经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术治疗老年人二尖瓣狭窄的临床观察

目的 探讨经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)治疗老年人二尖瓣狭窄的疗效、安全性及并发症的预防.方法 采用改良的房间隔定位法及运用跨二尖瓣技术对老年二尖瓣狭窄患者行逐步球囊扩张.手术前后分别记录即刻左心房压、肺动脉平均压、二尖瓣跨瓣压差及二尖瓣口面积,并进行手术后随访.结果 PBMV有效扩大了二尖瓣口面积,与术前比较,术后左心房压下降[分别为(25.3±6.7)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)与(16.4±5.8)mm Hg]、二尖瓣跨瓣压下降[分别为(17.6±6.7)mm Hg与(6.8±2.9)mm Hg]、肺动脉压下降[分别为(38.6±12.1)mm Hg与(29.2±9.8)mm Hg],二尖瓣口面积增加[分别为(1.05±0.22)cm2与(1.61±0.38)cm2],心功能明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).随访结果表明,PBMV疗效稳定.结论 PBMV操作技术的改进能明显改善老年患者二尖瓣狭窄症状,显著降低手术的并发症.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the improved percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) in elderly patients with mitral stenosis. Methods Elderly patients with severe mitral stenosis received an improved PBMV which included a modified way of atrial septal puncture and technique across the mitral valve. The left atrial pressrue (LAP), mean pulmonary pressure (MPA), mean gradient across the mitral value (MPG) and mitral valve area (MVA) were recorded and compared before and after the operation. Long term follow up were made. Results After operation, the LAP decreased [(25.3±6.7) mm Hg vs.(16.4±5.8) mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 Kpa], MPG decreased [(17.6±6.7) mm Hg vs.(6.8±2.9) mm Hg], MPA decreased [(38.6±12.1) mm Hg vs. (29.2±9.8) mm Hg], MVA increased [(1.05±0.22)cm2 vs.(1.61±0.38)cm2] and the New York heart association heart function classification improved. The follow-up result showed that the effect of PBMV was constant. Conclusions Improved PBMV may be an effective and safe measure for patients with mitral stenosis.     

Assessment of the Outcome of Severe Mitral Stenosis during Late Pregnancy

Objectives Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) is one way to improve the rheumatic mitral stenosis. How does the procedure work in gravida and fetus is not very clear. We analyzed the effects and safety of PBMV operation on pregnant patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis. Methods Eight pregnant patients suffering from severe mitral stenosis underwent facilitated PBMV operation with Inoue balloon, and were followed up for (2.0±1.1) years. Contents included outcome of pregnancy, infant growth, hemodynamics, echocardiography, cardiac function, mitral valves replacement or repeat valvuloplasty. Results Mitral valve area (MVA) before, one week and one year after facilitated PBMV were (0.84±0.21) cm2, (1.69±0.23) cm2 and (1.51±0.24) cm2 respectively. The transmitral pressure gradient dropped from (22.1±4.7) mm Hg to (9.9±3.1) mm Hg (P<0.001) (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa). After facilitated PBMV, all patients showed remarkable immediate symptomatic and hemodynamic improvement without severe mitral regurgitation. All of these patients could maintain New York heart association (NYHA) Ⅰ or Ⅱ for (2. 0±1.1) years after the operation. Two patients demanded induced abortion concerning about the teratogenic effect of X-ray on fetus. All the other six patients continued their gestation and had full-term cesarean section without complications. Their newborns developed healthy and normally till now. Conclusions Facilitated PBMV is a feasible, safe and effective device for selected pregnant patients with mitral stenosis. The operation is well tolerated by the fetus.     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄合并心房颤动的一站式介入治疗

目的：初步探讨经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty,PBMV)联合导管射频消融(radiofrequency catheter ablation,RFCA)治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄(mitral stenosis,MS)合并心房颤动的有效性和安全性。方法：2018年1月至2022年9月，接受PBMV联合RFCA一站式治疗的风湿性MS合并抗心律失常药物抵抗的心房颤动患者8例，回顾性分析其临床资料，观察围术期及随访期内疗效及不良事件。结果：持续性心房颤动6例，阵发性心房颤动2例。平均年龄为(59.1±11.2)岁。术后，平均左心房压(left atrial pressure,LAP)从(16.1±3.6)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)下降至(7.9±4.1)mmHg，二尖瓣口面积(mitral valve area,MVA)从(1.2±0.4)cm²增加到(1.8±0.4)cm² (压差降半时间，pressure half time,PHT法)(P<0.05)。平均随...     

