四种“爱丽丝”牌消毒剂对五种细菌的杀菌效果比较

采用定量悬浮试验法,选择大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和无毒炭疽芽胞杆菌等菌株,对四种未知成份（５％浓度）的消毒剂进行了杀菌效果比较。结果表明,Ⅰ号消毒剂对各菌的杀灭效果均很差,Ⅱ号对沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭效果最好,Ⅲ号对多杀性巴氏杆菌的杀灭效果最好,Ⅳ号对大肠杆菌和炭疽杆菌的杀菌效果最好。比较而言,Ⅱ号消毒剂的杀菌效果最好,Ⅲ号、Ⅳ号次之。     

雏鸡鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和鸡伤寒沙门氏菌 混合感染的诊断

为对发病雏鸡群进行确诊,通过流行病学调查、病雏剖检观察及细菌分离鉴定,并对分离菌进行小白鼠接种观察,证实鸡群发生了由鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和鸡伤寒沙门氏菌混合感染引起的禽副伤寒和禽伤寒,其中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌是主要病原,感染率高于鸡伤寒沙门氏菌。药物敏感试验结果表明,分离菌对多种常见抗生素表现敏感。     

“K酉安”消毒剂对五种细菌的杀菌效能试验

“Ｋ酉安”消毒剂对五种细菌的杀菌效能试验吴范庚，郎洪武（中国兽药监察所，北京１０００８１）受天津凯伦化工制品有限公司的委托，采用定量杀菌法，测定＂Ｋ酉安＂消毒剂对多杀性巴氏杆菌（禽霍乱杆菌）、鸡大肠杆菌、鸡白痢鸡伤寒沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌四种病原菌...     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌ptfa基因PCR检测方法的初步建立

为建立一种禽多杀性巴氏杆菌的PCR检测方法,本研究根据GenBank中已发表的禽多杀性巴氏杆菌ptfa基因序列,设计与合成了一对特异性引物,建立了一种基于禽多杀性巴氏杆菌ptfa基因的PCR检测方法,并优化了反应条件,检测了该方法的特异性和敏感性。结果显示,该方法可成功扩增出禽多杀性巴氏杆菌ptfa基因片段,而鸡致病性大肠杆菌、鸡金黄色葡萄球菌和鸡白痢沙门菌均未扩增出相应片段。敏感性试验表明该方法可检测最低浓度为1pg/μL的禽多杀性巴氏杆菌基因组DNA。     

复方板黄口服液对畜禽常见病原菌的体外抑菌作用研究

为了研究板黄口服液对畜禽常见病原菌的体外抑菌作用,研究通过体外试验观察药物对禽巴氏杆菌、鸡葡萄球菌、鸡白痢沙门杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、牛巴氏杆菌、牛大肠杆菌的抑菌效果。结果表明:板黄口服液对鸡葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为125 mg/m L,对牛巴氏杆菌、禽巴氏杆菌、鸡白痢沙门杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、牛大肠杆菌的MIC均为250 mg/m L。说明板黄口服液对禽巴氏杆菌、鸡葡萄球菌、鸡白痢沙门杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、牛巴氏杆菌、牛大肠杆菌有很好的抑制作用。     

禽霍乱巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定及基因分型

为确定疑似禽霍乱病例病原种类及其病原基因型,本研究采用细菌分离技术对病原菌进行实验室分离培养,应用传统方法和分子生物学方法对分离细菌进行鉴定,并应用PCR扩增和基因序列分析对分离细菌进行基因分型。结果显示,分离菌具有多杀性巴氏杆菌（Pasteurella multocida,Pm）典型培养特征,菌落形态和菌体染色特征、生理生化特性均与多杀性巴氏杆菌相符;PCR扩增到457 bp的基因片段。采用5对分型引物对分离菌进行基因分型显示,仅有A型引物扩增到大小1 050 bp的目的基因片段,序列分析也显示分离菌荚膜基因与A型多杀性巴氏杆菌参考菌株荚膜特异性基因同源性高达97.6%~100.0%,系统进化与A型多杀性巴氏杆菌处于同一进化分支。结果表明,疑似禽霍乱病例病原为A型多杀性巴氏杆菌,本研究结果将为禽霍乱的防控提供参考资料。     

77株鸡致病菌对19种抗菌药物的敏感性试验

对从广东不同地区的养鸡场分离的７７株致病性大肠杆菌、沙门氏杆菌、禽多杀性巴氏杆菌和绿脓杆菌用１９种抗菌药物进行了敏感性试验。结果表明,４种试验菌对头孢氨苄、新霉素、环丙沙星和诺氟沙星的敏感度较高,禽多杀性巴氏杆菌和绿脓杆菌对庆大霉素,依诺沙星也较敏感。以上药物可作为防治这４种细菌病的首选药物。     

