美容切口在腮腺手术中的运用

目的：尝试改良腮腺手术切口，以尽最大可能使切口瘢痕隐蔽。方法：对16例腮腺良性肿瘤患者（其中多形性腺瘤10例、腺淋巴瘤6例）采用耳前切口向下至耳垂后向后延伸至发际并沿发际边缘延伸的改良切口入路行腮腺区肿瘤及浅叶切除、面神经解剖术，术中尽量保留耳大神经，并随访1年观察术后切口隐蔽情况和手术预后。结果：所有患者均达到Ⅰ期愈合，无涎瘘和感染发生。术中术野暴露清晰，操作方便。术后2例患者出现暂时性面瘫，分别于1和2个月后恢复正常。其余患者未出现面神经损伤症状。16例患者中12例出现术后耳垂麻木，除耳大神经被切断者4例耳垂麻木症状无改善外其余8例均于术后3个月后恢复感觉。另外4例患者因手术切口为颞部和耳前切口未切至耳大神经区术后无耳垂麻木症状。患者对术后切口美观程度满意。术后随访1年无1例患者出现复发。结论：改良切口行腮腺区良性肿瘤及浅叶切除、面神经解剖术，术中术野暴露清晰，操作方便，不易损伤面神经，切口隐蔽，具有临床应用价值。     

美容切口经腮腺入路复位固定髁颈骨折的临床应用

目的:探讨穿腮腺入路行髁颈骨折坚固内固定的改良美容切口及治疗效果。方法:对29例(30侧)髁颈骨折患者选用改良切口经腮腺入路行切开复位内固定术。结果:术后3个月复查骨折复位良好,张口度和咬合关系恢复正常,面部瘢痕隐蔽,并发症少。部分患者术后出现暂时性面神经损伤(4例侧,13.3%)、单侧后牙开牙合(3例侧,10.0%),经对症治疗后均恢复正常。结论:改良美容切口经腮腺直接入路行髁颈骨折切开复位内固定术,操作直观、复位固定可靠,手术时间短,美观性强。     

耳屏周小切口在腮腺良性肿瘤切除中的应用

【摘要】目的评估耳屏周小切口在腮腺良性肿瘤切除术中应用的临床价值。方法30例腮腺良性肿瘤患者,应用耳屏周小切口行浅叶部分切除、保留面神经和耳大神经的腮腺良性肿瘤切除术。术后随访3～24个月,观察耳屏周小切口的美观度及临床疗效。结果所有患者均临床Ⅰ期愈合,术后腮腺功能良好,无涎瘘发生。随访,患者双侧外形对称,无凹陷等畸形,手术切口隐蔽,患者对耳周切口美学效果满意。本研究中出现术后暂时性面瘫患者2例,皮质激素并配合神经营养药物综合治疗后3个月均恢复正常;出现术后耳垂麻木不适患者4例,手术后3～10个月均逐渐恢复。本研究中所有患者均未出现味觉出汗综合征,无肿瘤复发。结论耳屏周小切口隐蔽、瘢痕小、并发症低,术后美容效果理想。     

耳后-发迹内切口在切除上颈部良性肿瘤中的应用

目的:探讨耳后发迹内切口入路在切除上颈部良性肿瘤的可行性及美容效果。方法:12例上颈部良性肿瘤患者(其中男8例,女4例),采用耳后-发迹内切口入路作病变切除术。结果:全部病变被完整切除,切口愈合良好,瘢痕隐蔽,无耳大神经和面神经下颌缘支损伤,经平均16个月随访,病变无复发。结论:耳后-发迹内切口入路切除上颈部良性肿瘤是可行的,并可获得理想的美容效果。     

除皱美容切口在腮腺良性肿瘤手术中的应用

目的:探讨除皱美容切口在腮腺良性肿瘤手术中的临床疗效和美容效果。方法:腮腺良性肿瘤26例,采用美容切口、保留腮腺主导管的区域性切除,并对术后临床疗效和美容效果3~18个月的随访。结果:所有患者均达到I期愈合,无涎瘘和感染发生,术后切口隐蔽、瘢痕不明显,腮腺区外形良好,腮腺分泌功能基本正常。患者对面容和功能的恢复均较满意,肿瘤无复发。结论:应用除皱美容切口的腮腺良性肿瘤切除术既保证了手术的整体质量,又取得了较好的术后美学效果。     