二尖瓣球囊扩张术和机械分离术的临床评价

目的探讨二尖瓣球囊扩张术和机械扩张术治疗二尖瓣狭窄的特点和治疗效果。方法2001年2月～2002年8月,采用二尖瓣球囊扩张术(percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty,PBMV)治疗二尖瓣狭窄52例,评分(7±1);采用机械扩张术(percutaneous mechanical mitral commissurotomy,PMMC)治疗二尖瓣狭窄36例,评分(10±2)。对术后24h、1年的心脏超声检查随访结果进行对比分析。结果PBMV成功率94%(49/52);PMMC成功率92%(33/36)。PBMV后二尖瓣面积(mitral valve area,MVA)(1.7±0.2)cm2,PMMC后MVA(2.1±0.5)cm2,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。心包填塞并发症:PBMV发生率5.7%;PMMC5.5%。PBMV和PMMC增加二尖瓣反流面积大于3cm2例数分别占14%(7/52)和10%(3/33),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后1年,PBMV组需外科换瓣手术3例,PMMC组无手术换瓣病例。结论PBMV和PMMC都是治疗二尖瓣狭窄有效的方法,P...     

经导管封堵心脏人工瓣膜置换术后周围漏

目的 探讨经导管堵闭器封堵外科瓣膜置换术后人工瓣膜周围漏(PVL)的可行性、有效性和安全性.方法 回顾性分析外科瓣膜置换术后诊断为PVL的5例患者,其中主动脉瓣机械瓣置换术后PVL 2例,二尖瓣生物瓣置换术后PVL 2例,主动脉瓣和二尖瓣机械瓣置换术后二尖瓣PVL1例.封堵前后检查超声心动图以评价疗效.结果 患者均采用国产封堵器进行堵闭.2例主动脉瓣PVL封堵术后无残余;3例二尖瓣PVL堵闭术后残存微量至少量反流.其中1例主动脉瓣PVL患者介入术中出现心脏穿孔、心包填塞,经穿刺引流后痊愈.3例二尖瓣PVL患者出现术后早期溶血,于术后1～3周恢复.与术前比较,3个月随访期间左心室舒张末期内径减小[(52.2±6.8)mm比(61.1±7.2)mm,P＜0.05],肺动脉收缩压下降[(40.0±5.4)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)比(57.0±3.6)mm Hg,P＜0.05],二尖瓣PVL患者左心房内径减小[(49.0±4.3)mm比(56.0±6.3)mm,P＜0.05].结论 经导管封堵人工瓣置换术后PVL可行而且安全、有效,在具备适应证患者中可作为治疗选择.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of transcatheter closure of paravalvular leak (PVL) with Chinese-made occlder. Methods Five PVL patients were involved in this study, 2 out of the 5 patients underwent aortic mechanical valve replacements, 2 underwent mitral bioprosthetic valve replacements, and the remaining 1 underwent double mechanical valve replacement. Left ventricular end diastolic diameter, left atrial diameter and the systolic pulmonary artery pressure were assessed by echocardiography before and post the procedure. Results Complete occlusion without residual regurgitation was achieved in 2 patients with aortic PVL, for the 3 patients with mitral PVL, there was only tiny or mild mitral paraprosthetic leak remained post closure procedure. Cardiac perforation and pericardium tampenade occurred in 1 patient with aortic PVL during interventional closure and the patient recovered post emergent pericardiocentesis. Transient severe hemolysis and hemoglobinuria occurred in 3 patients with mitral PVL post closure procedure and they recovered after 1 to 3 weeks concervative therapy. During 3 months follow up, left ventricular end diastolic diameter [( 52. 2 ± 6. 8 ) mm vs. ( 61.1 ± 7.2 ) mm, P ＜0. 05], the systolic pulmonary artery pressure [(40. 0 ±5.4) mm Hg( 1 mm Hg =0. 133 kPa) vs. (57. 0 ±3.6) mm Hg, P ＜ 0. 05] and left atrial diameter of mitral PVL patient [( 49. 0 ± 4. 3 ) mm vs. ( 56. 0 ±6. 3) mm, P ＜ 0. 05] were significantly reduced compared to before closure procedure. Conclusion Percutaneous or transapical left ventricular access closure of PVL is feasible, effective and relative safe in selected patients.     

