本体演化及本体的版本管理机制研究

本体版本管理机制是本体管理中的一个子问题,本体随着变化不断演化,有效的维护和管理这些变化,以及维护同一本体的不同版本之间的关联是非常重要的。本文首先介绍了本体版本管理机制的背景知识和相关定义,分析了本体变化的原因及其变化的结果,提出了一个本体版本管理机制的管理框架并进行了具体阐述。     

Supporting ontology adaptation and versioning based on a graph of relevance

Ontologies recently have become a topic of interest in computer science since they are seen as a semantic support to explicit and enrich data-models as well as to ensure interoperability of data. Moreover, supporting ontology adaptation becomes essential and extremely important, mainly when using ontologies in changing environments. An important issue when dealing with ontology adaptation is the management of several versions. Ontology versioning is a complex and multifaceted problem as it should take into account change management, versions storage and access, consistency issues, etc. The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach and tool for ontology adaptation and versioning. A series of techniques are proposed to ‘safely’ evolve a given ontology and produce a new consistent version. The ontology versions are ordered in a graph according to their relevance. The relevance is computed based on four criteria: conceptualisation, usage frequency, abstraction and completeness. The techniques to carry out the versioning process are implemented in the Consistology tool, which has been developed to assist users in expressing adaptation requirements and managing ontology versions.     

基于本体的非结构化知识库系统研究

本文提出一种基于本体的非结构化知识管理系统框架.在该框架中,知识库由知识体和应用本体两部分组成,可解决知识的重用和共享问题.知识检索可以通过知识地图导航和自动检索两种方式完成,有一定的智能性.知识管理门户采用XML和XSL相结合的开发方法,具有动态特点.本文还对知识库的安全管理方法进行了初步研究,提出了一个可用的知识库安全管理解决方案.     

知识融合中的反馈评估和参数校正的机制

提出了一种在知识融合框架结构中建立根据应用结果进行反馈评估和参数校正的机制.相关的知识资源对象和应用需求描述通过本体论方法被表示为知识空间中的对象节点;根据知识融合的特点建立了知识对象的评价参数体系,提出了基于反馈和参数校正机制的自适应模块;分析了该模块与其他模块之间的层次关系,仿真实验说明了该机制的合理性.     

Configurable three-way model merging

Software development is a collaborative activity that requires teams of software engineers to cooperate and work in parallel on versions of models. However, model management techniques such as model differencing, merging, and versioning have turned out to be difficult challenges, due to the complexity of operations and graph-like nature of models. Therefore, a well-developed support for model merging process, as well as conflict management, is highly desired. This paper presents a novel process for model merging, called the Epsilon-based Three-way Merging Process (E3MP) process. Model merging is a significant problem where there are different versions of a system model amongst modeler teams. E3MP includes three components implemented into the Epsilon framework. First, modelers can define domain-specific rules that customize the merging process. Second, E3MP enables an automated method for syntactic and semantic conflict detection amongst different versions of the system model. Third, E3MP puts forward a pattern-based approach for conflict resolution. We applied two generic benchmarks to assess conflict detection and resolution capabilities of our approach and carried out an initial scalability evaluation for the model merge with large models and large change sets. The results of our experiments revealed that the proposed process allows generating consistent and semantically correct merged models.     

FactChain:一个基于区块链的众包知识融合系统

知识图谱作为诸多人工智能应用的关键,受到学术界和工业界的广泛关注.当前的知识图谱一般由特定组织构建并维护,以RDF转储文件或SPARQL查询接口的方式提供知识访问服务,这种中心化的管理方式存在不能持久化访问的弊端.具体来说,一旦服务提供者单点崩溃,用户就无法以可靠的方式获取知识.此外,知识因时效性可能需要更新,不同来源的知识之间可能存在冲突,传统的知识图谱构建维护方式难以有效地处理这些问题.区块链技术以其分布式存储与共识机制,为知识图谱的分布式构建与管理提供了新思路.FactChain是一个基于区块链的知识管理系统,具有为知识的多源共享与融合建立全新的去中心化生态的潜力.使用联盟链作为底层架构,由区块链、组织和参与人三层结构组成.通过区块链上的智能合约编程实现融合多源冲突知识的真值验证算法,具有在组织层面实现并部署基于分布式应用的参与人管理、在本地局部本体与全局共享本体间建立映射以及结合链上与链下数据响应参与人查询请求等功能.     

