Influence of inorganic anions and organic additives on photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange with supported polyoxometalates as photocatalyst

A novel supported polyoxometalate(POM),phosphotungstic acid immobilized into yttrium-doped TiO2(HPW-Y-TiO2) nano photocatalyst was prepared via sol-gel and impregnation method.The samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and N2 absorption-desorption analysis.The results showed that the supported POM exhibited Keggin structure and anatase phase with large BET surface area.The influences of inorganic anions and organic additives on the photocatalytic degradation of azo dye methyl orange with HPW-Y-TiO2 as photocatalyst under UV light(λ≥365 nm) were investigated.Results showed that inorganic anions Cl-,SO42-,CO32-and NO3-had inhibition effect on the degradation of methyl orange.A great enhancement of degradation rate was obtained while H2O2 and ethyl alcohol were applied.The degradation rates improved with the increase of H2O2 concentration.The optimum additive amount of ethyl alcohol was 0.5 mol/L.The possible mechanisms of the effects of additives on methyl orange degradation were discussed.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by polyoxometalates supported on yttrium-doped TiO_2

A series of novel photocatalysts, H3PW12O40-Y-TiO2 nanocomposites with different H3PW12O40 loading levels (10%-40%) were prepared by impregnation method. And the Y-TiO2 support, doped with yttrium, was synthesized via sol-gel technique. The prepared catalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The processes allowed obtaining Keggin structure and crystallized anatase with large BET surface area as well as uniform distribution. The effects of H3PW12O40 loadings, catalyst dose, initial pH and concentration of dye solution on the degradation kinetics of methyl orange under UV light (λ≥365 nm) were discussed. Kinetics studies showed that the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange fitted the apparent first-order reaction. Methyl orange was totally degraded in 21 min under optimum conditions: 20% loading, 0.03 g dose and pH 1.0. The catalyst was stable and easily to be separated from reaction system for recovery.     

侧链含羧基的聚乙烯醇胺肟螯合纤维吸附金的研究

研究了侧链含羧基的聚乙烯醇胺肟螯合纤维吸附金的性能。结果表明，该纤维对金的吸附具有较高的选择性，可以用于金的分离和分析。     

Photocatalytic Degradation of Water-Soluble Dyes by LaCoO3

Perovskite-type oxides LaCoO3 was prepared by citrate method in granula of 20 - 30 rim. Using a fluorescent Hg lamp or sunlight as irradiator, the degradation experiments of various water-soluble dyes were carried out in the suspension system of LaCoO3. The results show that the perovskite-type oxide LaCoO3 has good photoeatalytic activity. With the study of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectra, its photoeatalytic activity is mainly related with the factors such as the d-electron structure of ion Co3 , Co-O binding energy and adsorbed oxygen on the surface etc.     

Study on characteristics of Ni-W-B composites containing CeO2 nano-particles prepared by pulse electrodeposition

Ni-W-B composites containing CeO2 nano-particles on the surface of 45 steel were prepared by pulse electrodeposition,and the in-fluence of pulse frequency,pulse duty circle and heat treatment temperature on the structures and properties were investigated.The results in-dicated that the pulse co-deposition of Ni,W,B and CeO2 nano-particles led to Ni-W-B/CeO2 composites possessing higher microhardness and better wear resistance when heat-treated at 400 oC for 1 h.The microhardness of 636 HV and the deposition rate of 0.0281 mm/h of the as-deposited alloy were the highest at pulse frequency of 1000 Hz,pulse duty circle of 10% and pulse average current density of 10 A/dm2.The composites were mainly in the amorphous state and were partially crystallized as-deposited,and the crystallization trend was strength-ened when heat-treated at 400 oC.Decreasing pulse duty cycle from 75% to 10% was favorable to the refinement in grain structures and im-provement of microstructures.The crystal sizes of the composites were smaller by means of pulse electrodeposition.     

Study on Magnetic Responsibility of Rare Earth Ferrite／Polyacrylamide Magnetic Microsphere

Magneticpolymermicrospherecanbeseparatedquicklyundermagneticfieldandithasgotwideappli cationinmanyfields ,suchascellseparationetc .Themicrospheremustpossesshighmagneticresponsibili ty ,sothatmagneticseparationisquickandconve nient.Themagneticresponsibilit…     

Study on Modification of Sm2O3 by Ni／Sepiolite Catalyst

A series of Ni-Sm/sepiolite catalysts were prepared by impregnation. The modification of Sm2O3 for Ni/sepiolite was investigated by TPR, XPS and poisoning of CS2, respectively. The results indicate that the addition of Sm2O3 improves the activity of hydrogenation and anti-poisoning ability of Ni/sepiolite catalyst, and it also increases the dispersion of nickel atoms over support and the amount of active nickel atoms in catalyst. Effect of Sm203 on Ni/sepiolite catalyst ineludes not only electronic effect but also steric effect, whereas electronic effect seems to be principal.     