Mapping and ablation of atrial arrhythmia after valve surgery plus mini-maze procedure

Background Recurrent atrial arrhythmia is very common in patients after mitral valve surgery plus mini-maze procedure.Investigation about the mechanism for these patients may have important implication to improve the surgery strategy.Methods Mini-maze procedure was defined as follow: Pulmonary vein encircling incision and roof line connecting the two circles lesion,left atrial isthmus lesion,and the right atrial isthmus lesion.There were 517 patients with rheumatic valvular disease and pre-operative atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing valve surgery plus mini-maze procedure in our hospital in the last 3 years,and 93 patients(18%) had recurrent atrial arrhythmia.Twelve patients(6 males and 6 females,mean age 53.8±7.8 ys) underwent electrophysiological study using 3-D mapping system(10 pts) or conventional mapping method(2 pts).Results The first recurrent time from surgery was 4.4±2.2 months.The mean follow-up time after catheter ablation was(12.0±6.0) months.One patient with sinus bradycardia had recurrent incessant atrial tachycardia (AT),but the AT was terminated by catheter position and never could be induced any more.She underwent a repeat procedure but failed just as the course in the first time, and was treated with DDDR pacemaker plus amiodarone.Six patients had 10 kinds of stable AT,including 5 at right atrial isthmus,2 at roof line,1 related to right atrial incision, 1 at anterior wall of left atrial,and 1 related to left superior pulmonary vene.All the stable AT were eliminated and remained sinus rhythm.Three patients had ATs with variable cycle length and the 3-D mapping suggested macro-reentry AT around mitral annulus.We tried to ablate at routine mitral isthmus and also in coronary sinus,but could not reach bi-directional conduction blocking.The other 2 patients were AF with reconnection at all previous ablation sites.Ablation strategy for AF included lesion at re-conduction sites and complex fractionated atrial electrogram.The patients with AF and mitral isthmus related AT were administrated with     

左心房压变化对经皮球囊二尖瓣扩张术预后的预测价值

目的:研究平均左心房压(LAMP)变化对经皮球囊二尖瓣扩张术(PBMV)预后的预测价值.方法:2001- 01至2006-12在我院成功行PBMV患者167例,其中105例资料完整并完成2年随访,失访患者21例,资料不完整41例.手术采用改良的Inoue球囊法.导管测定患者PBMV术前、术后LAMP,计算左心房压变化,由临床医师对患者的心功能进行评价,并于术前及术后2年行6分钟步行试验(6MWT).应用超声心动图测定患者术前及术后2年二尖瓣瓣口面积(MVA),二尖瓣跨瓣压差(MVG)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心房内径(LAD)等参数.随访时间为2年.将术后2年6分钟步行试验与术后一周6分钟步行试验对比,心脏原因导致的死亡、二尖瓣置换术、重复PBMV、心力衰竭等设为评价预后的指标.将105例患者分为预后好组 (n=66)和预后差组 (n=39).结果:①预后好组与预后差组比较Wilkins评分、术后即刻二尖瓣反流程度、术前及术后2年LAMP、术前二尖瓣瓣口面积、术后2年左心房内径、术前及术后2年6分钟步行试验、术后2年肺动脉压两组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05~0.001).②多元Logistic回归分析LAMP变化、术后肺动脉压程度及术后二尖瓣反流程度纳入回归方程.结论:LAMP变化、术后肺动脉压程度及术后二尖瓣反流程度为PBMV术后预测预后的预测因素.     

