融合纹理和颜色特征的显著目标检测

针对在无监督情况下,图像中显著性目标的不确定问题,提出了一种基于纹理和颜色特征的显著目标检测算法.首先,利用Gabor滤波器提取图像的纹理特征,构造背景模型.结合图像边缘信息更新背景先验信息.其次,利用颜色对比度来获取显著特征,利用贝叶斯增强来提高检测效果.最后,在MSRA和ECSSD两个公开数据集上,将论文算法与其他6种算法进行对比测试,实验结果表明论文算法综合性能优于其他几种算法,对目标的尺度和数量都具有较强的适用性和鲁棒性.     

多分辨模型下的无监督统计纹理分割算法

针对基于统计的纹理分割算法存在的不足,提出了一种新的多分辨模型下的无监督统计纹理分割算法。该算法分层次对纹理图像进行动态分割,有效地利用了不同分辨率上最能表述某一纹理特性的统计特征,然后结合纹理的结构信息对边缘区域进行边界提取,进而得到较准确的纹理分割图。实验证明了这种区域与边界相结合的算法对纹理图像的分割具有高效、准确、通用性强的特点。     

混合特征下最优阈值预测的图像匹配

针对单一特征条件下图像匹配率较低,以及SIFT算法由于固定对比度阈值造成特征点数目提取不均的问题,提出一种混合特征下最优阈值预测的图像匹配算法。该算法首先采用SIFT算法提取图像特征点,然后利用纹理参数二阶矩自适应法得到最优阈值,并用描述性较强的纹理特征向量对SIFT匹配过程进行约束实现图像的匹配。实验结果表明,提出的算法根据图像灰度分布自适应选取对比度阈值,能够增强图像细节信息且使提取的特征点数量稳定,在匹配过程中引入纹理向量作为约束准则,避免了相似区域的误匹配,对光照和模糊图像有较好的鲁棒性。     

结合Gabor滤波器和扩展LTP算子的无监督纹理图像分割

目的 现实中的纹理往往具有类型多样、形态多变、结构复杂等特点,直接影响到纹理图像分割的准确性。传统的无监督纹理图像分割算法具有一定的局限性,不能很好地提取稳定的纹理特征。本文提出了基于Gabor滤波器和改进的LTP（local ternary pattern）算子的针对复杂纹理图像的纹理特征提取算法。方法 利用Gabor滤波器和扩展LTP算子分别提取相同或相似纹理模式的纹理特征和纹理的差异性特征,并将这些特征融入到水平集框架中对纹理图像进行分割。结果 通过实验表明,对纹理方向及尺度变化较大的图像、复杂背景下的纹理图像以及弱纹理模式的图像,本文方法整体分割结果明显优于传统的Gabor滤波器、结构张量、拓展结构张量、局部相似度因子等纹理分割方法得到的结果。同时,将本文方法与基于LTP的方法进行对比,分割结果依然更优。在量化指标方面,将本文方法与各种无监督的纹理分割方法就分割准确度进行对比,结果表明,在典型的纹理图像上,本文方法准确度达到97%以上,高于其他方法的分割准确度。结论 提出了一种结合Gabor滤波器和扩展LTP算子的无监督多特征的纹理图像分割方法,能够较好地提取相似纹理模式的特征和纹理的差异性特征,且这些纹理特征可以很好地融合到水平集框架中,对真实世界复杂纹理图像能够得到良好的分割效果。     

基于四元数Gabor滤波的彩色纹理特征提取

现有的彩色图像纹理特征提取方法是将彩色图像转换为灰度图像或者对彩色图像进行分通道处理,这样的处理方法会丢失原图像的颜色信息和各通道间的相关性,导致特征图像的纹理特征和原图像的纹理特征差异较大。基于上述问题,提出了一种四元数Gabor彩色纹理特征提取方法。首先,根据Gabor滤波和四元数欧拉公式,推导出四元数Gabor滤波,并将彩色图像用四元数矩阵表达;其次提出四元数Gabor滤波卷积算法处理彩色图像,得到多尺度多方向的彩色纹理特征图像;最后对得到的彩色纹理特征图像进行Tamura统计特征的提取。实验结果表明,该方法可以很大程度地保留原图像的粗糙度、对比度和方向度等纹理特征,同时可以提取到原图像的颜色信息。在转化为灰度图像后,该方法在保留粗糙度、对比度和方向度等纹理特征方面优于传统Gabor方法和LBP方法。     

