强韧化PBT/PC共混物的制备与性能

采用自制的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯熔融接枝丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯三元聚合物\[ABS-g-(GMA-co-St),AGS]为改性剂,对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBT）/聚碳酸酯(PC)（80/20）共混物进行改性研究。通过扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、力学性能和流变性能测试研究了改性后共混物的性能。结果表明,随着AGS含量的增加,共混物中两相间的界面黏结增强; AGS对PBT/PC共混物具有强韧化的作用,与未添加AGS的PBT/PC共混物相比,当AGS含量为10份时,共混物的缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度分别提高了49.8 %和17.4 %;AGS的加入提高了共混物的界面强度和相容性;添加AGS能够提高共混物的结晶峰温度,起到促进晶粒生长的作用。     

耐老化抗冲击PC/SMA合金的研究

用动态力学热分析法(DMTA)分析丁马来酸酐(MAH)含量不同的3种苯乙烯／MAH共聚物(SMA)与聚碳酸酯(PC)共混物的相容性。结果表明,SMA与PC共混物的相容性随SMA树脂马来酸酐含量的增加而提高,MAH 质量分数为18％d SMA树脂与PC的共混物在整个组成范围内都只有一个玻璃化转变温度。以丙烯酸酯类核壳结构共聚物(ACR)作冲击改性剂制备了不同组成的PC／SMA合金,测试表明合金有良好的力学强度、冲击强度、高耐热性和优良的耐老化性。     

ABS/HIPS相容性的研究

采用苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)作为丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物/高抗冲聚苯乙烯(ABS/HIPS)的相容剂,研究了SMA对ABS/HIPS共混体系力学性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜对共混物的亚微观形态结构进行了分析。结果表明,SMA的加入起到了很好的增容作用。随着HIPS/SMA用量的增加,共混物的冲击性能先增大后减小,当HIPS/SMA=8.5/1.5(质量比),且HIPS/SMA质量分数为10%时,共混物的缺口冲击强度达到97.1J/m,同时拉伸强度和弯曲强度最大。     

Influence of miscibility on the morphology and properties of polycarbonate/(maleic anhydride)-grafted-polypropylene blend

Maleic-anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAH-g-PP) was added to polycarbonate (PC) as a processing agent. Its influence on the morphological, thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of PC/MAH-g-PP blends was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical spectroscopy (DMS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic contact angle goniometry, and tensile and impact strength experiments. The results indicated that the processability and miscibility of the blends were improved significantly by addition of 5–20 wt% MAH-g-PP to PC. The melting temperature of MAH-g-PP increased as the relative composition of MAH-g-PP in the blends increased mainly because of enlargement of the crystallite size. The DSC, FTIR as well as SEM results strongly suggested that a chemical reaction might have taken place between the PC and MAH-g-PP. This chemical reaction could have contributed to the improvement of the mechanical properties of the blends and the miscibility between the PC and MAH-g-PP components.     

In situ compatibilization of polystyrene/polyethylene blends using amino-methacrylate-grafted polyethylene

Blends of a styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) with polyethlene (PE) or polyethylene melt grafted with tertiary (PE-g-DMAEMA) or secondary (PE-g-tBAEMA) amino methacrylate were prepared by blending in a batch melt mixer. The morphology of these blends at various compositions was examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and related to their tensile and impact properties. The SMA/PE blends are found to have the typical coarse morphology of incompatible blends and poor mechanical properties, while their reactive conterparts, SMA/PE-g-DMAEMA or SMA/PE-g-tBAEMA blends, show finer morphology and modestly improved tensile and impact strength. This was attributed to chemical interaction of the acidic anhydride and the basic amino groups. The greater improvement in morphology for SMA/PE-g-tBAEMA than for SMA/PE-g-DMAEMA suggests a stronger interaction between the secondary amino groups and the anhydride groups, possibly with the formation of SMA-g-tBAEMA-g-PE graft polymer through amide covalent bonds. The amide formation appears to occur at the interfacial region in the blends and is too little to be detected by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. However, differential scanning calorimeters (DSC) and the viscosity measurements indicate crystallinity and molecular weight changes for the SMA/PE-g-tBAEMA blends, supporting an argument for the formation of SMA-g-tBAEMA-g-PE grafts at the phase interface.     