球囊扩张术对风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄合并三尖瓣反流患者的近中期疗效分析

目的:探讨二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)治疗风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄合并三尖瓣反流患者疗效和安全性.方法:选择60例二尖瓣狭窄合并三尖瓣反流患者,以76%泛影葡胺17 ml递增法扩张,每次增加0.5～1 ml,扩张终点使左心房压下降50%以上,或左心房平均压达到15 mmHg以下,二尖瓣区舒张期隆隆样杂音消失或明显减轻.结果:60例患者经PBMV后二尖瓣口面积(1.6±0.3)cm2,较术前(0.9±0.3)cm2显著增加(P＜0.01);术后三尖瓣反流面积(6.2±4.0)cm2,较术前(10.3±6.4)cm2显著减少(P＜0.01);术后左心房直径(45.4±7.4)mm,较术前(49.7±7.9)mm显著减小(P＜0.01),术后右心房直径(28.7±5.6)mm, 较术前(46.5±6.3)mm显著减小(P＜0.01),术后左心房平均压(15.6±6.1)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)较术前(25.5±6.6)mmHg显著减小(P＜0.01),术后右心房压力(13.2±2.4)mmHg较术前(18.5±4.7)mmHg显著下降(P＜0.01);二尖瓣区舒张期隆隆样杂音从中重度减为轻度,收缩期吹风样杂音从术前0～1/6级升高到1～2/6级,胸闷气促症状明显缓解,即术前可登楼2～4层即感觉胸闷气促,术后可以登4～7层,随访2个月～9年,无并发症的发生.结论:PBMV治疗风湿性心脏病二尖瓣中重度狭窄合并三尖瓣轻中度反流患者,可以减轻症状,减轻三尖瓣返流面积,改善生活质量,近中期疗效确切,安全性好.     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的中远期随访研究

目的评价经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty,PBMV)的中远期疗效、再狭窄率及影响因素。方法我院1996年1月至2001年6月资料完整的83例PBMV中,男性12例(14.46%),女性71例(85.54%),年龄20~68岁,平均41.56±10.68岁。随访5~10年,平均3.1±2.4年。收集术前、术后2天以及5~10年超声心动图和临床评估资料进行回顾性分析。结果PBMV术后二尖瓣口面积(MVA)由术前1.05±0.23cm2增大为1.98±0.27cm2(P<0.01),95.18%患者心功能改善1级以上。在5~10年随访中,81.93%患者心功能维持在Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,生存率98.8%,MVA面积逐步缩小为1.69±0.27cm2,再狭窄率为31.33%。多重逐步回归分析示心房颤动心律(偏回归系数1.2140,P=0.0015)、术前心功能(偏回归系数1.2234,P=0.0008)、Wilkins评分(偏回归系数1.2187,P=0.0056)与术后和随访中MVA大小和心功能的维持有显著相关关系。结论PBMV术后可保持良好的中远期疗效,术前窦性心律、Wilkins评分≤8分、心功能良好的患者远期疗效最佳。     

起搏治疗梗阻性肥厚型心肌病的长期疗效

目的 评价起搏治疗对梗阻性肥厚型心肌病（obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy，OHCM）左心室流出道梗阻及临床症状的长期疗效。方法 25例OHCM患者接受起搏治疗，临床随访12个月，观察临床症状体征;采用超声心动图观察起搏前后室间隔厚度（interventricular septum thickness，IVS）、左心室后壁厚度（left ventricular posterior wall thickness，LVPW）、左心室舒张末内径（left ventricular end diastolic dimension，LVEDd）、左心室收缩末内径（left ventricular end systolic dimension，LVEDs）、左心房内径（left atrial dimension，LAD）、跨左心室流出道压力阶差（left ventricular outflow tract gradient，LVOTG）、及二尖瓣前向运动程度（mitral valve systolic anterior motion，SAM）、二尖瓣反流面积（mitral valve area，MVA）的变化。结果 OHCM 25例，植入双腔生理性起搏器（DDD）21例，占84%，单腔抑制频率调节起搏（SSIR）4例，占16%。起搏治疗12个月后，临床症状明显改善，15例晕厥发作术后症状完全消失，劳力性呼吸困难、胸痛改善分别占82.6%和75.0%，LVOTG显著下降，从术前（90±24）mmHg降至术后（37±13）mmHg（P〈0.01），IVS、LAD、MVA减少，SAM运动明显改善，其他指标差异无统计学意义。结论 起搏治疗对OHCM长期临床效果满意。     