动物源性沙门菌的血清型、生物被膜形成能力和耐药性分析

本研究旨在探讨动物源性沙门菌的血清型分布、生物被膜形成能力及其耐药性.从不同动物病料中分离细菌,以PCR方法鉴定沙门菌,结合玻片凝集法和16S rRNA序列测定确定沙门菌的血清型和分布,结晶紫染色定量法检测分离株的生物被膜形成能力,药敏试验检测分离菌对常用药物的敏感性.结果共分离鉴定出58株沙门菌,包括鸡白痢沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、肠炎沙门菌、丙型副伤寒沙门菌、乙型副伤寒沙门菌、都柏林沙门菌和阿哥那沙门菌等7种血清型,其中鸡群以鸡白痢沙门菌感染为主,肠炎沙门菌次之;水禽以鼠伤寒沙门菌感染为主.生物被膜测定结果显示51.72％的沙门菌分离株可形成生物被膜,其中83.33％的鼠伤寒沙门菌可形成生物被膜.20种抗生素(氨基糖苷类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类、林可酰胺类、氯霉素类、青霉素类、四环素类和头孢菌素类)敏感性试验表明所有菌株对林可霉素耐药,51.72％对4种及其以上抗生素耐药,并出现了1株对所有受试抗生素均耐药的鼠伤寒沙门菌.结果表明鸡白痢沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌是为目前在家禽中分离的优势血清型;同时具有生物被膜形成能力和多重耐药性的沙门菌将对家禽疾病控制和公共卫生带来更大的威胁.     

我省部分地区死亡畜禽的病原分离及鉴定

本试验共收集了死亡畜、禽、胚病料537份,分离出致病菌220株。其中鸡97羽,分离出多杀性巴氏杆菌64株,葡萄球菌1株;火鸡76羽,分离出多杀性巴氏杆菌17株,葡萄球菌1株;猪51头,分离出多杀性巴氏杆菌8株,猪丹毒杆菌10株,大肠株菌2株;羊13头,分离出葡萄球菌2株,大肠杆菌3株;兔9只,分离出多杀性巴氏杆菌1株;火鸡死胚255枚,分离出葡萄球菌42株,沙门氏杆菌33株,绿脓杆菌15株,大肠杆菌4株,链球菌2株;死亡鸡胚25枚,分离出绿脓杆菌8株,葡萄球菌4株,大肠杆菌3株。上述结果表明:致死家禽的病原菌主要有多杀性巴氏杆菌和葡萄球菌。家畜除此而外还有猪丹毒杆菌和大肠杆菌。致死胚胎的细菌主要有葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、绿脓杆菌和大肠杆菌。本试验为减少畜禽的死亡和疫病的防治提供了依据,同时保存了地方菌株,为今后的科研和生产提供了保贵资料。     

浅谈规模化鸡场常见的细菌病

<正>鸡细菌性疾病是危害规模化鸡场较严重传染病之一,常见的细菌性疾病主要包括禽大肠杆菌、禽沙门菌、奇异变形杆菌、葡萄球菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌等,其中禽大肠杆菌、禽沙门菌对不同日龄的鸡均有易感性,尤其对雏鸡和产蛋鸡危害较大,感染率和死亡率均较高。其中大肠杆菌对雏鸡致死率高达90%,沙门菌对雏鸡的致死率高达80%,且感染途径广泛,可以通过卵直接垂直传播。禽大肠杆菌和禽沙门菌可以造成产蛋鸡的卵黄腹膜炎,降低生产性能,引发其他疾病。而且,大肠杆菌病和沙门菌易产生耐药性,成为临床中常见疾病之一。     

Disinfectant tests at 20 and 10 degrees C to determine the virucidal activity against circoviruses