聚环氧酯的合成及其对PC/ABS相容性的影响

以双酚A环氧树脂和己二酸合成了聚己二酸环氧酯,将环氧酯作为相容剂加入到PC/ABS中通过双螺杆挤出机并注射成型制备了合金,与马来酸酐接枝聚苯乙烯（SMA）相容剂增容的合金的力学性能及分散形态进行了对比。结果表明,聚环氧酯对PC相具有良好的相容性,而SMA对ABS相的相容性较好,二者复合使用可以显著改善合金的相容性;聚环氧酯能明显提高PC/ABS合金的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度,但过量加入会降低合金的冲击强度;SEM结果表明少量的聚环氧酯即可以使ABS分散相分布均匀,与SMA并用可以使分散相尺寸减小,提高相容性。     

Interfacial shear strength and wettability between glass fiber and PC/SAN/SMA blends

The two important factors affecting the mechanical properties of fiber‐reinforced composite materials are the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and wettability. The IFSS and wettability of glass fiber in a polycarbonate (PC)/styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile (SAN) blend system were measured by the single fiber fragmentation test (SFFT) and the Wilhelmy method, respectively. Styrene‐co‐maleic‐anhydride (SMA) was used as a compatibilizer and the glass fiber was surface‐treated with organosilane coupling agents to induce chemical bonding between maleic anhydride and silanol. The IFSS was found to increase with the content of SMA copolymer and then level off: There was an optimum level of the SMA content for a given silanol content. The IFSS and wettability increased with increasing SAN content, and the wettability showed quite similar behavior to the case of the IFSS with respect to SAN content. The effect of the miscibility of SAN/SMA blends on the IFSS was also investigated. The IFSS was greatly affected by the miscibility of SAN/SMA blends, which is mainly dependent on the copolymer compositions of SAN and SMA. Higher IFSS was obtained when the SAN/SMA blend was miscible.     

Compatibility of waste rubber powder/polystyrene blends by the addition of styrene grafted styrene butadiene rubber copolymer: effect on morphology and properties

Waste rubber powder/polystyrene (WRP/PS) blends with different weight ratio were prepared with styrene grafted styrene butadiene rubber copolymer (PS-g-SBR) as a compatibilizer. The graft copolymer of PS-g-SBR was synthesized by emulsion polymerization method and confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The copolymer at different weight ratio was subsequently added into the blends. The effects of weight ratio of WRP/PS and compatibilizer loading on mechanical properties were investigated. PS/WRP blends in a weight ratio of 80/20 showed higher impact strength. Moreover, the impact strength of the blend materials increased with the addition of SBR-g-PS, however, decreased at a high loading of the copolymer. The morphology and thermal properties of WRP/PS blends were examined by DSC, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TG). DSC indicated that compared with PS/WRP blend, the glass transition temperature (T _g) of PS matrix phase in PS/WRP/SBR-g-PS blend shifted to low temperature because of the formation of chemical crosslinks or boundary layer between PS and WRP, and the T _g of WRP phase of both the PS/WRP and PS/WRP/SBR-g-PS blends did not appear. SEM results showed that interfacial adhesion in the blends with the PS-g-SBR copolymer was improved. The morphology was a typical continuous–discontinuous structure. PS and WRP presented continuous phase and discontinuous phase, respectively, indicating the moderate interface adhesion between WRP and PS matrix. TG illustrated that the onset of degradation temperature in the PS/WRP/PS-g-SBR blend decreased slightly by contrast with PS/WRP blend and the degradation of PS/WRP blends with and without SBR-g-PS was completed about at the same values.     