风心病二尖瓣狭窄合并窦性心律患者经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后即刻P波离散度变化与左房平均压变化之间的关系

目的探讨风心病二尖瓣狭窄合并窦性心律患者经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)后即刻P波离散度(Pd)变化与左心房(左房)平均压(LMAP)变化之间的关系。方法选取成功进行PBMV风心病二尖瓣狭窄合并窦性心律患者32例,测量PBMV术前、术后即刻Pd、LMAP、二尖瓣口面积(MVA)及左房大小(LAS),计算Pd变化值,并与LMAP、MVA和LAS变化值行相关性分析。结果PBMV术后即刻Pd与LMAP明显减小(P<0.05)、MVA明显增加(P<0.05)、LAS无明显变化(P>0.05);Pd变化值仅与LMAP变化值之间具有相关性。结论风心病二尖瓣狭窄合并窦性心律患者PBMV术后即刻Pd变化与LMAP变化可能有关,提示心房牵张可能是引起风心病二尖瓣狭窄合并窦性心律患者Pd变化的原因。     

二尖瓣形态对经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术近远期疗效的影响

目的 观察不同瓣膜形态的二尖瓣狭窄患者行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的近远期疗效.方法 根据Wilkins超声二尖瓣形态学积分,将385例二尖瓣狭窄患者分为＞8分组(125例)和≤8分组(260例).均采用改良Inoue法对患者行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术.术后进行随访,并比较两组患者的临床疗效.结果 经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术成功370例,＞8分组经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的成功率低于≤8分组(92.8％比97.7％,P＜0.05).术后6个月,两组患者各项超声心动图检查指标均较术前显著改善(均P＜0.05);与≤8分组(254例)比较,＞8分组(116例)经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后左心房平均压、肺动脉收缩压、跨瓣压差及二尖瓣瓣口面积的改变值均较小[分别为(14.22±5.02)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)比(15.44±5.19) mm Hg、(26.13±9.27) mm Hg比(31.93±9.98)mm Hg、(9.21±4.11)mm Hg比(10.16 ±4.21)mm Hg和(1.02±0.15)cm2比(1.20±0.22)cm2,均P＜0.05].经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术成功且完成远期随访[(78±20)个月]的患者共353例,两组患者各项超声心动图检查指标均较术前显著改善(均P＜0.05);与≤8分组(245例)比较,＞8分组(108例)左心房平均压、肺动脉收缩压、跨瓣压差及二尖瓣瓣口面积的改变值均较小[分别为(13.28±5.06) mm Hg比(14.77±5.17)mm Hg、(21.19±9.17) mm Hg比(28.92±9.91) mm Hg、(7.30±4.40)mm Hg比(9.16±4.28)mm Hg和(0.92±0.17)cm2比(1.07±0.20)cm2,均P＜0.05],且再狭窄发生率较高(20.4％比8.2％,P＜0.05).结论 二尖瓣瓣膜形态是决定经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术疗效的关键因素之一.对于超声二尖瓣形态学积分低的患者,经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术成功率较高,术后近期及远期随访疗效较好,再狭窄发生率较低,治疗方案可优先选择经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术.     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的远期疗效

