C-kit在卵巢早衰大鼠卵巢中的变化

目的探讨抗肿瘤药物环磷酰胺对大鼠卵巢中c-kit表达的影响,为卵巢早衰的发病机制及临床治疗的研究提供参考依据。方法选用20只10周龄具有正常动情周期的SD大鼠随机分为2组:实验组采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺负荷计量50 mg/kg后以8 mg~(-1)·kg·d~(-1)的维持计量连续注射14 d;对照组注射0.9%的生理盐水。应用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、免疫组织化学技术,观察卵巢形态学变化、c-kit在各级卵泡数的分布情况和表达。结果 (1)大鼠卵巢体积缩小,卵泡损数目减少,间质增多;(2)免疫组化结果显示c-kit在大鼠卵巢各级卵泡的卵母细胞中均有表达,但在原始卵泡的表达最强。(3)免疫组化结果显示实验组c-kit在各级卵泡的表达均有所下降,其中原始卵泡的卵母细胞中的表达降低最为显著。结论环磷酰胺可致大鼠卵巢早衰可能和通过下调卵母细胞c-kit的表达有关。     

BMP-2通过诱导RBP4表达调控小鼠骨髓间充质细胞的成骨分化

目的　探讨视黄醇结合蛋白4（RBP4）在骨形态发生蛋白（BMP-2）诱导骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）成骨分化中的作用。  方法　用重组人源BMP-2（rhBMP-2）诱导小鼠BMSCs成骨分化,采用Western-blot和qPCR检测成骨分化过程中RBP4表达情况;RNA干扰技术抑制RBP4表达,检测小鼠BMSCs成骨分化情况。  结果    qPCR和western-blot检测结果表明：rhBMP-2诱导小鼠BMSCs细胞7 d后,成骨分化明显,同时细胞RBP4表达水平显著升高;转染RBP4 siRNA 24 h后以rhBMP-2诱导7 d,小鼠BMSCs细胞成骨分化被显著抑制。   结论    BMP-2通过诱导RBP4表达,促进小鼠BMSCs的成骨分化。     

前列腺癌组织中BMP-4的表达及临床意义

目的探讨骨形态发生蛋白-4(bone morphogenetic protein-4,BMP-4)在前列腺癌组织中的表达,分析其表达下调对前列腺癌细胞增殖和侵袭的影响。方法采用免疫组化En Vision法检测58例前列腺癌及40例前列腺良性增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)组织中BMP-4蛋白的表达;利用Western blot法检测前列腺癌细胞(LNcap、PC-3、Du145)和BPH细胞中BMP-4蛋白的表达;将BMP-4 siRNA和对照siRNA分别转染LNcap,分为未处理组、对照siRNA组和BMP-4 siRNA组,采用Western blot法检测三组LNcap细胞中BMP-4、MMP-2和MMP-9的表达量;利用CCK8分别检测三组细胞的增殖能力;采用Tanswell小室实验检测三组细胞的侵袭能力。结果前列腺癌组织中BMP-4蛋白阳性率高于BPH组织(P 0. 05),BMP-4蛋白在前列腺癌细胞中的表达量高于BPH细胞。BMP-4 siRNA组细胞中BMP-4蛋白表达低于未处理组和对照siRNA组; BMP-4 siRNA组细胞增殖能力及细胞侵袭能力均低于未处理组和对照siRNA组。BMP-4 siRNA组细胞中MMP-2和MMP-9蛋白表达量低于未处理组和对照siRNA组。结论 BMP-4高表达于前列腺癌组织中,与前列腺癌细胞增殖和侵袭相关,有望成为前列腺癌潜在的治疗靶点。     

大鼠股骨缺损模型中BBP增强BMP-2的骨诱导作用*

目的验证在大鼠节段性骨缺损模型中骨形态发生蛋白结合肽（BMP Binding Peptide,BBP）对于重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2（recombinent human bone morphogenetic protein-2,rhBMP-2）骨诱导作用的影响。方法 70只缺损大鼠分别分成7组,每组不同剂量的rhBMP-2＋/-1000 gBBP,4w和8w后分别摄片,动物8w后处死,股骨样本分别手工评估,采用uCT测量骨容积,随后分别采用组织学和生物力学分析。结果高剂量（10 g）rhBMP-2组术后8w可见骨愈合,骨缺损处骨完全覆盖和桥接,但低剂量（5 g和2 g）rhBMP-2组术后8w骨愈合欠佳。与单独应用rhBMP-2相比,使用低剂量的rhBMP-2复合一定量的BBP可以取得更满意的骨形成量。BBP增强rhBMP-2的骨形成活性发生于4~8w时,而在术后早期并无明显作用。单纯应用BBP仅可见骨缺损处局部的钙化,未见骨愈合。结论 BBP能显著增强rhBMP-2的骨形成活性,这种增强作用需要一定时间来产生效果;其活性发生于术后4~8w时,在术后早期并无明显作用。而且BBP本身并没有骨诱导潜力,仅仅能增强rhBMP-2的骨形成活性。BBP起到缓释作用,与rhBMP-2紧密结合后,让rhBMP-2缓慢而持久的释放。     