Study on Preparation and Properties of PVC Film Modified by Rare Earth

The transparent PVC films were prepared by tape casting. In the process of preparation, rare earth nitrate, as a kind of modifier, was added to the solution of PVC and THF. These PVC films were tested after being crosslinked by ultraviolet light. It is found that the mechanical and physical properties of all the PVC films modified by rare earth nitrate are greatly enhanced.     

Crystal Structure and Characterization of a Novel Neodymium Coordination Compound Based on Dawson Cluster

Inthefieldsofdesigningandassemblingmolecule basedmaterials[1,2 ] withstructurescon structedbyso calledanion cationsaltsorhost guestsolids ,polyoxometalates (POMs)havebeenfoundtobeextremelyversatileinorganicbuildingblocksduetotheirabilitytoacceptelectrons[…     

Study on RE-Al-Zr-C-N Coating by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Ｔｈｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｔｈｅｒｍａｌｄｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎｏｆｒａｒｅｅａｒｔｈｓｏｎｔｈｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅｏｆｍｅｔａｌｓａｎｄａｌｌｏｙｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｇｒｅａｔｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｆｏｒｔｗｅｎｔｙｙｅａｒｓ .Ｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｐｒｏｖｅｄｔｈａｔｒａｒｅｅａｒｔｈｓｃｏｕｌｄｂｅｐｅｒｍｅａｔｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅｏｆｍｅｔａｌｓａｎｄａｌｌｏｙｓ ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｙｇａｔｈｅｒｅｄａｎｄｄｉｆｆｕｓｅｄａｔｇｒａｉｎｂｏｕｎ…     

Degradation Behavior of Electrochemical Performance of Sealed-Type Nickel／Metal Hydride Batteries

The degradation mechanism of electrochemical performance of sealed-type nickel/metal hydride batteries was in-vestigated. The results indicate that the degradation behavior of Ni/MH battery is not only owing to the lack of electrolyte,but also the deterioration of the active materials on the positive and negative electrodes of Ni/MH batteries. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser granularity analyses are presented. The particle pulverization and oxidation during charge/discharge are identified as the main causes for deterioration of the negative and positive electrode in nickel/metal hydride batteries, as well as the cross-section cracking of both anode and cathode.     

Study on Extracting Rare Earth from Sulfate System by Long-Chain Fatty Acid

The extraction of rare earths by long-chain fatty acid in kerosene from sulphate system was described.It was demonstrated from the experimental results that the ratio of kerosene: fatty acid: isooctanol = 55 : 30: 15 ( V/V),By the saturation capability method and the slope method, the extracted reaction mechanism of the extraction of rare earth was studied.It is shown that the extraction reaction conform to the cation exchange reaction mechanism.The extracted sequence of rare earth was determined in this system and it is shown that there is no tetrad effect and the position of yttrium is between lanthanum and cerium.     

Effects of Support on Catalytic Behavior of Combustion Catalyst La0.8Sr0.2CoO3/γ-Al2O3

Combustion catalyst La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 (LSC) is expected to possess relatively high activity for the oxidation of carbon monoxide and many hydrocarbons. If γ-Al2O3 is used as its support, cobalt ions can easily react with γ-Al2O3 at not very high temperature to form spinel CoAl2O4 or spinel-like, which decreases the activity of the combustion catalyst. In this paper, MgAl2O4 and CaAl2O4 were pre-coated on γ-Al2O3 by impregnation respectively, which formed compound support for LSC. It is shown that, when MgAl2O4 layer is covered on the surface of MgAl2O4 by impregnation, the entering of cobalt ions into γ-Al2O3 lattice is restrained, then LSC formed on the surface of MgAl2O4, which leads to a good catalytic activity of xylene complete oxidation. But the layer of MgAl2O4 should be thick enough to reach 30% (mass fraction) MgO in the support due to large size particle of MgAl2O4 crystalline. If polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is added into the impregnation solution adequately, MgAl2O4 particles formed on the surface of γ-Al2O3 are getting smaller, and less amount of MgAl2O4 is needed to cover up the surface of γ-Al2O3. If CaAl2O4 layer substituted for MgAl2O4, more closed cover is obtained in virtue of fine particles of CaAl2O4. The activity examination shows that smaller particles of MgAl2O4 or CaAl2O4 can be more effective to hinder cobalt ions entering the lattice of γ-Al2O3, and better activities will be obtained.     

氧化铈粒度控制研究

以碳化铈为前驱体,通过对沉淀条件的控制及填加剂的使用,控制碳酸盐的粒度,在850℃条件下灼烧后一次性得到D 50=4～7μm理想粒度的氧化铈,并可实现连续的工业化生产.     