目的 观察经皮球囊三尖瓣成形术近期及远期疗效.方法 自1992年4月至2008年11月采用Inoue单球囊法对1768例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)治疗.对其中自1992年4月至1998年8月426例术后10年患者进行随访.球囊扩张前后均采用同步记录左心房和左心室压力,计算二尖瓣跨瓣压差.术前、术后及随访中均采用超声心动图检查和临床心功能评价.结果 1748例完成PBMV治疗,成功率为98.86%.左心房平均压由术前(38±7)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)下降至(12±4)mm Hg(P<0.001),二尖瓣平均跨瓣压差由术前(28±6)mm Hg下降至(8±3)mm Hg(P<0.001),二尖瓣口面积由术前(0.98±0.26)cm~2增加至(1.97±0.39)cm~2(P<0.001).主要并发症为死亡2例,急性心包填塞1例,肺水肿1例,重度二尖瓣反流12例,脑栓塞2例.426例PBMV术后10年随访,心功能仍然维持在纽约心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级而未冉进行PBMV或换瓣术者288例(67.6%),冉狭窄140例(33.3%),死亡31例(7.5%).结论 PBMV是治疗风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄的有效方法 .     

再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术39例远期疗效观察

目的 观察经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后再狭窄的患者,行再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的远期疗效.方法 39例经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后再狭窄的患者,全部采用改良Inoue法,再次行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术,并进行远期疗效随访.结果 39例患者再次行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术,成功36例(成功率为92.3%).再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术成功后,患者临床症状及部分血流动力学指标(左心房平均压、二尖瓣瓣口面积、跨瓣压差及肺动脉收缩压)明显改善[分别为(24.50±6.54)mm Hg比(9.66±4.21)mill Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),(1.05±0.19)cm2比(2.23±0.22)cm2,(17.03±4.52)mm Hg比(7.79±4.07)mm Hg,(58.12±12.68)mm Hg比(31.45±10.02)mm Hg,P均＜0.05];而左心房内径无明显改变[(4.71±0.75)cm比(4.07±0.69)cm,P＞0.05]. 36例患者再次经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后随访12～146(69±23)个月,远期随访可见二尖瓣瓣121面积仍明显大于术前[(2.02±0.21)cm2比(1.05±0.19)cm2,P＜0.05],跨瓣压差明显小于术前[(9.15±4.11)mm Hg比(17.03±4.52)mm Hg,P＜0.05],且均与近期随访结果相近似[分别为(2.02±0.21)cm2比(2.23±0.22)cm2,(9.15±4.11)mm Hg比(7.79±4.07)mm Hg,P均＞0.05];而左心房内径仍无明显改变[(4.13±0.71)cm比(4.07±0.69)cm,P＞0.05].远期随访期间,大多数患者心功能及生活质量均明显改善.结论 对于经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术后再狭窄的患者,只要病例选择恰当,手术操作正确,再次行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术的近期及远期疗效均佳.     

经皮二尖瓣扩张术治疗老年及老年前期患者二尖瓣狭窄

目的　探讨经皮经房间隔穿刺二尖瓣扩张治疗老年和老年前期患者二尖瓣狭窄的临床意义。方法　 86例患者采用一步法经皮经房间隔穿刺球囊扩张治疗二尖瓣狭窄。手术前后分别记录右心房压、左心房压、肺动脉压 ,二尖瓣口面积 ,并进行手术后随防。结果　 86例患者中 83例治疗成功 ,3例失败 ,其中 1例为术中急性心包填塞 ,2例术后出现中度二尖瓣反流。术后即刻 ,左心房压、肺动脉压下降 ,二尖瓣口面积增加 ,心功能改善。 4 2例患者随访(4 .4± 2 .1)年 ,1例出现再狭窄 ,1例原因不明猝死 ,1例因二尖瓣反流行瓣膜置换术 ,其余患者心功能和生活质量明显改善。结论　对年龄≥ 5 0岁伴轻度二尖瓣和 (或 )主动脉瓣反流 ,瓣膜钙化或瓣下结构病变的二尖瓣狭窄患者 ,可安全有效地施行球囊二尖瓣成形术。     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴左室偏小患者球囊扩张术后的近期临床观察