人骨形态发生蛋白- 4cDNA的克隆和序列测定

骨形态发生蛋白（ｂｏｎｅ　ｍｏｒｐｈｏｇｅｎｅｔｉｃ　ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ，ＢＭＰ）是由Ｕｒｉｓｔ［１］在１９６５年对脱钙骨基质的成骨研究中发现的。他们将脱钙骨基质移植于动物的皮下和肌肉内，可诱导软骨化骨，随后从骨中分离出了一种小分子的糖蛋白，这种糖蛋白可诱导异位宿主区间充质细胞向成骨和成软骨细胞的方向分化。ＢＭＰ在组织中含量甚微，每１　０００　ｇ皮质骨仅含１～２　μｇ［２］，因而利用基因工程生产重组ＢＭＰ成为必须。赵明［４］、崔有宏［５］和刘礼初［６］均在大肠杆菌中表达有活性的ＢＭＰ，但多为人ＢＭＰ…     

骨形成蛋白4在大鼠中枢神经系统发育过程中的表达

目的 研究骨形成蛋白4(BMP4)基因在大鼠中枢神经系统(CNS)发育过程中的表达。方法 地高辛标记特异性寡核苷酸探针原位杂交组织化学技术。结果 在E16大鼠，BMP4主要在小脑与嗅球呈强阳性表达。在P1—2大鼠，BMP4 mRNA在延脑的舌下神经核呈强阳性信号，在三叉神经脊束核、脊髓小脑束可见部分BMP4 mRNA阳性细胞。在P1周大鼠，额叶皮层、枕叶皮层与海马的前下托可见较强的阳性信号。生后1个月，海马与皮层BMP4的表达达到生后的峰值。此时BMP4在颞叶皮层与杏仁周皮质呈强阳性表达。生后3个月，BMP4在大鼠CNS有广泛表达，其中在海马、颞叶皮层、杏仁周皮质、丘脑侧核与下丘脑的室旁核均可见强阳性信号，而生后18个月大鼠的皮质、海马、丘脑、下丘脑仍可见一定数目的阳性神经元。结论 提示BMP4对新生期和成年期大鼠CNS的发育起重要作用。     

腺病毒载体介导BMP-2基因修复骨缺损的研究进展

腺病毒载体(Adv)介导的骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP-2)转基因方法被认为是目前最有效的转基因诱导成骨修复骨缺损的方法之一。进一步改造腺病毒载体,降低免疫原性,提高基因治疗的安全性,已成为目前研究工作的重点。在参考大量的相关文献基础上,现就腺病毒载体基因治疗骨缺损的研究概况、宿主免疫应答问题以及解决方案几个方面,对介导BMP-2基因修复骨缺损的腺病毒载体的研究进展作一综述。     

LPS激活TLR4抑制BMP9诱导iMEFs成骨分化

目的研究脂多糖(LPS)激活的Toll样受体4(TLR4)信号对骨形态发生蛋白9(BMP9)诱导永生化小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(i MEFs)成骨分化的影响。方法细胞免疫荧光检测TLR4/NF-κB信号通路的激活;LPS,BAY11-7082和BMP9处理iMEFs,ALP染色和活性检测i MEFs早期成骨分化能力;茜素红S染色检测晚期成骨分化能力;半定量PCR和Western blot检测晚期成骨基因OCN和OPN表达;Western blot检测Smad1/5/8磷酸化水平;半定量PCR和Western blot检测成骨关键转录因子Runx2和Dlx5的表达。结果 LPS成功激活TLR4/NF-κB信号通路;LPS抑制BMP9诱导的ALP染色和活性(P0.01)、钙盐沉积、OCN的mRNA和蛋白质表达(P0.05)、OPN的mRNA(P0.01)和蛋白质(P0.05)表达、Smad1/5/8信号通路激活(P0.01)、Runx2的mRNA和蛋白质表达(P0.05)、Dlx5的mRNA(P0.01)和蛋白质(P0.05)表达,BAY11-7082可以部分逆转LPS的抑制作用(P0.05)。结论 LPS激活TLR4可以通过NF-κB信号通路抑制BMP9诱导的iMEFs成骨分化。     

