On Hebb's criticism of Jensen.

Notes that D. O. Hebb's (see record 1990-56823-001) criticism of A. R. Jensen's (1969) consideration of the contributions of environment vs heredity to IQ is based on a failure to distinguish between the variance within a particular group and the variance between groups. Use of a one-group analysis cannot show the effects or importance of a factor in determining an aspect of behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychological research on race differences.

Responds to the discussion by A. H. Yee et al (see record 1994-09250-001) of A. R. Jensen's (e.g., see record 1986-18910-001) research on racial differences in abilities and states that the references to Jensen's work are dated. Jensen notes more recent research (Jensen and P. A. Whang; see PA, Vol 81:1181 and 20927) and provides an explanation for his research focus on Black–White differences in cognitive abilities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Race, IQ, and rampant misrepresentations: A reply.

In L. E. Longstreth's (see record 1979-23197-001) critique of F. K. Trotman's study (see record 1978-06591-001), he attributes conclusions and interpretations to Trotman that indicate either a misunderstanding or misinterpretation on Longstreth's part or a failure in effective communication on Trotman's part. In any case, Trotman's response represents an attempt to clarify Longstreth's apparently cloudy view of the earlier Trotman work. J. L. Wolff (see record 1979-23222-001) suggested that experimenter bias operated to produce anomalies in Trotman's findings that despite similarity in socioeconomic standing, there was a difference in the intellectual home environments of Blacks and Whites, that IQ was related to home environment, and that home environment did as well as academic achievement in predicting IQ. On examination of Wolff's statements and reference citations, however, Trotman finds evidence of bias and irregularities in his critique. For example, Wolff misconstrues data, selectively either omits or includes reference citations, or statements out of context, and misrepresents previous investigations, suggesting a possibility of commentator bias. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On "Sir Cyril Burt in perspective."

Responds to A. R. Jensen's (see record 1979-12278-001) criticism of M. McAskie's (see record 1979-12282-001) article on the interpretation of C. Burt's kinship data. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Delinquency and impulsivity and IQ: A reply to Block (1995).

Although J. Block's critique (see record 1995-29649-001) of the D. Lynam, T. Moffitt, and M. Stouthamer-Loeber report (see record 1993-29924-001) contains several interesting points, many of his criticisms are not valid and resulted from miscommunications, misunderstandings, and simple preferences. Specifically, the authors believe the criticisms to be the results of mistaking a single hypothesis for an organizing principle, a misunderstanding of the reported path analyses, and a simple preference for impulsivity over IQ as an explanatory construct. An attempt is made to address the misinterpretation through clarification of the predicted relations between IQ, executive dysfunction, impulsivity, and delinquency. The original path analyses are reviewed and are shown to refute not only the original self-control hypothesis (Lynam et al., 1993), as reported, but also Block's more recent version. Finally, evidence marshalled by Block to support his emphasis on impulsive personality over low IQ is argued to have inadequacies from empirical and social policy perspectives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Another reply to Wessler's critique of rational-emotive therapy.

Comments on R. Wessler's (see record 1994-18429-001) reply to a critique of A. Ellis's (see record 1994-18385-001) critique of rational emotive therapy's views on constructivism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Criticism or propaganda?

Responds to the critique by the Council for the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI; 1969) of the author's original article (see record 1969-09740-001) on the influence of heredity vs environment on IQ and scholastic achievement. The author suggests that the SPSSI misrepresents the article and the current state of knowledge of the importance of genetic factors in intellectual development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correlation between genetically matched groups versus reliability theory: A reply to Jensen.

Argues that A. Jensen's (see record 1971-09170-001) proposal for interpreting phenotypes as direct proportional measures of phenotype variance attributable to trait heritability would lead to an overestimation of variance attributable to genetic factors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Level I/Level II: Factors or categories?

An explanation is sought for the striking apparent failure of the interactions of intelligence and memory factors with socioeconomic status, predicted by A. R. Jensen's (see record 1974-24027-001) Level I/Level II theory, in a study by L. Stankov et al (see record 1981-02648-001). It is suggested that Level I ability may not be a higher-order factor, like Spearman's g or Level II, but rather a category of narrower abilities involving rote learning and primary memory, with little transformation between input and output. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Depressive affect: A test of behavioral hypotheses. Reply to Wener and Rehm.

In reply to Wener and Rehm's (see record 2005-08994-001) comments on Buchwald's critique (see record 1978-21210-001) of an earlier article by them (see record 1975-25511-001), it is argued that (a) there are no grounds for interpreting their certainty ratings as a measure of self-confidence and that (b) the data they offer to refute the possibility of an artifact does not do so. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Still no convincing evidence of a relation between brain size and intelligence in humans.

Replies to the comment by R. Lynn (see record 1994-24539-001) on M. Peters's (see record 1992-18876-001) claim that there is no association between brain size and IQ. It is countered that the available evidence is not strong enough to accept the proposition that brain size and IQ are positively correlated. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Simultaneous and successive processing: An attempt at replication.