Effect of poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) imidization on the miscibility and phase‐separation temperatures of poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride)/poly(vinyl methyl ether) and poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride)/ poly(methyl methacrylate) blends

The objective of this work was to study the miscibility and phase‐separation temperatures of poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) (SMA)/poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) and SMA/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends with differential scanning calorimetry and small‐angle light scattering techniques. We focused on the effect of SMA partial imidization with aniline on the miscibility and phase‐separation temperatures of these blends. The SMA imidization reaction led to a partially imidized styrene N‐phenyl succinimide copolymer (SMI) with a degree of conversion of 49% and a decomposition temperature higher than that of SMA by about 20°C. We observed that both SMI/PVME and SMI/PMMA blends had lower critical solution temperature behavior. The imidization of SMA increased the phase‐separation temperature of the SMA/PVME blend and decreased that of the SMA/PMMA blend. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Preparation and characterization of syndiotactic polystyrene/ethylene‐propylene copolymer blends

The reactive compatibilization of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS)/oxazoline‐styrene copolymer (RPS)/maleic anhydride grafted ethylene‐propylene copolymer (EPR‐MA) blends is investigated in this study. First, the miscibility of sPS/RPS blends is examined by thermal analysis. The cold crystallization peak (T_cc) moved toward higher temperature with increased PRS, and, concerning enthalpy relaxation behaviors, only a single enthalpy relation peak was found in all aged samples. These results indicate that the sPS/RPS blend is miscible along the various compositions and RPS can be used in the reactive compatibilization of sPS/RPS/EPR‐MA blends. The reactive compatibilized sPS/RPS/EPR‐MA blends showed finer morphology than sPS/EPR‐MA physical blends and higher storage modulus (G') and complex viscosity (η*) when RPS contents were increased. Moreover, the impact strength of sPS/RPS/EPR‐MA increased significantly compared to sPS/EPR‐MA blend, and SEM micrographs after impact testing show that the sPS/RPS/EPR‐MA blend has better adhesion between the sPS matrix and the dispersed EPR‐MA phase. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2084–2091, 2002     

Fabrication of Super Tough Polycarbonate/Styrene-Etylene-Butylene-Styrene Grafted Maleic Anhydride (SEBS-g-MA) Blends: Morphological,Short Term Static Mechanical and Fracture Performance Interpretation

Impact behaviours, tensile properties and fracture performance of polycarbonate (PC)/styrene ethylene-butylene-styrene-grafted-maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA) copolymer blends at SEBS-g-MA volume fraction Φ_d = 0–0.39 are evaluated. In presence of rubber a significant augmentation in notched Izod impact strength was observed while tensile modulus and strength decreased. Morphological studies reveal good interaction between the PC and the rubber particles showing homogeneous dispersion of SEBS-g-MA in the polycarbonate matrix. Interparticle distance of the dispersed phase evaluated from the morphology studies by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the impact strength dependence on the concentration of the blending rubber were analysed. The essential work of fracture approach is applied to study fracture properties of the blends. With increasing SEBS-g-MA concentration nonessential or plastic work increased which explained the enhancement of impact strength of blends.     

Studies on miscibility of poly(vinyl chloride) with natural rubber-graft-polyacrylonitrile and natural rubber-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate)

The miscibility of poly(vinyl chloride)/natural rubber-graft-polyacrylonitrile (PVC/NRPACN) and PVC/NR-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and viscometry. DSC curves of PVC/NR graft copolymer blends showed a major endotherm at about 265°C that was assigned to the thermal decomposition of PVC. PVC/NRPMMA blends showed a minor endothermic peak at about 124°C and the PVC/NRPACN blends showed a broad peak (which develops into two peaks) at about 160°–180°C, respectively. Absolute viscosity versus weight percent PVC plots of the two sets of blends were nonlinear. X-ray diffraction patterns of the PVC/NRPACN blends showed overlapping spacings due to the constituent polymers. Phase-contrast micrographs of the PVC/NRPACN blends showed gross phase discontinuity. The heats of mixing solutions of PVC blended with NRPMMA were found to be well above the upper limit of miscibility. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