腮腺良性肿瘤手术的美容设计

目的：探讨如何通过改良术式达到腮腺良性肿瘤手术的美学效果。方法：改良术式手术治疗腮腺良性肿瘤75例。术式中对以下方面作了相应改良：切口设计、耳大神经的保护、腮腺区域性切除、胸锁乳突肌瓣的应用、腮腺残端的处理等。随访观察该切口的美观程度以及临床疗效。结果：所有患者均达临床一期愈合,无涎瘘发生。13例患者术后出现暂时面瘫,3个月后恢复。所有患者术后均出现不同程度的耳垂麻木,于术后2个月恢复。患者对该切口的美观程度比较满意。结论：改良的腮腺肿瘤术式提高了手术的整体质量,克服了部分经典腮腺手术带来的美观方面的缺陷。     

改良腮腺良性肿瘤切除术的美学效果

目的：探讨改良功能性腮腺良性肿瘤切除术的临床效果和美学效果。方法：收集32例腮腺良性肿瘤病例,采用腮腺美容切口、保留耳大神经、腮腺区域性切除和SMAS筋膜填塞（或植入脱细胞真皮基质）等改良腮腺良性肿瘤切除术,随访6～24个月,通过问卷调查患者面部外形满意度、腮腺区味觉出汗症状和术区感觉恢复情况,临床检查和淀粉碘试验评价面部外形、面神经功能和Freys综合征。结果：术后切口均Ⅰ期甲级愈合,随访6～24个月,腮腺区外形良好,凹陷畸形不明显。28例面神经功能评价为House-Brackmann分级Ⅰ级,4例为II级;3例术侧耳垂麻木,术后3～8个月触觉、痛觉和温度觉逐渐恢复;1例出现Freys综合征;术后美容效果满意率100%。结论：应用改良腮腺良性肿瘤切除术尽可能保留了术后腮腺功能,有效减少了术后多种并发症的发生,获得了良好的美学效果。     

腮腺良性肿瘤的美容功能性术式临床应用

目的：探讨通过改良术式提高腮腺良性肿瘤手术的美容效果和功能的恢复。方法：手术治疗腮腺良性肿瘤47例,术式中对切口位置、SMAS腮腺筋膜瓣和胸锁乳突肌瓣的应用、保留导管的腮腺区域性切除、面神经及耳大神经的保护、腮腺残端及创区的处理等方面作了相应改良。并对术后美容效果和功能的恢复进行3～18个月的随访检查。结果：术后颌面部切口隐蔽瘢痕不明显,腮腺区外形良好,无凹陷畸形,无涎瘘和Frey氏综合征,耳垂和耳廓背部皮肤感觉功能及腮腺分泌功能基本正常。患者对面容和功能的恢复均较满意,未见肿瘤复发。结论：改良的腮腺肿瘤术式提高了手术的整体质量,取得了较好的美学和功能效果。     

耳后隐蔽切口逆向解剖面神经在腮腺部分切除术中的临床应用

目的:探讨耳后隐蔽切口沿下颌缘支逆向解剖面神经在腮腺部分切除术中的临床疗效。方法:选取2015年1月-2018年1月收治的62例腮腺肿瘤患者进行观察,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组采用传统“S”形手术方法,观察组采用耳后隐蔽切口沿下颌缘支逆向解剖面神经方法,术后对患者进行随访,比较两组术后面神经功能、手术并发症、切口瘢痕评分及患者对术后切口美容效果的满意度。结果:术后随访6~12个月,两组面神经功能分级情况比较,观察组面神经功能分级以Ⅰ~Ⅲ级为主,明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组涎瘘、Frey综合征、耳垂麻木以及口干等并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月和术后12个月观察组评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后12个月,观察组患者满意度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:耳后隐蔽切口沿下颌缘支逆向解剖面神经的腮腺部分切除术面神经功能保护较好,并发症少,切口美容效果好,值得临床推广应用。     

