烧结温度对凝胶注模多孔Ni-Ti合金性能的影响

以TiH_2粉及雾化Ni粉为原料,采用凝胶注模成型技术,制备出Ni-Ti凝胶生坯,再通过真空干燥、脱脂以及烧结工艺制备出多孔Ni-Ti合金。运用XRD、SEM对多孔Ni-Ti合金进行了相成分及微观结构表征,分析了不同烧结温度对于多孔Ni-Ti合金孔隙率、力学性能、物相成分及微观形貌的影响。结果表明,随着烧结温度的增加,孔隙率降低,抗压强度和杨氏模量增加。对固相体积分数为45%的生坯,在1050℃下高真空烧结2 h,制备出孔隙率为42.65%,抗压强度为202.65 MPa,杨氏模量为17.14 GPa,主相为NiTi相的多孔Ni-Ti合金。基体满足人体骨性能需要。     

SPS制备NiTi表面多孔梯度合金的组织演变与力学性能研究

利用放电等离子烧结技术制备了基体为NiTi、表面为多孔NiTi的生物医用梯度合金,研究了烧结温度对梯度合金的微观结构、显微组织演变、表面孔隙特征及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着烧结温度升高,合金由Ti、Ni、Ti_2Ni、Ni_3Ti混合相逐渐演变为以NiTi相为主及少量残留Ti_2Ni、Ni_3Ti相组成的组织,基体与多孔层界面处裂纹及缺陷逐渐减少并形成稳定的冶金结合,内外层晶粒不断细化,但过高的烧结温度会导致多孔层孔隙融合连通,使得梯度结构遭到破坏,同时表面多孔层孔隙率与平均孔径呈缓慢减小趋势;合金压缩弹性模量随烧结温度升高变化不明显,而抗压强度呈显著增大趋势。与块体NiTi合金及多孔NiTi合金相比,所制备梯度合金不仅具有良好的界面结合和表层孔隙特征、较高的抗压强度及较低的弹性模量,还具有优异的超弹性性能。     

Ti-13Nb-13Zr表面多孔梯度合金的制备及性能研究

利用放电等离子烧结（SPS）技术制备了中间致密、表面多孔的Ti-13Nb-13Zr梯度合金,研究了烧结温度（950~1200 ℃）对梯度合金组织演变、界面结合、表面孔隙特征、力学及体外矿化性能的影响。结果表明：随烧结温度的逐步上升,梯度合金中α-Ti相减少,β-Ti相增多,组织逐渐连续均匀分布,晶粒得到细化,中间基体与多孔层界面呈连续过渡且形成良好的冶金结合,表面多孔层孔隙率下降而平均孔径减小;梯度合金抗压强度值随烧结温度升高呈先增大后降低趋势,而弹性模量值变化不大;综合分析,烧结温度为1150 ℃时,制备的表面多孔梯度合金不仅具有良好的力学性能（抗压强度893MPa,弹性模量16GPa）,而且具有适宜的孔隙参数（孔隙率34.7%,平均孔径340.9μm）及优异的类骨磷灰石形成能力与体外矿化性能。     

SPS烧结温度对NiTi/表面多孔Ti梯度合金组织和性能的影响

利用放电等离子烧结技术制备NiTi/表面多孔Ti梯度合金,研究不同烧结温度对梯度合金微观组织、表面孔隙特征、力学性能及体外生物活性的影响及机理。结果表明:随着烧结温度的升高,梯度合金组织由NiTi、α-Ti、Ni、Ti_2Ni、Ni_3Ti混合相逐渐转变为单一NiTi和α-Ti相,内外层界面形成良好冶金结合,表面孔隙率和平均孔径呈缓慢减小趋势;同时抗压强度值快速增大而弹性模量值变化不大;1000℃制备的梯度合金不仅具有良好的表面孔隙特征(孔隙率35.8%、平均孔径423μm)、较高的抗压强度(632 MPa)、较低的弹性模量(9 GPa)及优异的超弹性行为(超弹性恢复应变4%),而且体外生物活性显著提高。     