To evaluate virucidal activity against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), four disinfectants were tested under laboratory conditions. As basis to perform the testing the "Guidelines for testing chemical disinfectants" of the German Veterinary Association (DVG-guidelines) were applied. For simulation of field conditions, the tests were carried out in virus carrier tests, at 20 and 10 degrees C, and under protein load (40% foetal calf serum (FCS) in virus suspension). For disinfection of PCV2 at 20 degrees C an exposure time of 120 min in 2% Disinfectant 1 (20% glutaraldehyde, 12% 2-propenal, polymer with formaldehyde) or Disinfectant 2 (55% formic acid, 7% glyoxylic acid) was necessary. 1% of Disinfectant 3 (Component 1: Potassium peroxomonosulphate. Component 2: Active detergents) disinfected PCV2 on carriers within 180 min. After a reaction time of 120 min with 1% and 60 min with 2% Disinfectant 4 (21% glutaraldehyde, 17% formaldehyde) there could not be detected any virus. Reduction on effectivity through temperature reduction to 10 degrees C were more significant for aldehyde containing preparations Disinfectant 1 and Disinfectant 4 than for Disinfectant 2 and Disinfectant 3. These losses on effectivity could be corrected through extension of exposure time or increase of concentration.     

Impact of different husbandry conditions on contact and airborne transmission of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus to chickens

Typically highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses spread very rapidly among chickens within sheds. However, the spread was slower than expected for the initial 10 days of the index farm in Japan during 2004. This slow spread, as well as the lack of gross lesions, clinical signs, or high mortality, hindered the field veterinarian from reporting a suspected HPAI outbreak to the veterinary office. To understand the field conditions for the slow virus spread, we examined contact and airborne transmission of the H5N1 virus to chickens in a negative-pressure isolator using various numbers of infected chickens and separate compartments. We found that the contact transmission did occur inefficiently when one or two chickens were infected, whereas the transmission was efficient when four chickens were infected. Airborne transmission of the HPAI virus was also dependent on the number of infected chickens and was less efficient than contact transmission. These data together with field observations suggested that number of infected chickens, chicken house types, and amount of environmental contamination might affect the virus transmission efficiency to chickens.     

3个地方鸡种的核型及其似近系数分析

运用外周血淋巴细胞培养法，对我国3个地方鸡种(仙居鸡、北京油鸡、狼山鸡)染色体核型进行了研究，结果显示：仙居鸡、北京油鸡、狼山鸡染色体形态十分相似，No．1、No．2、No．8、Z、W染色体都为m型；No．6染色体都为sm型；No．3、No．5、No．7、No．9染色体都为t型，仅在No．4染色体形态和W染色体的相对长度表现出一定的差异。此外，核型似近系数和进化距离聚类分析表明，7个地方鸡种(另收集了鹿苑鸡、寿光鸡、泰和鸡和旧院黑鸡的资料)可分为3个类群，其结果与起源进化，产地分布大致相同。     

The effect of lactic acid sprays on Campylobacter jejuni inoculated onto poultry carcasses.

Spraying poultry carcasses with 1% lactic acid 10 min after inoculation with Campylobacter jejuni, resulted in a significant reduction in the number of the bacteria after 4 h at 4 degrees C. Some of the inoculated cells, however, survived for at least 144 h. Spraying 10 min after inoculation with 2% lactic acid, totally eliminated all inoculated C. jejuni within 24 h. On the other hand, spraying 24 h after inoculation, with either 1% or 2% lactic acid did not eliminate all the bacteria. Inoculated C. jejuni on poultry carcasses not sprayed with lactic acid, survived at 4 degrees C throughout the sampling period (up to 144 h) and showed little tendency to decrease in number even when the carcasses started to deteriorate. Resident campylobacters on poultry carcasses were significantly reduced by the lactic acid treatment. Frozen and thawed chickens appeared to show a graying of the skins immediately after spraying with lactic acid, slightly stronger with 2% lactic acid, but the colour reverted to normal after 24 h. We were not able to observe any colour change on the fresh broiler chickens after lactic acid treatment. Our results indicated that lactic acid had a significant bactericidal effect on C. jejuni on both naturally and artificially contaminated poultry carcasses. This effect, however, became manifest only several hours after acid treatment.     

乙烯利和萘乙酸对温州蜜柑疏花疏果的影响

本试验以30年生国庆1号温州蜜柑 (Citrus unshiu cv. Guoqing No.1) 为材料,在盛花期、和/或盛花后一周、两周喷施不同浓度的乙烯利和萘乙酸,比较不同处理疏花疏果的效果。结果发现：盛花期、盛花后一周和两周喷施乙烯利的疏花效果都很显著,盛花期喷施400mg/L、800mg/L的乙烯利,盛花后一周和两周喷施200mg/L、400mg/L、800mg/L的乙烯利,均能达到完全疏除的效果;盛花后一周喷施不同浓度的萘乙酸有显著的疏花疏果效果,坐果率均低于1%,且浓度为600mg/L时能完全疏除,而盛花后两周喷施萘乙酸只有600mg/L才有显著的疏花疏果效果,且能完全疏除。     

