上颌第三磨牙牙体形态的研究

目的:研究上颌第三磨牙牙体形态,以期为临床治疗提供理论依据。方法:观察记录112颗离体上颌第三磨牙的牙尖及牙根数目,并对解剖外形进行测量,然后列表总结进行统计学分析。结果:①上颌第三磨牙牙尖形态以三尖型为主(56.52%),此时牙根形态以融合根为主(72.32%);②上颌第三磨牙平均长度17.23mm,根长明显大于冠长,冠部、颈部及根部的颊舌径均大于近远中径。结论:上颌第三磨牙解剖外形仍遵循一定的规律,但个体差异较大。     

拔除下颌低位阻生第三磨牙的临床研究

目的：了解高速涡轮牙钻磨裂沟法（斜磨、纵磨、横磨）加牙挺多点楔入与常规劈冠法在拔除下颌低位阻生第三磨牙的临床效果,评价磨裂沟法加牙挺多点楔入的临床可行性和优越性。方法：实验组195颗阻生齿,用磨裂沟法加牙挺多点楔入,对照组165颗阻生齿,采用常规劈冠法,分别拔除。记录手术时间、术后疼痛、面部水肿、张口受限及干槽症发病情况。结果：实验组与对照组拔除下颌低位阻生第三磨牙的手术时间、术后疼痛、面部水肿、张口受限及干槽症发病情况有明显差异（P〈0．05）。结论：磨裂沟法加牙挺多点楔入是将复杂的操作简单,手术时间短,术后并发症少,为拔除下颌低位阻生第三磨牙,初步建立简单化、标准化、规范化、微创化、起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

阻生下颌第三磨牙的正畸疗效观察

目的 探讨通过矫治阻生的下颌第三磨牙,代替因龋坏或矫治需要而拔除的第一或第二磨牙,恢复牙列完整性及咀嚼功能.方法 选择因各种原因拔除了下颌第一或第二磨牙且第三磨牙近中阻生的14例错牙 合畸形患者,应用固定矫治技术进行正畸治疗,对阻生的下颌第三磨牙进行直立并近中移动,关闭拔牙间隙.结果 所有患者均取得良好的矫治效果,阻生的下颌第三磨牙得到直立并近中移动,代替了缺失的磨牙,恢复了牙列的完整连续性,建立了良好的邻接关系及咬牙合关系.结论 阻生下颌第三磨牙通过矫治,可以代替缺失的磨牙,恢复其应有的功能.     

Incidence of cystic changes in radiographically normal impacted lower third molar follicles.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the cystic changes in radiographically normal follicles associated with impacted lower third molars (ILTM). The relation between the cystic changes and both the angular position and the contact of ILTM with the adjacent tooth was also evaluated. STUDY DESIGN: Follicular spaces of patients who were referred to our clinic for removal of ILTM for a variety of reasons were measured from panoramic radiographs by each author independently. Pericoronal tissues of radiographically normal impacted third molars were examined histopathologically. Then the data were analyzed for associations with age, sex, angular position, and contact of the ILTM with the second molar. RESULTS: There were 30 male and 64 female patients, ages ranging from 14 to 45 years (mean = 21.11). Forty-seven (50%) of the 94 specimens showed cystic changes as the only pathological condition other than inflammation. Most of the cystic changes occurred in the 20-25 year age range. The relation between cystic changes and angular position was statistically significant (chi 2 = 7.46, P < .05). The higher probability of cystic changes was found in the vertically positioned ILTM. The relation between the cystic changes and communication of ILTM with the second molar was not statistically significant (chi 2 = 2.068, P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Cystic changes may be encountered in the histopathologic examination of asymptomatic third molars, especially in patients older than 20 years. Vertically positioned ILTM especially may be suspected for the higher possibility of cystic changes.     

胶原蛋白海绵可预防阻生牙拔除术后干槽症的发生

阻生牙拔除术是口腔颌面外科最常见的手术之一,术后常可引起肿胀、疼痛、出血及干槽症等多种并发症而严重影响患者拔牙术后的生活质量。尤其是干槽症,患者常在术后2～3d开始发生明显的自发痛,疼痛剧烈并向耳颞部放射,一般镇痛药不起作用,患者非常痛苦。干槽症实质上是一种由混合菌引起的骨创感染,厌氧菌是引起干槽症的主要病原菌。     

The mesially impacted mandibular third molar: The incidence and consequences of distal cervical caries in the mandibular second molar

Aims

Distal Cervical Caries (DCC) of the mandibular second molar (Md2M) is primarily related to retained mesially impacted third molars (Md3M). Treatment of this condition indicates the removal of the Md3M and the restoration of the Md2M and, on occasions, the loss of the Md2M. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, treatment outcomes for patients, and calculate costs related to Md2M DCC.