完全腔镜甲状腺手术328例体会

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨完全腔镜下甲状腺手术的可行性及术中避免神经损伤及甲状旁腺损伤的方法。方法〓采取完全乳晕入路、前胸壁入路及乳沟入路完成腔镜下甲状腺切除术手术328例。结果〓328例手术成功,无中转开放手术。术后有2例甲状旁腺损伤,出现麻木及抽搐,给予钙剂治疗后恢复;5例喉返神经麻痹,出现声音嘶哑,给予理疗好转,平均恢复时间1~4个月,1例术后出现分离间隙淤血,后经穿刺抽液三次后愈,胸前水肿一个月后消褪。术后患者均自述有术区麻木感,1~3个月后自行消除。全部患者对切口美容效果满意,术后随访1~30个月,无复发。结论〓完全腔镜下甲状腺手术是一个安全有效的手术方法,在心理微创与美容效果有明显的优势。     

Endoscope-assisted partial–superficial parotidectomy through a concealed postauricular skin incision

Background  This study evaluated the feasibility of endoscope-assisted partial–superficial parotidectomy through a concealed postauricular skin incision. Methods  Endoscope-assisted partial–superficial parotidectomy through a concealed postauricular skin incision was performed for 18 cases of benign tumor located in the superficial lobe of the parotid gland. Results  All 18 operations were successfully performed endoscopically. This new approach provided safe dissection of the facial nerve and exposed working space. Two patients had transient facial paresis and recovered in 1 and 2 months, respectively. The duration of the procedure was 90 to 120 min. The patients were satisfied with the almost invisible scar. Conclusions  Endoscope-assisted partial–superficial parotidectomy is a feasible method for treatment of benign tumors located in the superficial lobe of the parotid gland. The main advantage of this procedure is that the small operative scar is concealed in the postauricular area, resulting in improved cosmesis. Presented orally at the International and 9th National Head and Neck Tumor Conference, Wulumuqi, China, 7–11 September 2007.     

内镜辅助下腮腺浅叶部分切除术与传统腮腺浅叶部分切除术的比较研究

目的 评价内镜辅助下腮腺浅叶部分切除术的可行性.方法 38例腮腺浅叶良性肿物患者接受传统腮腺手术(20例)及内镜辅助下腮腺部分切除术(18例).内镜辅助下腮腺手术切口分别采用下颌角后下(第1切口)和耳垂后上(第2切口)两小切口,各长约2～2.5 cm,采用面神经下颌缘支逆行解剖法施行手术.结果 38例腮腺良性肿瘤均完整切除,内镜组手术时间与传统腮腺手术相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),手术出血量小于传统腮腺手术出血量(P<0.01).内镜组18例患者术后均对面容满意,其中12例(66.6%)术后对于耳大神经保护满意,1例发生暂时性轻微口角偏斜,1个月后恢复;1例发生积涎腺液,再加压2周后恢复.术后两组随访24～50个月(平均39个月),无肿瘤复发.结论 内镜辅助下腮腺浅叶部分切除术适用于腮腺浅叶良性肿物的手术治疗,该术式有助于改善患者术后面容.     

Recurrent pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland

Twenty-seven patients with recurrent pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland were seen. This study confirms that superficial parotidectomy with identification and dissection of the facial nerve greatly decreases the incidence of recurrent benign pleomorphic adenoma, and, in the small number that recur, are easier to cure. All lumps in the parotid area should be approached in the same manner, with the surgeon prepared to isolate the facial nerve and perform superficial parotidectomy. This technique is successful because it avoids dissection near the tumor capsule, which is the major cause of recurrence. The procedure recommended for treatment of patients to remove the first recurrent tumor is total parotidectomy and excision of the previous scar. This vigorous approach is dictated by the increasing difficulty of removing further recurrent tumors. Only 67% of patients with recurrent tumors ultimately achieve a tumor-free status. Experienced surgeons can preserve the facial nerve even after multiple operations.     

SMAS fold flap and ADM repair of the parotid bed following removal of parotid haemangiomas via pre- and retroauricular incisions to improve cosmetic outcome and prevent Frey's syndrome.

The growth of parotid haemangiomas during the proliferative phase may be rapid and unpredictable. Involution often takes many years, with attendant psychological sequelae to the child. Although conservative management is usually proposed for parotid haemangiomas occurring in infancy, this may not be particularly helpful and the haemangioma difficult to conceal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliable and aesthetic benefit of using a superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) fold flap and allograft dermal matrix (ADM) repair of the parotid bed following parotid haemangiomas via pre- and retroauricular incision. Forty-three paediatric patients (33 boys and 10 girls) with haemangiomas involving the parotid gland underwent total parotidectomy using a pre- and retroauricular approach with intraoperative placement of ADM within the parotid bed. They further underwent repair of the parotid bed with SMAS fold flaps. A panel of three plastic surgeons assessed the cosmetic outcomes. All of the patients were evaluated using a short questionnaire; postoperative gustatory sweating was assessed using a modification of Minor's starch-iodine test.     