Hypophagic and dipsogenic effect of the 5‐HT1A receptor agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT in broiler chickens

The effects of the 5‐HT_1A receptor agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT on food and water intake in male broiler chickens were investigated. The injection of 25 or 50 μg/kg of 8‐OH‐DPAT 15 min before refeeding in fasted animals produced a decrease in food intake. No effect was observed in drinking. The injection of 25 or 50 μg/kg of the 8‐OH‐DPAT 60 min after the start of refeeding did not produce any significant modification in food intake. No effect on drinking was recorded. The agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT injected 15 min before water presentation in water‐deprived chickens, produced an increased drinking 60 min after the presentation of water. No effect on food intake was observed. The results show that the effect on food intake of the agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT in fasted–refed broiler chickens was similar to those observed in mammals and layer‐strain chickens. However, the agonist did not alter significantly the food intake when the broilers were fed 60 min before the injection. These results are contrary to the observed effects in mammals and in layer‐strain chickens. Probably, the selection for rapid growth rate in broilers causes modifications in the feeding control pattern. The comparison between broilers and layers strain may be a useful tool to elucidate the complex mechanisms involved in food and water intake regulation in chickens.     

外排泵抑制剂小肽1号对抗菌药抗菌活性的影响

为了观察外排泵抑制剂小肽1号对抗菌药抗菌活性的影响,本试验采用标准微量稀释法,测定了6类8种抗菌药单用和与小肽1号联用对12株临床分离鸡大肠杆菌的MIC值。结果表明,12株鸡大肠杆菌中有9株为产超广谱酶的多重耐药菌株,小肽1号（1∶2）使恩诺沙星等8种药物的抗菌活性多数增强2倍,使氟苯尼考对A8、A15的抗菌活性增强了4倍,小肽1号（1∶2或1∶4）使恩诺沙星、甲替沙星、环丙沙星的抗菌活性增强2倍,使左旋氧氟沙星对A13的抗菌活性增强4倍。以上结果表明,细菌外排泵抑制剂-小肽1号对大多数药物的抗菌活性有一定的增强作用,产酶多重耐药的鸡大肠杆菌至少同时存在产ESBLs、外排泵两种耐药机制。     

抗禽流感新药“呼毒灵”的效果与作用机理研究

针对禽流感病毒(AIV)的复制特点和致病机理,初步研制成功了抗流感新药“呼毒灵”,并从细胞免疫的角度上对其机理进行了研究。将96只30日龄AIV阴性AA肉鸡随机均分为5组,第1组不接毒,不给药;第2～5组静脉接种AIV,其中第5组作为接毒对照,其余在接毒的当天分别饲喂“呼毒灵”1、2、3号药;第6组仅静脉接种未感染病毒的鸡胚尿囊液。结果表明,给1号和3号药的鸡发病率和死亡率均显著降低,有效率分别为93.75％和75％。淋巴细胞转化结果表明,“呼毒灵”1号和3号药具有调节细胞免疫功能,抵抗由于AIV感染引起的细胞免疫抑制作用。     

Reproduction of adenoviral gizzard erosion by the horizontal transmission of fowl adenovirus serotype 1

The horizontal transmission ability of fowl adenovirus (FAV) serotype 1 99ZH strain, isolated from chickens exhibiting gizzard erosion, was investigated. Twelve 13-day-old specific pathogen-free chickens were inoculated orally with 10(6) TCID(50)/0.05 ml of the strain. An in-pen contact group (chickens in the same pen with inoculated chickens), hedge contact group (chickens in a pen connected with pens housing inoculated chickens), non-contact group (chickens in a separate pen placed at a distance of 70 cm from the connected pens), human exposure group (chickens in the next room and attended last every day) and negative control group were examined. Each group consisted of 11 or 12 uninoculated chickens. Gizzard lesions were grossly or histologically observed from 10 days after exposure (DAE) in the in-pen contact group, and from 15 DAE in the hedge contact and non-contact groups. The FAV gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction performed on cloacal swabs taken on 5 and 13 DAE from chickens in both contact groups, and on 20 and 26 DAE from those in the non-contact group. Serum neutralizing antibodies against FAV serotype 1 were detected in chickens from 13 and 26 DAE in both contact groups and in the non-contact group, respectively. In the human exposure and negative control groups, no infection was observed. We conclude that FAV-99ZH strain spreads rapidly through direct contact with inoculated chickens, and slowly through non-contact transmission, and that adenoviral gizzard erosion is reproduced by this horizontal transmission.