聚酰胺弹性体增韧聚乳酸改性研究

选用聚酰胺弹性体(聚酰胺和聚氧乙烯的共聚物,PAE)与聚乳酸(PLA)熔融共混进行增韧改性。结果表明,当PAE弹性体含量在20%～30%(质量分数,下同)之间时,共混体系发生脆韧转变,最大冲击强度达到67.6J/m,但拉伸强度和模量大幅度下降;PAE弹性体含量为5%～10%时共混体系的拉伸强度保持率最高,而且断裂伸长率提高近40倍,综合性能较好;虽然扫描电子显微镜照片显示共混体系为两相分离,但是差示扫描量热分析数据均表明,随着PAE弹性体含量的增加,共混体系的玻璃化转变温度和熔点发生相应变化,证明该共混体系为半溶混性,即两相间存在一定的相互作用;热失重分析数据显示,PAE弹性体在一定程度上提高了PLA的热降解温度。     

Blends of bisphenol A polycarbonate and rubber‐toughened styrene–maleic anhydride copolymers

The morphology and mechanical properties of polycarbonate (PC) blends with rubber‐toughened styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer materials (TSMA) were investigated and compared with the properties of blends of PC with acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) materials. The PC/TSMA blends showed similar composition dependence of properties as the comparable PC/ABS blends. Polycarbonate blends with TSMA exhibited higher notched Izod impact toughness than pure PC under sharp‐notched conditions but the improvements are somewhat less than observed for similar blends with ABS. Since PC is known for its impact toughness except under sharp‐notched conditions, this represents a significant advantage of the rubber‐modified blends. PC blends with styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) were compared to those with a styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN). The trends in blend morphology and mechanical properties were found to be qualitatively similar for the two types of copolymers. PC/SMA blends are nearly transparent or slightly pearlescent. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 1508–1515, 1999     

Properties and morphology of some injection-molded polycarbonate-styrene acrylonitrile copolymer blends

A series of blends was prepared with broad concentration ranges of polycarbonate (PC) and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers (SAN) containing 5.5 and 30 weight percent acrylonitrile (AN). These blends were then injection molded, and their properties were measured and correlated with the morphologies of the blends (as determined by transmission electron microscopy). The toughness properties were shown to be discontinuous and very sensitive to composition of the continuous phase in the blends. The dart impact toughness remained high up to 30–40 weight percent SAN and dropped rapidly above this SAN concentration. The notched Izod toughness fell off rapidly at 10 weight percent SAN and greater. The strength and modulus had a more linear dependence on composition. Results of studies of the T_g by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) show the presence of two phases over the entire concentration and a small solubility of each phase in the other. The heat distortion temperature under load (DTUL) of the blends approximated a linear additivity curve for the components. As expected, the blends had much better clarity where the refractive indexes more nearly match (in the case of the 5.5 percent AN copolymer).     

Recycling of blends of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) and polyamide

The aim of this work is to evaluate routes to upgrade recycled engineering plastics, especially mixed plastics with acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymers (ABS) as the major component. A core‐shell impact modifier was successfully used to improve the impact strength of blends of ABS and ABS/polycarbonate (PC) blends recycled from the automotive industry. However, the presence of other immiscible components like polyamide (PA), even in small amounts, can lead to a deterioration in the overall properties of the blends. A styrene–maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer and other commercial polymer blends were used to promote the compatibilization of ABS and PA. The core‐shell impact modifier was again found to be an efficient additive with regard to the impact strength of the compatibilized ABS/PA blends. The results obtained with fresh material blends were quite promising. However, in blends of recycled ABS and glass‐fiber‐reinforced PA, the impact strength did not exhibit the desired behavior. The presence of poorly bonded glass fibers in the blend matrix was the probable reason for the poor impact strength compared with that of a blend of recycled ABS and mineral‐filled PA. Although functionalized triblock rubbers (SEBS–MA) can substantially enhance the impact strength of PA, they did not improve the impact strength of ABS/PA blends because the miscibility with ABS is poor. The possibilities of using commercial polymer blends to compatibilize otherwise incompatible polymer mixtures were also explored giving promising results. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2535–2543, 2002     

