北祁连山早古生代硅质岩稀土元素特征及环境指相意义

本文通过对北祁连山不同地质环境与火山岩相伴生硅质岩稀土元素特征的分析，证明产于不同地质环境硅质岩的稀土元素，特别是∑REE、Ce／Ce*、LaN／YbN具有特定的规律性变化。该研究为利用硅质岩稀土元素判定古老造山带构造环境提供了参考标准。     

东准卡拉麦里地区放射虫硅质岩地球化学特征

卡拉麦里中段南明水地层中的放射虫硅质岩出现元素地球化学明显不同的两类.一类具有洋脊-深海沉积的元素组合特征:Al2O3/(Al2O3 Fe2O3)值分别为0.11～0.19(<0.4),低ΣREE(6.34×10-6～26.37×10-6),低LaN/YbN(0.02～0.16),Ce/Ce*值为0.002～0.08,LaN/CeN为1.29～1.97;另一类具有大陆边缘-半深海沉积的元素组合特征Al2O3/(Al2O3 Fe2O3)值为0.44～0.64, 高ΣREE(91.1×10-6～107.14×10-6),高LaN/YbN(2.36～2.39),Ce/Ce*值变化范围为 0.64～1.07,LaN/CeN为0.89～1.14.洋脊-深海与半深海-大陆边缘(受陆源影响较大)的硅质岩共存的岩石地球化学特征,既为卡拉麦里地区古大洋或深海盆的存在提供了新证据,又反映了卡拉麦里古生代大洋盆快速扩张、闭合的一个过程.     

川西鲜水河断裂带三叠系如年各组放射虫硅质岩的地球化学特征

川西鲜水河断裂带三叠系如年各组放射虫硅质岩的w(SiO2)为71.16%～90.06%,w(Si)/w(Al)为49～71,表明它们含有较高比例的陆源泥质沉积物.硅质岩样品的w(Al2O3)/w(Al2O3 Fe2O3)为0.63～0.81,w(V)＜23×10-6,w(V)/w(Y)<2.8,w(Ti)/w(V)>26, 具有大陆边缘型硅质岩的特征.大部分样品的稀土元素w(Ce)/w(Ce*)为1.02～1.47, w(La)N/w(Ce)N为0.75～1.07, 为大陆边缘型硅质岩,仅一件样品的稀土元素具有大洋盆地硅质岩的特征.对放射虫硅质岩地球化学特征以及浊积岩、玄武岩岩石组合的研究表明鲜水河断裂带在中三叠世拉丁期处于强烈裂陷阶段.     

滇西昌宁更戛乡下泥盆统向阳寺组硅质岩地球化学特征及构造环境探讨

滇西昌宁更戛乡下泥盆统向阳寺组位于冈瓦纳大陆与泛华夏大陆间昌宁—孟连结合带北段西侧。文章首次发现向阳寺组中存在硅质岩,并对其硅质岩的地球化学特征等进行了深入研究。硅质岩中发育海百合茎、放射虫及硅藻。地球化学分析表明,向阳寺组硅质岩Si O2质量分数为85.43%~93.50%,Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)平均值为0.77,处于生物成因范畴;硅质岩稀土元素分析结果为其REE总量平均值为53.208×10-6,稀土元素北美页岩标准化配分曲线相对平坦,δCe平均值为1.02,δEu平均值为1.01,LaN/CeN平均值为0.99,LaN/YbN平均值为0.84,表明硅质岩形成于近大陆边缘的深海沉积环境。随着早泥盆世昌宁—孟连洋的快速扩张,保山地块边缘区域性同沉积断裂发育,造成了更戛乡向阳寺组大面积的硅质岩沉积。结合硅质岩地球化学特征的分析与古生物研究,认为更戛乡向阳寺组硅质岩属冈瓦纳大陆保山地块边缘亲昌宁—孟连古特提斯洋的深海沉积的产物。     

湖南安化留茶坡硅质岩的REE地球化学特征及其意义

湖南安化留茶坡硅质岩沉积在埃迪卡拉纪末期(551～542 Ma)的深水盆地中,它们具有如下REE地球化学特征:和PAAS相比,∑REE含量很低(8.6x10-6~18x10-6,平均13.6x10-4),Y/Ho比值较高(33.6～43.9,平均37.4),接近现代海水的Y/Ho比值(44);正的La异常(LaN/CeN平均为1.46),中等负的Ce异常(平均0.65).弱的正Eu异常(平均1.1),正的Gd异常(平均1.07),正的Y异常(平均1.22),LREE和MREE相对于HREE亏损(LaN/YbN平均为0.17,GdN/YbN平均为0.45),显示出和现代海水相似的REE特征.而与海底热液流体及与热液有关的碧玉的REE特征明显不同.这些表明留茶坡硅质岩受陆源碎屑及热液流体的影响很小.留茶坡硅质岩是由风化作用大量带人海洋的溶解的硅质化学沉积而成的.生物作用促进了海水中溶解硅质的沉淀.     