包膜外切除术治疗腮腺下极良性肿物的临床应用分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨应用包膜外切除术治疗腮腺下极良性肿瘤的临床疗效。方法〓回顾性分析2000年~2010年收治的腮腺下极良性结节患者151例。151例患者均于术前或术中冰冻明确为良性。其中91例行腮腺肿物包膜外切除术,60例行腮腺浅叶切除术+面神经解剖术。结果 所有手术均顺利完成,平均手术时间对照组为112.5±20.3 min,观察组为71.5±13.5 min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有患者术后随访4~14年,平均7.6年。在术后并发症方面,观察组术后涎瘘、暂时性面瘫、口干和Frey’s综合征等总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者对切口瘢痕满意度为97.8%,高于对照组的86.7%;观察组患者暂时性面瘫恢复时间也短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组复发率无显著差异。结论〓对于腮腺下极良性小结节患者,腮腺肿物包膜外完整切除术可以高效、安全的切除肿物,减少术后并发症的发生。     

Rhytidectomy and Parotidectomy Combined in the Same Patient

Until now, aesthetic goals in parotid surgery have seldom been addressed because oncologic concerns have largely overshadowed aesthetic issues for patients with parotid masses. Fortunately, the majority of parotid masses are benign pleomorphic adenomas that rarely recur, leaving a large group of patients healthy after their parotid surgery, with some desiring aesthetic improvement in their facial appearance. Traditional parotidectomy incisions leave a visible scar on the neck as well as a visible hollow in the retromandibular region, which can extend onto the cheek. A rhytidectomy approach to the parotid gland allows for a more concealed, aesthetically appealing scar while maintaining good visibility and access to the parotid gland. By performing bilateral sub-SMAS (superficial musculoaponeurotic system) rhytidectomy after a parotidectomy, facial symmetry and balance is enhanced, and these aesthetic deformities can be minimized. The SMAS flap can help to fill the hollow and form a tissue barrier over the resected gland to prevent gustatory sweating. Finally, the incision scarring is minimized with a rhytidectomy-type approach. Two cases are reported in which patients underwent both rhytidectomy and parotidectomy. In the one case, the procedures were performed in the same surgical setting. In the other case, they were performed in a delayed fashion. These cases exemplify the possibility of addressing facial aesthetic goals of rejuvenation in a patient requiring parotid resection.     

Complications of superficial parotidectomy versus extracapsular lumpectomy in the treatment of benign parotid lesions.

A total of 46 patients with benign parotid gland tumours have been operated upon between 1979 and 1989 in the Department of Otolaryngology at Leicester Royal Infirmary. Thirty-one were pleomorphic adenomas, six Warthin's tumours and nine miscellaneous tumours or tumour-like lesions. Extracapsular lumpectomy without facial nerve preparation was used in 31 cases (67%) and superficial parotidectomy in 15 cases (33%). One case of permanent partial facial palsy and one recurrence occurred in patients who underwent superficial parotidectomy. Frey's syndrome occurred in 40% of patients undergoing superficial parotidectomy. No permanent palsy, recurrence or Frey's syndrome occurred after extracapsular lumpectomy. These results suggest that extracapsular lumpectomy may reduce the morbidity rate in carefully selected patients.     

Extracapsular dissection of benign parotid tumors using a retroauricular hairline incision approach

Extracapsular dissection has emerged as a more conservative approach to parotid surgery. The parotid surgery commonly begins with a modified Blair or facelift incision. Although minor, the incision scar from these incisions is visible on the face and neck. I initially developed a retroauricular hairline incision (RAHI) for the removal of benign lesions in the upper neck with a more esthetic look. The RAHI approach also may be used for selected patients with benign parotid neoplasms. Mobile benign tumors arising in the inferior superficial part of the parotid gland may be removed by the RAHI approach without compromising surgical visualization. This surgery appears to show excellent cosmetic outcomes in addition to the benefits of extracapsular dissection, lower complication rates, and preservation of secretory function. The RAHI without a preauricular incision is a feasible technique in the surgical management of parotid tumors.