Compatibility enhancement of ABS/polycarbonate blends

The effects of blend composition, melt viscosity of poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS), and compatibilizing effect of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) on mechanical properties of ABS/polycarbonate (PC) blends at ABS-rich compositions were studied. As the content of PC was increased, impact strength and Vicat softening temperature (VST) were increased. As the melt viscosity of ABS was increased near to that of PC, finer distribution of dispersed PC phase and consequent enhanced impact strength and VST were observed. The compatibilizing effect of PMMA can be ascer-tained from the enhanced properties of ¼-inch notch impact strength, VST, tensilestrength, and the morphology observed by a scanning electron microscope. The improved adhesion of the ABS/PC interface by PMMA changed the fracture mechanism and reduced the notch sensitivity of blends. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 533–542, 1998     

Transesterification effects on miscibility polycarbonate/poly(butylene adipate-<Emphasis Type="Italic">co</Emphasis>-terephthalate) blends

The effects of transesterification on the miscibility of polycarbonate (PC)/poly(butylenes adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blends were investigated. The PC/PBAT blends were prepared with a twin-screw extruder, and then annealed at 260 °C for 5 h to trigger the transesterification reaction. ¹H NMR, FT-IR, and WAXD results indicated that transesterification in the annealed PC/PBAT blends took place and led to the formation of a random copolymer structure. Because the copolymer serves as a compatibilizer, the PC/PBAT blends showed improved miscibility, as confirmed by FE-SEM and DMA analyses. The compatible morphology achieved through transesterification ultimately increased the thermal stability of the PC/PBAT blends. We could thus conclude that transesterification in PC/PBAT blends forms a random copolymer which plays an important role as a compatibilizer and consequently improves the miscibility as well as the thermal properties of the blends.     

Bio‐based diblock copolymers prepared from poly(lactic acid) and natural rubber

New bio‐based diblock copolymers were synthesized from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and natural rubber (NR). NR polymer chains were modified to obtain hydroxyl telechelic natural rubber oligomers (HTNR). Condensation polymerization between PLA and HTNR was performed at 110°C during 24 or 48 h. The molecular weight of PLA and HTNR and the molar ratio PLA : HTNR were varied. The new ester linkage in the diblock copolymers was determined by ¹H‐NMR. The molecular weight of the diblock copolymers determined from SEC agreed with that expected from calculation. The thermal behavior and degradation temperature were determined by DSC and TGA, respectively. The diblock copolymers were used as a toughening agent of PLA and as a compatibilizer of the PLA/NR blend. PLA blended with the diblock copolymer showed higher impact strength, which was comparable to the one of a PLA/NR blend. The former blend showed smaller dispersed particles as showed by SEM images, indicating the increase in miscibility in the blend due to the PLA block. The compatibilization was effective in the blends containing ～10 wt % of rubber. At a higher rubber content (>10 wt %), coalescence of the NR and diblock copolymer was responsible of the larger rubber diameter in the blends, which causes a decrease of the impact strength. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41426.     

ABS/SMA/GF复合材料的制备及性能

以丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)及玻璃纤维(GF)为原料,以苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)作为界面相容剂,研究界面相容剂对玻璃纤维增强ABS复合材料力学性能及界面粘接的影响.结果表明:加入SMA玻纤增强ABS复合材料的力学性能明显提高;随着玻纤质量分数增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度均逐渐增加,冲击强度下降.