J. P. Das et al (see record 1975-08765-001) claim that A. R. Luria's (1966) distinction between simultaneous and successive modes of information processing provides a more fruitful way of classifying cognitive processes than (a) the hierarchical models of C. Burt (see record 1973-10531-001) and P. E. Vernon (see record 1963-03855-001), A. R. Jensen's (see record 1969-09740-001) Levels 1 and 2, or A. Paivio's (see record 1976-01839-001) dual coding system of imagery and verbal mediation. Their published factor analyses are surveyed, and shown to yield only partial support for their views. A broader battery of 14 tests was given to 91 university students, and responses were factor analyzed. Two of the obtained factors involved various kinds of rote memorizing, and thus could be regarded as successive processing. Four other factors did not yield a general simultaneous factor, but classified the tests under Number-Spatial, Verbal-Spatial, Perceptual Reasoning, and a specific Digit Memory factor. Overall, the 6 factors tend to follow a multiple-factor, or a hierarchical model, rather than a dichotomous classification. (French summary) (28 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"A bit more light on Ferenczi and Freud": Response to Tabin.

Comments on the response by J. K. Tabin (see record 1995-43797-001) to the critique by L. Aron and J. B. Frankel (see record 1994-41100-001) of her article on Freud's motivation for rethinking his seduction theory (see record 1994-05584-001). Freud's priority in citing the relationship between splitting of the ego and childhood sexual trauma and his treatment of Ferenczi are highlighted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of age-extended norms for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Recent studies by R. J. Ivnik et al (see record 1993-04116-001), J. F. Malec et al (see record 1993-04120-001), and J. J. Ryan et al (see record 1991-08835-001) have provided age-extended norms for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised (WAIS—R). The current study compared IQ scores based on these newer age-extended norms in 216 elderly Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Results showed that when the norms from Ryan et al were used, IQ scores were consistently the same as or higher than when WAIS—R manual norms were used. When the norms provided by Ivnik et al and Malec et al were used, IQ scores tended to be lower than WAIS—R manual norms for younger patients with more intellectual impairment. Results illustrate the importance of reporting the normative sample upon which IQ test scores for older adults are based and provide guidelines for selecting which set of age-extended WAIS—R norms to use with cognitively impaired elderly Ss. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

More on temporality in human action.

Responds to the comments of W. L. Stroud (see record 1987-17464-001) and B. B. Barratt (see record 1987-17458-001) on the present authors' (see record 1986-13304-001) discussion of hermeneutic psychology, addressing Piaget's perspective, the use of abstract concepts, the conception of time, and the issue of ideological critique. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interpretation of Heritability: A Rejoinder.

Replies to comments by A. R. Jensen (see record 1990-57013-001) on comments by the original author (see record 1990-56938-001) to a discussion about role of heredity and environment in behavior development by D. O. Hebb (1970; 1971) and A. R. Jensen (1971). The author clarifies 3 specific points. First, that it was not the statistical procedures but the empirical data to which they were applied that led the author to question Jensen's original conclusions. Second, that the probabilistic argument, to which Jensen's present comment addresses itself in large part, is of primary interest when no other information is available regarding the origins of particular differences between individuals or group. Finally, that the sort of environmental interventions generally considered in relation to minority group status do not represent simply a reshuffling of environmental variations already existing within such groups (or within other groups). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Comments on three recent subliminal psychodynamic activation investigations": Rejoinder to Oliver and Burkham and to Porterfield.

Considers the replies of A. L. Porterfield (see record 1986-11991-001) and J. M. Oliver and R. Burkham (see record 1986-11985-001) to the critique of the present author (see record 1986-12007-001). The original criticisms are seen as valid. A critical deficiency in the design of Porterfield and S. L. Golding's (see record 1986-11992-001) study is viewed as disqualifying it as a fair attempt at replication. It is suggested that although Oliver and Burkham's (see record 1983-01571-001) study was well-designed, statements made in their write-up are unwarranted. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some problems created by Holt's consistency: A rejoinder.

Replies to R. R. Holt's (see record 1992-27289-001) critique of S. Reisner's (see record 1992-16438-001) article on metapsychology and suggests that the critique is based on fundamental differences in approaches to Freud's studies and their relevance to contemporary psychoanalytic theory and practice. It is argued that Holt underemphasizes the relational, hermeneutic, and epistemological components of Freud's theory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Missing the point: A reply to Wogan and Norcross.

Replies to the critique by M. Wogan and J. C. Norcross (see record 1982-26218-001) of the author's (see record 1981-33203-001) original article concerning psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Health promotion and coronary heart disease: A comment on consensus.

Responds a 2nd time (for the 1st response, see record 1986-20182-001) to R. C. Lefebvre's (see record 1986-20193-001) critique of the present author's (see record 1985-21441-001) article on health promotion and coronary heart disease by contending that contrary to Lefebvre's view, there is not a clear consensus among epidemiologists about the value of lowering blood cholesterol to prevent coronary heart disease. (5 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)