AMH、FSH、E_2在卵巢早衰诊断中的价值

目的研究顺铂所致化疗损伤性卵巢早衰大鼠血清AMH、FSH、E2水平变化,探讨血清AMH、FSH、E2能否作为评估成年雌性大鼠卵巢储备的早期预测指标。方法通过给成熟雌性SD大鼠腹腔注射生理盐水、4.5mg/kg和6.0mg/kg顺铂,建立大鼠化疗损伤性卵巢早衰模型。检测血清AMH、FSH、E2水平。结果腹腔注射后,大鼠血清AMH水平均明显降低;血清E2水平与对照组相比,低剂量组明显升高,高剂量组无统计学意义,高剂量组与低剂量组相比明显降低;血清FSH水平：低剂量组与对照组相比无统计学意义,高剂量组与对照组、低剂量组相比均升高。腹腔注射前后,各顺铂组血清AMH水平注射后均较注射前明显降低;血清E2水平于注射低剂量顺铂后升高,而注射高剂量顺铂后差异无统计学意义。各顺铂组血清FSH水平注射后均较注射前明显升高。结论顺铂所致的卵巢损害早期血清E2代偿性升高,AMH明显降低,此两种激素的变化早于FSH的变化。血清E2的升高和AMH的降低可以作为暴露于化疗后的卵巢损害的早期预测指标,两者结合起来将有助于早期诊断卵巢早衰。     

归肾丸对卵巢早衰小鼠细胞免疫的影响

目的:探讨归肾丸对卵巢早衰小鼠(POF)细胞免疫的影响。方法:以小鼠透明带3 为抗原,皮下多点注射免疫BALB/ c 雄性小鼠,建立卵巢早衰模型。60 只BALB/ c 小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、泼尼松组、归肾丸高、中、低剂量组。连续给药28 d 后,测定各组小鼠的脾脏指数、胸腺指数、卵巢指数、T 淋巴细胞增殖能力、T 细胞亚群、NK 细胞、血清中IFN-γ和IL-2 的含量。结果:归肾丸可显著提高小鼠的脾脏指数,增强T 细胞的增殖能力,显著增加CD3+ T、CD4+ T、CD4+ T/CD8+ T 比值、NK 细胞百分比及IFN-γ、IL-2 的含量(P<0.05),显著降低CD8+ T 细胞百分比(P<0。05)。结论:归肾丸能够调节机体细胞免疫作用,提高卵巢早衰小鼠的免疫功能。     

Genetic disorders in premature ovarian failure

This review presents the genetic disorders associated with premature ovarian failure (POF), obtained by Medline, the Cochrane Library and hand searches of pertinent references of English literature on POF and genetic determinants cited between the year 1966 and February 2002. X monosomy or X deletions and translocations are known to be responsible for POF. Turner's syndrome, as a phenotype associated with complete or partial monosomy X, is linked to ovarian failure. Among heterozygous carriers of the fragile X mutation, POF was noted as an unexpected phenotype in the early 1990s. Autosomal disorders such as mutations of the phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2) gene, the galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) gene, the FSH receptor (FSHR) gene, chromosome 3q containing the Blepharophimosis gene and the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene, responsible for polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy, have been identified in patients with POF. In conclusion, the relationship between genetic disorders and POF is clearly demonstrated in this review. Therefore, in the case of families affected by POF a thorough screening, including cytogenetic analysis, should be performed.     

Antiovarian antibody in premature ovarian failure

Premature ovarian failure is a syndrome consisting of primary or secondary amenorrhoea, hypergonodotropiremia and hypoestrogenemia in women under the age of 40. An autoimmune mechanism was suggested as possible etiology when Vallolton and Forbes in 1966-67 found antibodies to the cytoplasm of rabbit ova in 29 of 232 tested sera. Immune mechanism in the pathogenesis of premature ovarian failure (POF) is suggested by association of autoimmune phenomenon with POF in some cases and demonstration of circulating antibodies to ovary in serum samples from women with POF. The incidence of presence of antiovarian antibody of POF patients has been reported earlier. Evidence of autoimmunity is present in 18-92% of patients with POF. In the present study we have studied 18 cases of POF without any overt manifestation of autoimmune disorder but the antiovarian antibody was detected, with the idea that this autoantibody might be the cause of ovarian dysfunction which is evident in POF. Presence of antiovarian antibody in 16.67% cases with POF in our study that ovarian antibodies may play a role in or reflect an autoimmune process responsible for the development of POF.     