上下颌第二恒磨牙拔除后第三磨牙自行迁移情况的比较观察

目的：对上下颌第二恒磨牙拔除后第三磨牙自行迁移的情况进行观察、比较。方法：将27例病例分为上颌组和下颌组,上颌组15例拔除上颌第二恒磨牙,下颌组12例拔除第二恒磨牙。两组在治疗前和治疗1年后分别拍摄术前及术中x线侧位头影测量片,测量第三磨牙在水平方向、垂直方向移动距离,同时记录所有病例第三磨牙临床萌出情况,并对两实验结果进行统计学分析、比较。结果：上颌组上颌第三磨牙在水平方向和垂直方向分别移动7．83mm、7．73mm,下颌组下颌第三磨牙在水平方向和垂直方向分别移动6．12mm、4．97mm,上下颌间无统计学意义,除下颌组一名患者之外,其余患者第三磨牙均已萌出,两组间无显著统计学差异。结论：无论上颌、下颌,拔除第二恒磨牙都是一种良好的拔牙模式。     

Efficacy of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in preventing infectious and inflammatory complications following impacted mandibular third molar extraction.

OBJECTIVE: To find out whether the frequency of postoperative infectious and inflammatory complications (IC) in subjects treated with placebo (Pl) is greater than those treated with antibiotic (Ab) after extraction of an impacted mandibular third molar (M3). Our hypothesis is there are more IC in Pl than in Ab, with a maximum ratio difference of 0.067. STUDY DESIGN: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. The sample was derived from the population of subjects attending Cruces Hospital for evaluation and extraction of 1 M3 under local anesthesia. Patients were treated with postoperative placebo or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 500/125 mg 3 times a day during 4 days. The outcome variable was infectious and inflammatory complications. Sex, age, smoking, molar depth, angulation, need for sectioning, ostectomy, and operation time were recorded. Analysis was by intention to treat, risk measures, and logistic regression. RESULTS: In 490 subjects (259 Ab and 231 Pl), the frequency of IC was 1.9% in the Ab and 12.9% in the Pl group (OR 7.6, 95%CI 2.9-19.9; P < .001). The number needed to treat was 10 (7-16). Unadjusted relative risk was 0.15 (0.06-0.38) (P < .001). Absolute reduction risk was 0.11(0.066-0.155)]. Therefore, the hypothesis cannot be rejected. Multivariate analysis shows treatment with antibiotic (OR = 8.66 (3.17-23.67); P < .001) and age (OR = 1.08 (1.00-1.16); P = .029) are the only variables to be included in the logistic regression model. CONCLUSION: Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid is efficacious in reducing the incidence of IC following third molar extraction but should not be prescribed in all cases.     

微动力系统及人工骨粉移植在下颌阻生智齿拔除术中的临床应用

目的：研究人工骨粉移植对下颌智齿拔除后第二磨牙远中牙槽骨缺损的修复及降低牙敏感发生的应用。方法：对73例存在近中牙槽间隔缺损的下颌近中低位阻生智齿采用微动力系统进行微创拔除术,对拔牙后的拔牙窝随机分为二组,植骨组38颗患牙采用微创拔牙后即刻植入Bio-OsSC01legen骨胶原质并缝合,对照组35颗患牙采用微创拔牙后常规复位缝合,对比两组的术中并发症、术后1周愈合情况、术后1、3个月第二磨牙远中牙槽嵴高度、下颌第二磨牙牙本质敏感发生率。结果：术中、术后1周两组无明显差异。术后1、3个月下颌第二磨牙牙本质敏感发生率在植骨组比对照组低,在统计学上有显著性差别（P〈0．05）;在植骨组不良反应明显比对照组少（P〈0．05）。应用微动力系统拔除下颌阻生智齿术中术后严重并发症发生率较低,对硬组织的损伤较小。结论：人工骨粉移植与人体相容性好,且可以有效降低下颌阻生智齿术后邻牙松动、牙本质敏感的发生。     

Subperiosteal abscess of the orbit: an unusual complication of the third molar surgery.

Few procedures in oral surgery show severe complications with the potential to result in life-threatening problems. Subperiosteal orbital abscess is an extremely rare but transcendent complication arising spontaneously or after dental surgery. This report describes a case of subperiosteal abscess of the orbit in a 57-year-old man that occurred following the uneventful extraction of the left maxillary third molar. In the emergency department, proptosis and extraocular muscle dysfunction were marked but no decrease in visual acuity was observed. Echography, computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging allowed distinction from other types of orbital inflammation. Surgical drainage confirmed the diagnosis. In this patient, orbital abscess was probably caused by extension of the infection to the pterygopalatine and infratemporal regions progressing next to the inferior orbital fissure. This report highlights the difficulty in the clinical diagnosis of this complication.     

