城域以太网技术及其应用

文章分析了城域以太网的核心技术——城域以太网的应用技术和安全技术，并以城域以太网论坛内容为基础，从城域以太网的架构、服务、网络保护和QoS、城域以太网的管理四个方面简要分析了城域以太网技术。最后，介绍了城域以太网技术的应用，即城域以太网提供业务的能力。     

论六种实时以太网的通信协议

在研究工业网络实时性要求的基础上，给出了工业以太网和实时以太网的定义，深入分析了6种主要实时以太网的通信协议。并概要论述了以太网运动控制、网络安全和以太网延伸至现场设备级等关键技术。同时，较全面地概述了我国ERA实时以太网技术及其标准。     

10G以太网在局域和城域网中的应用定位和发展趋势

以太网的发展已经经历了三个阶段,即以太网Ethernet阶段、快速以太网FE阶段和千兆以太网GE阶段。千兆以太网发展起来后,由于它具有成本低廉、互连性好、升级容易、组网简单、技术支撑厂家多、技术发展快的优势,千兆局域网已占据了整个局域网市场的大部分份额,成为设备的基本配置,甚至笔记本电脑的网卡也已经支持GE速率。最近10G以太网技术已日趋成熟,使得以太网的速度可以达到万兆。10G以太网技术简介10G以太网是以太网在速度和距离方面的自然演化,它的标准于2002年6月正式颁布。虽然以太网速度在不断提高,但是其基本帧格式仍保持不变,1…     

工业以太网在大中型污水处理厂中的应用

本文介绍了工业以太网在大中型污水处理厂中的应用。简单地介绍了工业以太网的技术特点,使用工业以太网技术是稳定的、可靠的、安全的,完全满足工业环境。详细地论述了工业以太网在污水处理中的应用过程,包括工业以太网系统的硬件组成、功能、污水处理过程中的应用,如何在Step7v5.5和Wincc7.2中编写工业以太网程序,以及中央控制室内可以实现的控制功能。在大中型污水处理厂中使用工业以太网技术可以实现真正意义上的管控一体化,采用工业以太网技术提高了污水处理的效率、降低了运营成本。     

工业以太网与现场总线组网的研究

本文在简要介绍以太网、LON和CAN现场总线的基础上，并对工业以太网以及以太网与现场总线(LON、CAN)的集成进行了分析与论述，提出了工业以太网的组建和以太网与现场总线组网具体实施的一种方案。     

城域以太网及其新标准

城域以太网作为城域网的主流技术已经取得了长足的发展。城域以太网论坛（MEF）推出了新的城域以太网的标准——Cartier Ethemet,推动了城域以太网的发展。在分析现有各种城域以太网的基础上,针对以太网升级到电信级城域网时在业务模型、端到端QoS、保护机制、操作、管理、维护等方面存在的不足,并对照MEF的Carrier Ethemet模型对这些不足进行了详细的分析,提出了解决这些问题的方法,并展望了Carder Ethemet的发展,为城域以太网新标准的实施提供参考。     

传统以太网升级和优化的相关技术

本文论述了传统以太网的基本特点及其存在的局限性,并分析研究了升级和优化传统 以太网的一些主要技术手段,如高速以太网技术、以太网交换技术、路由器技术及虚拟 局域网（ＶＬＡＮ）技术等,以期对以太网的设计、升级和优化工作有所借鉴和帮助。     

从EtherNet/IP工业以太网到工厂信息化技术

通过回顾以太网用于工业控制的历史，说明了工业以太网与传统以太网技术的根本区别，并简要介绍了开放式工业以太网技术EtherNet／IP的构成方式、发展和应用概况以及优势，并分析了工业以太网技术蓬勃发展的深刻动力及其与工厂信息化的关系。     

EPON在工业网络通讯中的应用

介绍了无源全光以太网EPON,描述了千兆以太网、交换式以太网和EPON构建工业网络的区别。     

新服务开路以太网夺城

到2003年,以太网已经诞生整整30周年了。30年来,以太网不仅在企业网一统天下,而且向城域网和广域网进军。最近,以太网技术在城域网的应用方面又有重大突破。城域以太网论坛(MEF)宣布了它最有意义的一项成就,就是基于以太网技术统一了城域网的工业标准,未来的城域网将是新型的、规范化的城域以太网(MEN)。MEF总裁陈子南先生最近详细介绍了最新的城域以太网标准。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.