脓毒症早期BMP-2和BMP-4的变化

目的 探讨骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)和骨形态发生蛋白-4(BMP-4)在脓毒症发病中的变化规律及作用机制.方法 收集入住重症医学科(ICU)24 h内的脓毒症患者(脓毒症组)、非脓毒症患者(非脓毒症组)和健康志愿者(对照组)的血清,ELISA测定血清BMP-2和BMP-4浓度.免疫印迹法检测经脂多糖(LPS)处理...     

Incipient ovarian failure and premature ovarian failure show the same immunological profile

PROBLEM: Incipient ovarian failure (IOF) is characterized by regular menstrual cycles, infertility and a raised early-follicular FSH in women under 40. IOF might be a precursor or a mitigated form of premature ovarian failure (POF). Disturbances in the immune system may play a role in ovarian failure. METHOD OF STUDY: Autoantibodies and lymphocyte subsets were determined in 63 POF patients, 50 IOF patients, and 27 controls. RESULTS: The prevalence of autoantibodies did not differ between the groups. There was a statistically significant difference in lymphocyte subsets between the control group and the POF group, with the IOF group taking an intermediate position. We found a decrease in percentage of T-suppressor cells with a rise in T-helper/T-suppressor cell ratio, a decrease in natural killer cells, and an increase in B lymphocytes and HLA-DR positive T cells. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the concept that IOF is a mitigated form of POF. The question remains whether these changes are the cause or the consequence of the ovarian failure.     

Treatment of autoimmune premature ovarian failure.

There is no known immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune premature ovarian failure that has been proven safe and effective by prospective randomized placebo-controlled study. Nevertheless, immunosuppression using corticosteroids has been used on an empirical basis for this condition. Here we present two cases of young women with premature ovarian failure who were treated with glucocorticoids in the hopes of restoring fertility. The first case illustrates the potential benefit of such therapy, and the second case illustrates a potential risk. The first patient with histologically proven autoimmune oophoritis was treated with alternate day glucocorticoid treatment. She had return of menstrual bleeding six times and ovulatory progesterone concentrations four times over a 16 week period. The second patient with presumed but unconfirmed autoimmune ovarian failure was referred to us after having been treated with a 9 month course of corticosteroids. During that treatment her menses did not resume. The corticosteroid treatment was complicated by iatrogenic Cushing syndrome and osteonecrosis of the knee. Identifying patients with autoimmune premature ovarian failure presents the opportunity to restore ovarian function by treating these patients with the proper immune modulation therapy. On the other hand, potent immune modulation therapy can have major complications. Corticosteroid therapy for autoimmune premature ovarian failure should be limited to use in placebo-controlled trials designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of such treatment.     

The pathology of premature ovarian failure.

The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 reacts with a human nuclear cell proliferation-associated antigen that is expressed in all active parts of the cell cycle. Recently we have raised monoclonal antibodies, MIB 1-3, against recombinant parts of the Ki-67 antigen. These antibodies are true Ki-67 equivalents, as demonstrated by immunostaining of fresh specimens, biochemistry, and molecular biological techniques. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections routinely processed for immunohistochemistry failed to stain for Ki-67 and MIB 2. Antibodies MIB 1 and MIB 3 labelled mitotic figures, while non-mitotic proliferating cells were negative under these conditions. However, when dewaxed microwave oven-processed paraffin sections of formalin-fixed tissues were used, MIB 1 and MIB 3 gave strong nuclear staining of those cells presumed to proliferate under a variety of normal and neoplastic conditions. Moreover, routine decalcification or depigmentation techniques did not alter the immunoreactivity of MIB 1 and MIB 3 with microwave-processed paraffin sections. This method is highly reproducible, easy to perform at low cost, and no additional technical skill is needed because after microwave treatment just routine immunohistochemical methods are used. Since we have successfully applied this new method to sections obtained from paraffin blocks stored for a long time (in one case more than 60 years), the assessment of cell kinetics through the detection of Ki-67 antigen is now possible on archival material collected in histopathology departments all over the world.