目的　观察风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴左室偏小患者经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术 (PBMV)的球囊直径及扩张后心功能 ,血流动力学及心腔大小的变化。方法　选择风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴左室偏小患者共 2 7例 ,采用Inoue法行PBMV ,球囊扩张直径为身高 / 10 +10mm ,分别测定其扩张前后左房及左室压力 ;随访其术前及术后近期心功能 ;超声评价术前 1周、术后 1周、1、3、6月二尖瓣瓣口面积、二尖瓣跨瓣压差、最大肺动脉收缩压及心腔大小的变化。结果　扩张即刻左房压力及二尖瓣跨瓣压差明显下降 ,舒张期杂音减轻 ,左室舒张末期压力增加 ;术后一周左房内径变小 ,左室内径增大 ,心功能改善不明显 ;术后一月左房内径变小 ,左室内径增大及心功能改善均达最佳效果 ,并维持至观察结束时。结论　风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴左室偏小患者仍可以球囊直径 =身高 / 10 +10mm进行扩张 ;术后 1周心腔大小明显变化 ,1月达最佳效果 ;心功能的改善 1月才达最佳效果。     

One-year outcome of cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in patients with mitral stenosis after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty

Our objectives were to study the success rate of electrical cardioversion after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) in patients with symptomatic moderate-to-severe mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation (AF) and the maintenance rate of sinus rhythm for < or =1 year. We studied patients with mitral stenosis and AF who were scheduled for PBMV. Electrical cardioversion was performed 1 month after PBMV. Amiodarone 200 mg/day was started the day after PBMV. The primary outcomes studied were the rate of successful cardioversion and the maintenance rate of sinus rhythm at 12 months. Of 272 patients scheduled for PBMV, 70 were enrolled. The average age was 45 +/- 10 years. The average mitral valve area was 0.82 +/- 0.22 cm(2). Cardioversion was successful in 50 patients (71%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that left atrial size and associated aortic valvular disease were predictors of successful cardioversion. Of the 50 patients with successful cardioversion, AF recurred in 24 (48%). An increased left atrial diameter was the only factor associated with AF recurrence at 12 months. In conclusion, good candidates for cardioversion after PBMV were those with a left atrial diameter of <60 mm and no associated aortic valvular disease -- approximately 43% of patients with AF scheduled for PBMV. In this group, about 2/3 were in sinus rhythm at 12 months after cardioversion.     

经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术394例随访结果

目的　观察经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)治疗风湿性心脏病(风心病)二尖瓣狭窄的中、远期疗效。方法　采用Inoue单球囊对680例风心病二尖瓣狭窄者行PBMV术治疗,其中394例进行了随访。平均随访时间(36±14)个月。结果　二尖瓣平均跨瓣压差由(18.2±6.8)mmHg降至(7.2±3.8)mmHg,瓣口面积由(1.04±0.21)cm2增至(1.98±0.55)cm2,左房内径由(44±8)mm降至(38±6)mm;8例出现明显再狭窄,其中5例再次PBMV术,3例行瓣膜置换术。结论　随访结果证实,PBMV治疗风心病二尖瓣狭窄的中、远期效果良好,瓣膜条件特别是瓣下病变的程度是影响中、远期疗效的重要因素。     

经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张形术前后血栓素及前列环素水平的变化

对51例成功实现经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张成形术(PBMV)的患者,于术前、术后分别测定血栓素(TXB2)及6-酮前列环素F1a(6-K-PGF1a),并与30例正常人作对照。测得数值与二尖瓣口面积(MVA)、左房内径(LAD),二尖瓣跨瓣压差(MVPG)、心脏指数(CI)、平均左房压(MLAP)及右室收缩压(RVSP)进行相关分析。结果表明PBMV前TXB2高于对照组,6-K-PGF1a低于对照组(P＜0.05);PBMV后TXB2较术前降低,6-K-PGF1。增高(P＜0.01);TXB2与MVA呈负相关(r=-0.48,P＜0.05)。提示PBMV后TXB2、6-K-PGF1a水平的变化与MVA大小、MLAP高低密切相关。