Study on Adsorption of Rare Earth Elements by Kaolinite

Rareearthelements (REEs)werewidelyappliedtotracingthesourcesofmaterialsandtostudyingtheirevolutionprocessesinmanyfieldsofearthscienceinconsiderationoftheirsimilarityandsystematicdiffer enceinchemicalproperties .Furthermore ,lanthanidesarebothimportantprod…     

Study on Interaction Energy of PAMAM/Lanthanide（ Ⅲ ） by Molecular Dynamics Method

PAMAM/lanthanide （Ⅲ） nanocomposite was studied by molecular simulation method. Molecular simulation enabled study of the lanthanide tetrad effect at atomic level. However, PAMAM dendrimer exhibiting unique properties such as nanometer size and highly functionalized terminal surface provided a novel space for lanthanide （Ⅲ） to show their peculiar tetrad effect. The results showed that total energies of PAMAM/lanthanide（Ⅲ） nanocomposites presented obvious tetrad effect and special double-double effect. Nd, Gd, and Er fell to the lower point and Gd fell to the lowest point in the TE-Ln curve with four groups. In order to explain the tetrad effect, kinetic energy （KE） and potential energy （PE） were analyzed. The KE curve consisted of three W-type parts （La - Pm, Pm - Tb, Tb - Tm, and the latter two W-type part were axial symmetry） and an exception part （Yb - Lu）. It also showed that the KE of odd atomic number was higher than the even one＇s with exception of Yb and Lu. Furthermore, decomposed potential energies gave out the atomic-level subtle difference of lanthanide which present more regulations for Eu（Ⅲ） - Lu（Ⅲ） compared with La（Ⅲ） - Sm（Ⅲ）. And also Ho-valley and three platforms （Sm - Eu, Td - Dy, Er - Tm） were discovered that refect the regular change of nanocomposite structures. Additionally, there are distinct correlations between Ebond and EInversion, EAngle and EVDW, Eworsion and ECoul, respectively. Therefore, PAMAM could be used in separation of lanthanide by changing conditions.     

Study on Inhibition Effects of Rare Earths on Superoxide Anion Radical by Using Pulse Radiolysis

Study on Inhibition Effects of Rare Earths on Superoxide Anion Radical by Using Pulse Radiolysis     

稀土对Ru基加氢催化剂的改性研究

采用浸渍法制备了一系列的Ru-RE/sepiolite(海泡石)(RE=La,Ce,Tb或Y)催化剂,以二氧化碳甲烷化及苯加氢为探针反应,以TPD、TPSR、CO化学吸附和CS2中毒为手段系统地研究了RE对Ru/sepiolite催化剂的改性机制。结果表明,RE的加入显著影响Ru/sepiolite催化剂的催化性能。从机理上看,RE对CO2甲烷化性能的影响是通过对反应物活化过程中的能量因素及几何因素的调节作用来实现的。RE的加入增加了Ru/sepiolite催化剂的活性表面积、活性中心数和催化剂抗毒物的能力。研究还表明,RE的添加顺序亦对Ru/sepiolite催化剂的活性构成一定的影响。     

Photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid by composite catalysts H3PW12O40/La-TiO2

A series of La-doped TiO2 with different mass fractions were prepared by sol-gel method. Composite catalysts H3PW12O40/La-TiO2 with different loading levels were synthesized using impregnation method. The prepared samples were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. The Keggin structure of H3PW12O40 (HPW) remained intact on the surface of the composites, they had relatively uniform spherical grains of diameter less than 20 nm. The visible light activity of prepared composites were improved by loading HPW and doping La. The prepared composites were used as photocatalysts in degradation of pesticide imidacloprid. Results revealed that 20%H3PW12O40/0.3%La-TiO2 possessed the best photocatalytic activity. Thus, the degradation conversion of imidacloprid reached 98.17% after 60 min irradiation when 20%H3PW12O40/0.3% La-TiO2 was used as catalysts. The degradation of imidacloprid corresponded with first-order kinetic reaction, and the half life of the degradation of imidacloprid was 9.35 min in the optimal conditions.     

Study on Surface and Bulk Properties of Ce-5 % Lanthanum Alloy

The surface and bulk properties of Ce-5% La were studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively.The XRD analysis shows that cerium in bulk is in γ-phase, and its lattice parameter is 0.516 nm.And we also find Ce2O3 in the bulk from the XRD figure but no existence of metal lanthanum because of its small quantity.The XPS analysis shows that there are always oxides existing in the surface.The O1s peak always exists at the binding energy of 530.3 eV, which may be attributed to Ce2O3 and La2O3, but no evidence was found for the existence of CeO2.It is concluded that there is a thick layer of Ce2O3 on the sample surface.And the Ce3d peak show multi-split in the figure, in which there are two peaks in each region, 3d5/2 and 3d3/2, and the binding energy of these peaks are 882.86, 887.70 eV for 3d5/2, and 901.44, 905.93 eV for 3d3/2.The special phenomena can be attributed to the changes of 4f electronic configuration, and the cerium in the sample exhibits properties similar to Ce2O3.But the influence of the addition of lanthanum to cerium is not visible, and further investigations are expected.