知识管理在化工企业中的应用

知识已成为企业重要的生产投入要素，知识管理能将企业战略、信息系统和企业核心能力知识有机结合起来，而成为新的研究热点。当前国际管理信息发展的三个趋势是：从信息管理走向知识管理，从信息资源开发走向知识资源开发，由C／S(Client／Server)结构走向B／S(Browser／Server)结构。企业实施知识管理是当前现代管理的发展方向。该文分析了化工企业实施知识管理的必要性，介绍了知识管理的基本概念，提出了知识管理系统的分层框架，以及企业实施知识管理的原则和步骤。     

Versions in Ode: implementation and experiences

The Ode object‐oriented database system supports the creation and manipulation of objects with versions. Versioning is orthogonal to type – any object in the database can be versioned at any time, and the same code works on both versioned and non‐versioned instances. Object versioning is supported by many object‐oriented databases (e.g. Gemstone, ObjectStore, Versant). However, the facilities are often complex and may not quite match application requirements. Furthermore, the implementation techniques are not well‐documented. Ode took the approach of designing a minimal set of versioning primitives with which users can specify the exact policy they require. To illustrate the flexibility and power of these versioning facilities, we use them to implement a set of previously suggested versioning capabilities. We describe how these versioning facilities are implemented, and discuss our experience in using them. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于元模型的知识管理建模工具设计与开发

知识管理建模是构建组织知识管理系统的基础．组织知识管理建模远比信息管理建模复杂，迫切需要建模工具的支持．从知识内容和管理两个层面分析提出知识管理的建摸需求，以此为依据建立知识管理元模型．组织知识管理元模型包括组织战略、组织结构、组织流程和组织知识地图四个子模型．为了方便建模工具的开发，用组织知识管理对象建模语言集成各子模型对应的建模语言．在此基础上实现了一个知识管理建模工具．     

基于工作流的知识流建模与控制

知识在多个参与者之间的产生、传播与应用称为知识流.在知识密集型组织中,对业务过程的控制和对知识资产的管理具有紧密的依赖关系.工作流管理是实现业务过程控制的重要技术.当前的工作流过程元模型不支持对知识管理机制的表示.为此,提出了一个扩展的工作流过程元模型,以支持业务过程控制与知识管理的集成.在此基础上,对知识流的建模与控制进行了深入的研究.提出了一种知识流建模方法,通过5类知识流单元对知识传递与重用、人员协作与交流进行表示.针对知识流中的动态因素,研究了基于资源约束、知识需求变化和时间约束的知识流控制方法,以实现自适应的知识流控制,并给出了有关算法.为工作流技术与知识管理技术的有效结合提供了一个有益的途径.     

基于Web2.0的企业知识管理系统设计与实现

针对目前知识管理系统存在的问题,提出一种基于Web2.0的企业知识管理系统,介绍其总体架构的设计方法,通过分析知识管理的特点以及该框架中各组件的功能,实现企业知识的有效管理。实验结果表明,该系统具有良好的可扩展性,具有一定应用价值。     

Interactive Management of Human Factors Knowledge for Human Systems Integration Using Systems Modeling Language

Abstract

The field of Human Factors in Knowledge Management is often seen as a problem of capturing, organizing, and retrieving information to build knowledge. This process is inextricably bound up with human cognition and, as such, the management of knowledge occurs within an intricately structured behavioral, cultural, and social context. This paper emphasizes the importance of interactive human factors in knowledge management and introduces a model-based human systems integration framework based on systems modeling language (SysML).     

Schema versioning and database conversion techniques for bi-temporal databases

Schema evolution and schema versioning are two techniques used for managing database evolution. Schema evolution keeps only the current version of a schema and database after applying schema changes. Schema versioning creates new schema versions and converts the corresponding data while preserving the old schema versions and data. To provide the most generality, bi-temporal databases can be used to realize schema versioning, since they allow both retroactive and proactive updates to the schema and database. In this paper we first study two proposed database conversion approaches for supporting schema evolution and schema versioning: single table version approach and multiple table version approach. We then propose the partial table version approach to solve the problems encountered in these approaches when applied to bi-temporal databases. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于涟波下降规则的设计知识管理系统

设计过程是一个知识密集型过程.为了向企业提供有效和准确的设计知识,在分析涟波下降规则工作原理的基础上,提出了基于涟波下降规则的设计知识管理系统架构,给出了该系统的定义,进一步研究了该系统的主要功能.依据提出的架构及其主要功能,通过一个应用实例,验证了研究成果的有效性.     

