Dot-Like Hemosiderin Deposition on T2*-Weighted MR Imaging Associated with Nonhypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Microangiopathy, a disorder often related to hypertension, is an important cause of deep intracerebral hematoma (ICH). The microangiopathy is associated with dot-like low-intensity spots (a dot-like hemosiderin spot: dotHS) on gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR images that have been histologically diagnosed as old microbleeds. The locations of dotHS are consistent with deep ICH. METHODS: To investigate how dotHS or other risk factors contribute to nonhypertensive deep ICH, the number and location of dotHSs, as well as other risk factors were examined in 213 deep ICH patients (106 males, 107 females, age: 37-94 (65.8 +/- 11.2) years) consecutively admitted to Hakodate Municipal Hospital. Patients were divided into two subgroups according to the presence or absence of hypertension. DotHSs were also divided into deep and subcortical dotHS and investigated independently. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated from logistic regression analyses. Furthermore, nonhypertensive ICH patients were compared with nonhypertensive healthy volunteers matched for age and sex. RESULTS: No risk factors were identified in the 31 nonhypertensive deep ICH patients that differed from those found in the 182 hypertensive deep ICH patients. Deep dotHS > or = 1 (OR: 25.5; 95% CI: 4.76-137; P = .0002), subcortical dotHS > or = 1 (OR: 9.0; 95% CI: 1.79-44.9; P = .046), diabetes mellitus (OR: 9.0; 95% CI: 1.53-52.3; P = .015), and smoking (OR, 9.6; 95% CI; 1.8-49.8, P = .007) significantly elevated the risk of nonhypertensive ICH, compared to the healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that deep and subcortical dotHSs may be risk factors for the development of non-hypertensive deep ICH.     

Hematoma Size in Deep Intracerebral Hemorrhage and its Correlation with Dot-Like Hemosiderin Spots on Gradient Echo T2*-Weighted MRI

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dot-like low intensity spots (dot-like hemosiderin spots: dotHSs) on gradient echo T2*-weighted MRI have been histologically diagnosed to represent old cerebral microbleeds associated with microangiopathies. They have also been correlated to the fragility of small vessels and the tendency to bleed. Therefore, a substantial number of dotHSs might be associated with a large-sized, deep intracerebral hematoma (ICH). On the other hand, dotHSs may reflect old microbleeds that did not enlarge to symptomatic size. METHODS: To investigate how dotHSs are related to the size (maximal diameter) of primary deep ICH, we analyzed the diameter and the number of dotHSs in 151 patients with deep ICH not associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage or intraventricular hemorrhage (75 males and 76 females, age ranged from 37 to 90 [65.7 +/- 11.3 years old] who were consecutively admitted to Hakodate Municipal Hospital. The hazard ratio (HR) for a maximal diameter of deep ICH < or =2 cm was estimated, using the number of dotHSs and risk factors for stroke. RESULTS: The number of dotHSs associated with the diameter < or =2 cm was 9.2 +/- 11.5, significantly larger than that with the diameter > or =2 cm (4.7 +/- 7.0, P= .012). Multivariate analysis revealed that a maximal diameter of deep ICH of < or =2 cm was found in patients with dotHS (HR, 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-10.1; P= .009). CONCLUSION: Though small sample size limited the power of our analyses, these findings suggest that the number of dotHSs may be associated with a small diameter of deep ICH.     

Dotlike Hemosiderin Spots Are Associated With Past Hemorrhagic Strokes in Patients With Lacunar Infarcts

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dotlike hemosiderin spots ongradient-echo T2(*)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain have been histologically diagnosed as old microbleeds associated with small vessel disease (SVD). The authors hypothesize that the presence of many dotHSs may be correlated with the fragility of small vessels and the recurrence of SVD, including lacunar infarction and deep intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: To investigate how dotHSs are related to past history of SVD, the number of subcortical or deep dotHSs was investigated in 146 patients with lacunar infarctions (95 men, 51 women, age 38 to 90 [66.6+/-9.4] years). They were divided into 2 subgroups according to history of deep ICHs or lacunar infarctions. The odds ratio (OR) for past history was estimated from logistic regression analyses with the number of subcortical or deep dotHSs as well as other factors. RESULTS: Of 146 patients with lacunar infarctions, 11 had past symptomatic ICHs and 19 had past symptomatic lacunar infarctions. An elevated rate of history of ICH was found for lacunar infarction patients with many deep dotHSs (>or=3; OR, 9.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-51, P=.015). However, history of lacunar infarction was not significantly associated with the number of subcortical or deep dotHSs. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that many deep dotHSs on T2(*)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging may be correlated with deep ICH-lacunar infarction type of SVD recurrence but not lacunar infarction-lacunar infarction type.     