基于形态学与不完全树形小波分解的图像纹理特征提取算法

针对不完全小波树形结构分解提取纹理特征仅对清晰度高的图像效果佳,运算速度慢的问题,提出基于形态学预处理的不完全小波树形分解快速提取图像纹理特征的算法。首先采用形态学高帽—低帽变换对图像进行预处理,去除图像噪声,增强对比度;在提取纹理特征时,采用一致性判别;对于一致性强的图像,只利用图像的一部分进行不完全小波树形结构分解提取出能量、方向性等纹理特征,提高了运算速度;最后使用双概率神经网络(DPNN)的方法自适应地对纹理图像进行识别。利用Brodatz纹理库进行了仿真实验,并将该算法应用到了现场拍摄的海水中藻类细胞图像的识别。实验结果表明,该算法特征提取和识别速度快,尤其对于清晰度不高、现场拍摄的纹理图像具有较好的效果。     

基于多特征联合监督字典学习的乳腺图像分类

针对无监督字典学习算法图像分类精度不高的问题,提出一种结合多种图像特征的有监督字典学习分类算法。利用卷积神经网络检测和分割细胞以提取细胞结构形状纹理特征,在细胞对应的病理图像块中提取多种纹理特征后,提取全图的SIFT和SURF特征。为缩小分类误差,对无监督字典学习和二分类函数进行联合训练,将多特征取代图像作为字典学习输入,最终实现乳腺病理图像分类。在2个乳腺病理数据库上的实验结果表明,多特征监督字典学习分类算法的分类准确率达92.15%,优于无监督字典学习算法。     

基于纹理度划分的医学图像可逆信息隐藏方法

针对目前具有对比度增强效果的可逆信息隐藏（RDH）算法大多受到嵌入率的影响,未能实现较好的对比度增强效果的问题,提出一种基于纹理度划分的医学图像可逆信息隐藏方法。首先,通过对比度拉伸的方法实现医学图像对比度增强;然后,再利用医学图像纹理度的自身特点,将医学图像划分为高、低两类纹理度等级,其中高纹理度等级构成医学图像的关键部分;最后,为了进一步增强高纹理度等级的对比度并保证信息嵌入率,对不同的纹理度等级像素采用不同的嵌入方法。为了与其他具有对比度增强效果的医学图像可逆信息隐藏算法比较载密图像的对比度增强效果,采用了针对对比度失真的无参考图像质量评价标准（NR-CDIQA）作为实验客观依据。实验结果表明,在不同嵌入率下,使用所提方法的载密图像的NR-CDIQA值更高,对比度增强效果更好。     

融合LBP和GLCM的纹理特征提取方法

为提取有效的特征用于纹理描述和分类,提出一种融合局部二进制模式(LBP)和灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)的纹理特征提取方法。利用旋转不变的LBP算子处理纹理图像,得到LBP图像及其GLCM,采用对比度、相关性、能量和逆差矩描述图像的纹理特征。实验结果表明,与其他方法相比,该方法提取的纹理特征具有更强的纹理鉴别能力,平均分类正确率达到93%。     

多模式共生的彩色纹理图像分类方法

针对单一方法进行纹理图像分类时易受旋转、光照等干扰的情况,提出了一种结合颜色特征和纹理特征的共生纹理分类方法。将图像转换到HSV颜色空间后,对◢H◣通道使用SLIOP算法以及对◢S和V◣通道用CLBP算法提取特征,然后将各自提取到的特征进行串联共生,最后利用支持向量机对纹理图像进行分类。基于被广泛使用的纹理图像数据库,对提出方法与其他典型分类算法进行实验对比,分析表明在分类的准确率和计算效率上获得了较大提升。实验结果表明,提出了方法具有较强的旋转不变性、光照不变性以及抗噪性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。