湘中震旦纪—寒武纪之交硅质岩地球化学特征及成因环境研究

震旦纪(埃迪卡拉纪)—寒武纪之交华南地块处在伸展扩张的构造背景下,在扬子板块东南缘发育了广泛的硅质岩沉积。湘中地区发育了自震旦系陡山沱组、留茶坡组及寒武系牛蹄塘组连续的深水相沉积,岩性以层状硅质岩为主,夹炭质、硅质页岩。通过对硅质岩的主量、稀土元素的地球化学特征分析表明,本区硅质岩Si O2含量极高(普遍92%),Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)比值普遍大于0.6,稀土元素澳大利亚后太古代平均页岩(PAAS)标准化配分曲线显示中—弱Ce负异常且有明显的重稀土富集特征。震旦纪陡山沱期硅质岩样品中Ce/Ce*值、LaN/YbN值、Y/Ho值分别为0.34~0.54、0.05~0.10、38.00~51.44;灯影期硅质岩样品中Ce/Ce*值、LaN/YbN值、Y/Ho值分别为0.70~0.85、0.06~0.37、35.91~46.79;寒武纪初期硅质岩样品中的稀土元素地球化学特征与灯影期相似,Ce/Ce*值、LaN/YbN值、Y/Ho值分别为0.58~0.78、0.26~0.40、34.75~45.58。湘中地区震旦纪—寒武纪之交的硅质岩地球化学特征显示本期硅质岩为正常的海水沉积成因,整体受热液和陆源影响较小,但从震旦纪陡山沱期至寒武纪初期陆源输入有增加趋势,硅质来源可能与硅质浮游生物有关,硅质岩沉积环境始终保持在深水盆地中,湘中地区沉积盆地符合被动大陆边缘伸展型盆地特征。     

广东信宜-罗定地区含锡花岗岩类的稀土元素地球化学特征和成因

广东信宜-罗定地区含锡花岗岩类呈复式小岩体产出,由花岗斑岩和花岗岩组成.岩石的稀土元素总量高(w(ΣREE)为236.75×10-6～383.28×10-6);从第一阶段花岗斑岩到第二阶段花岗岩的稀土总量降低;轻重稀土的比值ΣCe/ΣY(0.77～1.38)较低;具有弱的Ce负异常和强烈Eu亏损(δEu=0.015～0.119);稀土元素配分模式呈海鸥型.岩石属于大陆板内张性构造环境下高侵位形成的壳源重熔型花岗岩类.     

黔南地区早石炭世黑色岩系稀土元素地球化学特征及沉积-构造环境分析

为了深入探讨黔南地区早石炭世黑色岩系沉积-构造环境,笔者对页岩气钻孔CY1井打屋坝组黑色岩系进行了详细采样测试,并重点分析了页岩稀土元素地球化学特征。分析结果表明,该区早石炭世页岩稀土元素总量(ΣREE)为(213.08~308.1)×10-6,平均值为251.43×10-6,大于北美页岩的平均值(173.21×10-6);w(ΣLREE)/w(ΣHREE)及w(Ce)N/w(Yb)N等地球化学参数表明,轻、重稀土元素分异明显;REE分布模式呈平坦状,表现出轻稀土富集、重稀土元素亏损;δEu值为0.53~0.671,显示中等程度的负Eu异常,Ce异常表现不明显。根据δCe和Ce异常值的变化,反映研究区早石炭世为缺氧还原环境。根据稀土元素组合特征、δEu值的变化及w(La)N/w(Yb)N-ΣREE的图解特征,结合区域地质背景,认为黔南地区打屋坝组黑色页岩的物源来自黔中隆起和雪峰山隆起,母岩为沉积岩和花岗岩的混合,沉积区构造环境为被动大陆边缘构造背景。     

湖北嘉鱼县蛇屋山金矿硅质岩地球化学特征及成矿环境约束

湖北蛇屋山金矿是亚洲最大的红土型金矿,矿区内硅质岩发育,覆于含矿红土层之上,并与硅化灰岩呈渐变过渡。硅质岩主要由微晶和隐晶组成,其SiO2含量为96.87%～97.90%,w(Si)/w(Al)=92.84～287.66,平均值为173,处于纯硅质岩的范畴。硅质岩样品的w(Al)/w(Al+Fe+Mn)为0.189～0.388,平均值为0.303,具热液成因硅质岩的特征。根据Al、Fe、Mn三角图的投点,认为本研究区硅质岩为热液成因硅质岩。微量元素w(Ni)/w(Co)、w(Fe)/w(Ti)、w(Ti)/w(V)、w(U)/w(Th)也说明了硅质岩具有热水沉积成因。w(Ce)/w(Ce*)为1.05～1.27,平均值为1.12,(La/Ce)N为0.84～1.12,平均值为0.98,微量元素V的含量(3.02～4.26μg/g)以及常量元素w(MnO)/w(TiO2)(1.0～2.0)都显示此研究区硅质岩具有大陆边缘硅质岩的特征。结合宏观特征,确定硅质岩有可能形成于卡林型金矿去碳酸盐化阶段,属于热液活动的产物。     

东海盆地丽水凹陷古新统沉积岩的稀土元素地球化学特征

采用等离子体质谱分析法测试了东海盆地丽水凹陷古新统砂泥岩样品的稀土元素含量,结果表明,稀土总量在82 2×10-6～182×10-6之间,平均为144×10-6;w(LREE)/w(HREE)比值在4 54～10 02之间,平均为8 67,相对富集LREE;Eu基本为负异常,δEu在0 59～1 03之间,平均为0 73;δCe在0 92～1 09之间,平均为0 98,Ce正常或具微弱的负异常;(w(La)/w(Yb))N在8 23～11 61之间,样品的分布曲线为轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损型。样品稀土元素的地球化学特征反映当时丽水凹陷为海陆交替的沉积环境,水介质环境为缺氧的还原条件,盆地类型应为稳定的克拉通盆地,物源区母岩主要为花岗岩。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with