Use of the pericoronal tissue of impacted third molar in subgingival connective tissue autograft: A case report

Introduction and importanceThe pericoronal tissue, or dental follicle, is a connective tissue found around impacted teeth crown. The dental follicle is involved in odontogenesis, dental eruption and periodontogenesis.Case presentationA young woman presented a vestibular U-shaped periodontal recession localized in tooth 26. After consent the patient underwent a local intervention combining the extraction of her included 28 and a mucogingival management of her periodontal recession localized in 26, using the pericoronary sac of the tooth of 28 has been used as a subepithelial connective autograft.The results 6 weeks after surgery showed a significant gain in thickness and a gain in height of attached gingiva of 26.Clinical discussionThe success of the use of pericoronary sac in subepithelial connective autograft may allow to spare the use of a healthy harvesting site. Furthermore, the dental follicle is often available in young patients with prophylactic extraction of impacted 3rd molars. However, one pericoronary sac may provide enough connective tissue, only for the surgical treatment of a unique recession site.ConclusionThe use of the pericoronal sac has shown promising results in the treatment of periodontal recessions. Wider applications could be investigated using the pericoronal sac in the future.     

Inferior alveolar nerve injury related to surgery for an erupted third molar.

Removal of third molars is one of the most common operations performed in oral surgery. A well recognized serious complication of mandibular third molar extraction is injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). We describe a case of an unusual nerve passage discovered after the extraction of a completely erupted third molar. The likelihood of direct damage to the IAN can be predicted with more specific information obtained by the use of a preoperative computerized tomography scan when conventional radiography does not clearly show the nerve canal.     

两种方法拔除下颌水平阻生智齿182例并发症分析

目的:探讨两种不同方法拔除术后并发症的发生原因及防治方法,为探索新的下颌阻生智齿拔除方法提供借鉴。方法:选择我科4年多诊治的182例下颌水平阻生智齿作为研究对象。随机分成两组,其中一组采用涡轮钻法拔除,另一组采用骨凿法拔除,对比分析两种不同方法拔除术后并发症发生情况。结果:涡轮钻组治疗时间较骨凿组短(P<0.05),颞下颌关节紊乱病发生率低于骨凿组,但骨凿组的术后反应较涡轮钻组轻(P<0.05)。结论:除术后反应外,涡轮钻法可以减少患者手术时间,降低了下颌水平阻生智齿拔除术后并发症发生率。     

Panoramic radiographic predictors of mandibular third molar eruption.

OBJECTIVE: Third molar (M3) eruption can be problematic. According to some orthodontic surgeons, the teeth are capable of aggravating the average crowding level in the dental arch. The question is whether it might be possible to give a prognosis for ultimate M3 position in the arch and make an early decision to extract or retain them. The purpose of the study was to determine which measurements made on panoramic tomograms might facilitate prognosis for M3 position in the dental arch over the years. STUDY DESIGN: The investigation involved 64 patients who had been enrolled to the study group 10 years earlier, ie, in 1993, when an analysis had been carried out regarding M3 effect on dental arch crowding. At that time panoramic tomograms had been taken, and dental casts made. The procedures were repeated in 2003. The following measurements were taken at baseline (1993) and at the end of the study (2003): (1)/the retromolar space to lower third molar crown width, (2) third molar angulation to the base of the mandible, and (3) third molar to second molar inclination. RESULTS: At some defined values of the Ganss ratio, and M3 inclination to mandibular base and second molar, it is possible to predict potential lower third molar alignment in the dental arch using a panoramic radiograph.     

Evaluation of the effects of the low-level laser therapy on swelling,pain, and trismus after removal of impacted lower third molar

Background

In current study we aimed to examine the effect of a low-level laser therapy on the pain, mouth opening and swelling of patients whose impacted 3rd molar tooth was extracted in addition measurement volumetrically to the edema with 3dMD face system.

Methods

It was surveyed 15 patients who had bilateral symmetric lower 3rd molars. Surgical sides of patients were randomly separated into two groups: the study group and the control group. It was applied extra oral low-level laser therapy (LLLT, 0.3 W, 40 s, 4 J/cm²) to the study group (n?=?15) after the surgical operation and on the 2nd day. Only routine postoperative recommendation (ice application) was made in the control (n?=?15) group. The maximum mouth opening, pain level and facial swelling evaluated. 3dMD Face® (3dMD, Atlanta, GA) Photogrammetric System was used to evaluate volumetric changes of the swelling.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in the edema and interincisal opening between the groups and the pain level in the laser group was significantly lower than in the control group on the 7^th postoperative day.

Conclusions

Although there were decreasing trismus, swelling, and pain level, with this LLLT, there was significant difference only in the 7th day pain level in the laser group compared with the control group.

     

上颌阻生尖牙的临床诊断与治疗

目的：对阻生上颌尖牙的病因、临床检查、诊断及其相应的治疗进行了临床研究。方法：选取57例上颌尖牙阻生患者，通过病史询问、临床检查、X线片和模型测量的综合分析，从临床角度对阻生牙进行了诊断分类，采用不同的方法进行了矫治，并对矫治效果进行了评估。结果：采取适宜有效的治疗办法，均取得了满意的治疗效果，牙周膜愈合成功率达100％，活髓牙成功率达93．6％，牙龈形态良好者达89．4％。结论：尖牙阻生情况各异，治疗方法多样，根据临床分类选择合适的治疗方法，是矫治成功的关键。