Dot-like Hemosiderin Spots on Gradient Echo T2*-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Are Associated With Past History of Small Vessel Disease in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Lipohyalinosis is considered an important cause of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), including hypertensive intracerebral hematoma (ICH) and lacunar infarction. Dot-like low-intensity spots (dot-like hemosiderin spots [dotHSs]) on gradient-echo T2*-weighted (T2*-w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been histologically diagnosed as old microbleeds associated with microangiopathies (lipohyalinosis, amyloid angiopathy) and located in territories of perforating arteries (deep dotHSs) and subcortical regions (subcortical dotHSs). If dotHSs indicate the severity of lipohyalinosis, larger numbers of deep dotHSs may be associated with past history of SVD. METHODS: The number of dotHSs was investigated in 213 patients with deep ICH (106 men, 107 women, 37 to 94 years old, mean age = 65.8 +/- 11.2 years). Patients were divided into 2 subgroups according to past history of SVD. Odds ratio (OR) for the history was estimated from logistic regression analyses of the number of deep or subcortical dotHSs, as well as other factors. RESULTS: Of 213 patients, 36 had a past history of SVD (symptomatic deep ICH in 18, symptomatic lacunar infarction in 17, and both in 1). An increased rate of history of SVD was found for patients with subcortical dotHSs. The OR per 1 subcortical dotHS was 1.09 (95% confidence internal (CI), 1.03-1.17; P =.005), and per deep dotHS, the OR was 1.07 (95% CI, 1.00-1.13; P =.039). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that deep and subcortical dotHSs on T2*-w MRI may indicate the severity of microangiopathy and may predict recurrence of SVD in patients with deep ICH.     

磁敏感加权成像在脑出血中的应用价值

目的 探讨MRI磁敏感加权成像(SWI)在脑出血中的应用价值.方法 对12例经CT确诊的脑出血患者于发病2 d内及2周后分别进行MRI常规序列及SWI扫描,并进行血肿分期及对各序列的病灶显示率、微出血灶的分布和出血量评估.结果 在12例脑出血患者中,共发现33处出血灶.SWI、T,WI、T<,2>WI、Flair序列对...     

卒中合并脑微出血的影像学研究

目的 探讨ICH和脑梗死患者合并脑微出血（cerebral microbleeds，CMBs）数量分级及部位分布差异。 方法 连续选取2017年8月-2018年12月在北京市大兴区人民医院神经内科病房住院且资料完整的 卒中患者，分为ICH和脑梗死两组。收集患者发病2周内头颅MRI磁敏感加权成像影像，统计ICH与脑梗 死患者中CMBs数量分级及部位分布特点。 结果 共入组患者234例，其中ICH组79例，脑梗死组155例。ICH组合并CMBs 65例（82.3%），其中 CMBs＞5个的患者41例（51.9%）；脑梗死组合并CMBs 73例（47.1%），其中CMBs＞5个的患者21例 （13.6%），两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。ICH组中，CMBs同时累及脑叶和深部脑组织的患者40例 （50.6%）；脑梗死组中，CMBs同时累及脑叶和深部脑组织的患者25例（16.1%），两组差异有统计学意 义（P＜0.001）。 结论 CMBs病灶＞5个多见于ICH患者；CMBs同时累及脑叶及深部脑组织多见于ICH患者。     

内蒙古通辽市脑出血和冠心病危险因素的对比分析

目的 探讨内蒙古通辽市脑出血与冠心病患者危险因素的分布.方法 随机抽取该地区3级和2级综合医院各3家病案室中2003～2005年诊断为脑出血、冠心病的患者病历资料共3867份,对其发病的相关危险因素进行调查和分析.结果 内蒙古通辽市人群脑出血和冠心病的基线资料中所调查危险因素都有统计学意义;单因素回归分析发现,性别、年龄、民族、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、三酰甘油、血糖等10个因素均有统计学意义.对这10个变量进行多因素Logistic逐步回归分析,性别、年龄、吸烟、既往高血压史、既往糖尿病史、三酰甘油、血糖、高血压8个变量进入模型.结论 与冠心病相比,年龄、吸烟、既往糖尿病史、三酰甘油对脑出血影响相对较小,而性别、既往高血压史、血糖、高血压对脑出血影响相对较大.     