基于情境的知识建模与重用研究

知识情境是知识产生和应用的具体背景和环境,知识能否进行重用,取决于其知识情境与要解决问题的知识情境的相似程度。本文提出用情境图为知识情境建模,阐述情境相似度计算过程,进而得到与问题情境相似的历史情境;提出相似度向量及补情境的概念,通过相似度向量分析,建立一种将相似情境与其补情境进行整合的知识创新机制;建立基于知识情境的知识重用管理模型,实现知识的重用和创新管理;给出一个应用实例,说明系统应用于课题申报的基本过程。     

基于信息网格的协作教学系统的研究与开发

针对网络教学中知识存在的特征，构建了基于信息网格的协作教学系统．详细讨论了该系统知识管理的实现，包括知识的转化、知识的表示和知识的查询．实现了知识的管理与共享．应用结构和应用实例表明，该系统能够满足协作教学对知识交流的需要．     

Efficient management and storage of a multiversion OWL 2 DL domain ontology

Ontology is the chief technology to model domain knowledge and fix its heterogeneity. Knowledge evolution is unavoidable in all fields, and ontology should reflect such an evolution while preserving its consistency. The access to an ontology evolution history is also a crucial need. Thereby, ontology versions should be stored efficiently. To address these requirements, some works focused only on managing ontology inconsistency. To this end, they adopted an a posteriori approach that checks inconsistency after its occurrence. Others have mainly focused on some ontology versioning aspects other than the storage and the consistency preservation issues. Specifically, the state of the art storage strategies perform well some typical queries at the cost of a high storage space. Strategies with low space overhead lose the main specificity of ontology: the knowledge semantics modelling. So, it is useful to address all these shortcomings. This paper presents an approach that allows generating consistent OWL 2 DL ontology versions in a priori way. It also proposes an efficient storage strategy that preserves the semantics aspect of ontology and performs well typical queries with a low storage space. A protégé plug‐in is developed to show the feasibility of the main ideas presented in this paper.     

Version management for business process schema evolution

The current business environment changes rapidly, dictated by user requirements and market opportunities. Organisations are therefore driven to continuously adapt their business processes to new conditions. Thus, management of business process schema evolution, particularly process version control, is in great demand to capture the dynamics of business process schema changes. This paper aims to facilitate version control for business process schema evolution, with an emphasis on version compatibility, co-existence of multiple versions and dynamic version shifts. A multi-level versioning approach is established to specify dependency between business process schema evolutions, and a novel version preserving graph model is proposed to record business process schema evolutions. A set of business process schema updating operations is devised to support the entire set of process change patterns. By maintaining sufficient and necessary schema and version information, our approach provides comprehensive support for navigating process instance executions of different and changing versions, and deriving the process schema of a certain version. A prototype is also implemented for the proof-of-concept purpose.     

基于本体的动态知识管理系统

给出一个基于本体的动态知识管理系统框架,介绍各模块的设计思路,阐述本体库构建、知识俘获与规范化、知识检索等关键模块的实现过程与相关技术要点。该系统框架以领域本体为基础,根据企业实际需求的变化,动态维护知识结构及类别,实现企业知识的动态管理。     

基于邻域粗糙集下知识划分的信息表降维

Pawlak粗糙集的知识约简包括对决策表的知识约简和对信息表的知识约简。作为Pawlak粗糙集的扩展,邻域粗糙集在针对决策表的属性约简方面应用广泛,而针对信息表的属性约简方面应用鲜少。为了设计一种适用于信息表的属性约简算法,根据Pawlak粗糙集的信息表知识约简标准,首先提出一种邻域粗糙集的信息表知识约简标准,然后根据这种标准,结合贪心思想,进一步提出了一种适用于聚类任务的信息表属性约简算法。与主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)算法相比,实验结果表明用该算法对数据集降维后,得到的属性约简集合的属性个数较多,K-means算法根据属性集合进行聚类的精度较高。实验结果证明该算法能有效地应用于信息表的属性约简方面。