breaking transient time and positive-negative magnetic poles occur on the two parts of fracture zone. Foundation item: Project(50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Characteristics of magnetic memory signals for medium carbon steel under static tensile conditions

To test the magnetic signals leaked from the surface of specimens during loading, the experiments of the static tensile of medium carbon 45^# steel were carried out. The results show that the magnetic field strength values rapidly vary when the load began, and the curves of the magnetic field strength change from irregularity to regularity with the increase of the load. Furthermore, by comparing with the state of on-line testing, it is found that the magnetic signals of out-of-line testing has more practicability. In the course of loading, though the dots of passing zero of the magnetic field strength continually changed their positions and quantities, the last rupture places were always approached by the dots of passing zero since the elastic loading phase. Some certain relations should exist between external stress and changing of magnetic signals inside the material, and correlative explanation is made based on dislocation theory and the mechanism of magnetic domain action, which provides the basis for further research of magnetic memory. Foundation item: Project(50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

外磁场激励下管道弱磁应力内检测特性研究

弱磁应力检测技术支持非接触在线应力损伤检测,在长输油气管道应力内检测技术领域具有巨大的应用潜力。但弱磁信号微弱,易受外界环境干扰,检测结果易出现偏差。为加强弱磁信号的检测能力,基于铁磁材料的微观特性,建立了外磁场弱磁应力检测模型,获得了弱磁信号强度随外磁场强度与施加应力的变化规律,描述了外磁场对弱磁应力检测信号的激励特性,并进行了系统的实验研究。结果表明,弱磁信号的切向峰值与法向零点均位于应力集中区的中心位置,且不随应力与外磁场的变化而发生波动;弱磁信号切向峰值与法向峰峰值随外磁场与应力的增加而增大;外磁场对弱磁应力检测信号的激励作用随外磁场的增加先增大后减小。     

Application of empirical mode decomposition in early diagnosis of magnetic memory signal

In order to eliminate noise interference of metal magnetic memory signal in early diagnosis of stress concentration zones and metal defects, the empirical mode decomposition method combined with the magnetic field gradient characteristic was proposed. A compressive force periodically acting upon a casing pipe led to appreciable deformation, and magnetic signals were measured by a magnetic indicator TSC-1M-4. The raw magnetic memory signal was first decomposed into different intrinsic mode functions and a residue, and the magnetic field gradient distribution of the subsequent reconstructed signal was obtained. The experimental results show that the gradient around 350 mm represents the maximum value ignoring the marginal effect, and there is a good correlation between the real maximum field gradient and the stress concentration zone. The wavelet transform associated with envelop analysis also exhibits this gradient characteristic, indicating that the proposed method is effective for early identifying critical zones.     

磁法勘探中确定磁场背景值方法的探讨

在地质矿产勘查中,高精度磁法测量方法以其工作效率高,勘探精度大,磁异常的可读性强等优点而被广泛使用。在高精度磁法测量工作中,磁场背景值的确定至关重要,直接影响到磁异常的划分和磁测成果的好坏。因此,重点讨论了求解磁场背景值的三种方法,并以延边小回屯地区为例,进行了实际应用对比。     

表面缺陷开放磁路检测原理与方法

在分析现有表面缺陷检测方法特点的基础上，提出了开放磁路检测原理与方法．在磁铁与试样之间构建一个开放磁场，试样表面存在缺陷时，会引起开放磁场分布的变化，通过传感器获得磁场的变化以获得试样表面缺陷的相关信息．详细研究了开放磁路特征参数对检测信号的影响以及盲孔检测时的量化特征．由于该检测方法对磁化强度基本上没有要求，从而有更广泛的应用．