规则多孔钼的制备及其吸能特性研究

采用尿素作造孔剂,利用"层铺法"和真空烧结技术制备了孔隙率及孔隙结构可控的多孔钼材料。利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜研究了尿素含量、压制压力和烧结温度对多孔钼孔隙率和微观结构的影响。结果表明,"层铺法"能有效保证多孔钼孔隙的均匀分布及连通性;生坯致密度随压制压力的增大而增大;在1800℃烧结能获得良好的钼粉结合。在加载过程中,多孔钼主要通过孔隙壁的断裂、坍塌及孔隙壁碎片的摩擦来吸收能量。     

多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的制备工艺

以NH_4HCO_3为造孔剂,利用元素粉末混合烧结法制备了多孔NiTi形状记忆合金。研究了压制压力、烧结温度和烧结时间对多孔NiTi合金孔结构的影响,并分析了其物相组成。结果表明:随压制压力的增加,平均孔径和孔隙率逐渐减小;随烧结温度提高,多孔NiTi合金的平均孔径减小、孔隙率先增加后减少,孔隙分布趋于均匀;随烧结时间延长,多孔NiTi合金的平均孔径及孔隙率先增加后减少。在造孔剂添加量50%,压制压力250 MPa,烧结温度1000℃,烧结时间6 h条件下可制备出孔结构均匀(平均孔径为314μm,孔隙率56.3%)的多孔NiTi合金,其基体相为B2(NiTi)相。     

多孔钛的制备及力学性能研究

以NaCl作为造孔剂,采用粉末冶金法成功制备多孔钛。研究了烧结温度和NaCl添加量对多孔钛的孔隙率、物相结构、孔隙微观形貌及力学性能的影响。结果表明,制备出的多孔钛由α-Ti组成且无残留的NaCl存在;随NaCl添加量的增加,样品的孔隙率显著提高。随着烧结温度的升高,孔隙率变化规律不明显,而钛晶粒则逐渐变大。多孔钛的压缩屈服强度随NaCl添加量的增加而明显降低,而随烧结温度的升高先增加后降低。     

生物医用多孔Nb-Ti合金的孔隙率和力学性能

结合模板浸渍和粉末冶金烧结法,制备出具有良好孔隙性能和力学性能的多孔Nb-Ti合金。采用X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、力学试验机、体视显微镜(SM)以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM),研究Ti含量(0~15%,质量分数)对多孔Nb-Ti合金成分、力学性能、孔隙结构及微观形貌的影响。结果表明:Nb-Ti合金烧结过程完全,孔隙三维连通程度高,孔隙率为68.50%。随Ti含量从0增加到15%,合金的力学性能发生明显变化,其中抗压强度从(27.6±0.872)MPa增加到(59.3±1.354)MPa后降为(33.7±1.045)MPa,弹性模量从(0.21±0.0136)GPa增加到(0.46±0.0191)GPa。合金孔隙结构均匀化和三维连通程度增加,孔隙结构从块状转变为蜂窝状,颗粒间烧结颈长大,结合变紧密,Ti颗粒对Nb-Ti合金烧结的促进作用明显增强。多孔Nb-10Ti合金的孔隙形貌与松质骨类似,力学性能与人体松质骨相匹配,适合于医学植入应用。     

造孔剂法制备多孔钴基生物材料及性能

以NH4HCO3为造孔剂,采用粉末冶金烧结工艺制备出多孔钴基生物材料。并借助XRD、金相显微镜、扫描电镜和力学试验机对多孔钴的微观结构、形貌和性能进行了检测与分析。结果表明,多孔钴的孔隙特征受到NH4HCO3造孔剂粒度、形貌、含量和烧结温度的影响。在850℃烧结温度下,添加19%(质量分数)、270~380μm的NH4HCO3造孔剂,制备出的多孔钴性能最优,其相组成为单一的α-Co相,孔隙率为64.3%,密度3.18 g/cm3,孔径尺寸300~400μm,弹性模量为1.17 GPa,抗压强度60.9 MPa,与人体松质骨力学性能相匹配。     

镁造孔多孔NiTi合金的微波烧结制备与表征

为了获得轻质、高强和高阻尼的多孔NiTi合金,采用微波烧结协同镁造孔技术制备多孔NiTi合金.考察多孔NiTi合金的显微组织、力学性能、相变行为、超弹性和阻尼性能.结果表明:当烧结温度低于或等于900℃时,多孔NiTi合金主要由B2 NiTi相和少量B19'NiTi相组成.随着烧结温度的升高,多孔NiTi合金的孔隙率逐...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.