既往卒中病史对缺血性脑血管病患者卒中结局的影响研究

目的 探讨中国人群中首发和复发缺血性脑血管病患者的临床特征和卒中结局差异。 方法 本研究基于全国多中心前瞻性中国国家卒中登记研究Ⅲ（the third China national stroke regi stry,CNSR-Ⅲ）,连续纳入2015年8月-2018年3月急性缺血性卒中或TIA患者,收集人口学信息、血 管危险因素、既往用药史及病因分型系统（causative classification system,CCS）等临床资料,记录随 访3个月和1年时卒中结局。卒中结局包括卒中复发（缺血性卒中或出血性卒中）、联合血管事件（卒中、 心肌梗死及血管性死亡事件）、脑血管病源性死亡及不良功能结局（mRS＞2分）。依据患者既往是否 有卒中病史分为有卒中病史组和无卒中病史组,比较两组的临床特征及卒中结局差异,并分析卒中病 史与卒中结局间的关系。 结果 最终纳入15 166例患者,平均年龄62.2±11.3岁,其中女性4802例（31.7%）;有卒中病史患者 3355例,无卒中病史患者11 811例。有卒中病史组患者年龄,冠心病、高血压、脂代谢紊乱、糖尿病、心 房颤动比例,既往用药史比例、入院NIHSS评分、住院期间降糖和降压治疗比例均高于无卒中病史组, 目前吸烟和重度饮酒比例、入院时LDL-C水平及住院期间抗血小板治疗比例低于无卒中病史组,差 异均有统计学意义。两组CCS分型的分布差异有统计学意义,其中有卒中病史组大动脉粥样硬化型和 心源性栓塞型卒中比例高于无卒中病史组。多因素分析结果显示,卒中病史是随访3个月不良功能结 局（校正OR 1.25,95%CI 1.09～1.44,P =0.002）,随访1年卒中复发（校正HR 1.44,95%CI 1.25～1.67, P＜0.001）、联合血管事件（校正HR 1.43,95%CI 1.24～1.64,P＜0.001）、脑血管病源性死亡（校正 HR 1.42,95%CI 1.12～1.80,P =0.004）、不良功能结局（校正OR 1.63,95%CI 1.42～1.88,P＜0.001）的 危险因素。 结论 有无卒中病史的缺血性卒中患者的临床特征及随访结局差异较大,尽管患者进行卒中二级 预防治疗,卒中病史仍然是患者1年卒中复发、联合血管事件、脑血管病源性死亡及不良功能结局的 危险因素。     

高血压脑出血术后再出血的原因分析

目的：探讨高血压脑出血术后再出血的原因及对策。方法回顾性分析2003年8月～2012年8月在苏州大学附属第一医院行高血压脑出血手术治疗的712例患者的临床资料,采用X2检验对各原因进行单因素分析。结果术后2周内46例患者发生再出血,再出血率为6．46％,其中87％的患者术后再次出血发生在术后48 h内。凝血功能异常、高血压病程大于10年、血肿位于小脑、超早期手术及术后血压剧烈波动是术后再出血危险因素。结论积极纠正凝血异常患者凝血指标,掌握合适手术时机,术中严密止血,术后加强监护,维持血压平稳是控制术后再出血关键。     

高血压脑出血术后再出血危险因素的Meta分析

目的 通过Meta分析探讨高血压脑出血(HICH)术后再出血的相关危险因素,为防止发生术后再出血提供循证医学依据.方法 通过检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学数据库(CBM)及PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library数据库,查找20...     

Association of promoter polymorphism -857C/T (rs1799724) in tumor necrosis factor gene with intracerebral hemorrhage in Korean males

Background and purpose: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic stroke, having deleterious effects on cerebral arteries by promoting inflammation and apoptosis in vascular and immune cells. In this study, we investigated genetic association between TNF gene and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in a Korean population. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TNF gene [?857C/T (rs1799724) and -308G/A (rs1800629)] were selected and genotyped using direct sequencing in 144 ICH patients and 455 control subjects. Genotype distribution and allele frequency were compared between cases and controls using logistic regression.

Results: ?857C/T was significantly associated with ICH in log-additive [odds ratio (OR) = 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14–2.24, p = 0.0081], and recessive models (OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.28–8.27, p = 0.016). The frequency of the ?857TT genotype increased in ICH patients. Allele frequency analysis also showed that the ?857T allele was associated with an increased risk of ICH (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.15–2.30, p = 0.006). In the analysis according to the gender, we found that the association of ?857C/T was gender–different. The ?857C/T was significantly associated with ICH only in males (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.24–3.19, p = 0.0043 in males; OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.76–2.22, p = 0.34 in females).

Conclusion: These results suggest that promoter polymorphism of TNF gene, ?857C/T, may be involved in the susceptibility of ICH in males.     

他汀类药物服用持续性对缺血性卒中患者复发的影响

目的 研究健康教育对他汀类药物服用持续性的影响,以及他汀类药物服用持续性对大动脉粥样硬化性缺血性卒中患者复发的影响.方法 本研究患者源于2013年7月-2015年6月的前瞻性队列研究——缺血性脑血管病患者二级预防、康复技术的综合疾病管理模式的推广研究.该研究采用随机数字表法将入组医院以4:1分为健康教育组(北京24所医...     

脑出血患者早期血肿扩大相关危险因素的临床分析

目的探讨脑出血后早期血肿增大的相关危险因素。方法299例脑出血患者,根据病情演变及脑CT变化,分为血肿增大组和血肿稳定组,对两组患者病史、临床特点、生化指标及头颅CT特征进行对比分析。结果299例患者中,69例出现血肿增大,发生率为23%,其中23例发生在24h内;基底节区不规则血肿、血压持续升高、肝功能受损、大量饮酒及长期口服抗血小板聚集药物的患者,易发生血肿扩大,两组比较有显著性差异(P(0.05)。结论脑出血后血肿增大多发生在24h内,长期口服抗血小板聚集药物、发病后血压持续增高、肝功能受损可能为血肿增大的主要危险因素。