旋转射流冲击凸台换热特性的数值模拟

运用重整化(RNG)的κ-ε模型对半封闭板内带旋流的射流冲击凸台的传热及流动进行仿真,研究了旋转射流冲击凸台时的流场特性以及凸台表面、侧壁和平板上的传热特性.分析了旋流强度(旋转数)、流动Re数、冲击高度H/D对传热与流动的影响.结果表明,不同Re数下旋流会削弱驻点处的冲击作用,从而使得驻点处的传热Nu数减小.在雷诺数Re=25 000时,在旋转数0相似文献   

旋进射流流动的大涡模拟

分析了基于流体附壁效应而自激产生的旋进射流的流动特征,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法研究了射流喷嘴内部的流场.数值模拟得到了流场的速度分布和压力分布,比较了膨胀比、长径比等喷嘴结构参数以及雷诺数对旋进射流流动的影响.数值模拟表明旋进射流的轴向流动速度衰减得很快,流场中存在明显的旋流、附壁效应和反向回流现象,所得到的结果与已有的分析结论基本吻合.     

冲击射流离散频率噪声的特性及机理

为探索冲击射流离散频率噪声的产生机理，系统地研究了冲击射流离散频率噪声的特性。发现对于给定的喷嘴和冲击距离，存在一个压比临界点，当压比高于此临界点值时，流场振荡和离散频率噪声被显著抑制乃至消失。解释了此压比临界值的机理：气流的出口膨胀阻遏了反馈声波对喷嘴唇口的激发，从而抑制了反馈环的形成。研究了射流倾斜冲击平板时反馈环以及相应的离散频率噪声，推测此压比临界点值与冲击距离、射流倾斜角度有关。实验表明：压比临界点值随冲击距离在一定范围内的增加而增高，随喷嘴偏离垂直角度增加而减低。     

上下冲击式速冻机流场和换热特性研究现状

目的 为了提高食品冻结的品质,需要对冲击式速冻机的结构尺寸和内部流场进行优化,改善冲击式速冻机的冻结效率.方法 综述影响该类速冻机换热特性的4个因素,即喷嘴的形状和尺寸,射流阵列的排布,喷嘴到输送带距离和喷嘴间距的改变,速冻机进出口压差等.结果 通过回顾计算流体力学技术和实验研究在这4个方面优化速冻机换热特性的案例,总结了上下冲击式速冻机流场变化的规律.结论 该研究为新型速冻机的优化设计提供了理论支撑.     

电弧加热器流场数值模拟研究

电弧加热器流场特性是影响材料热化学烧蚀的关键因素之一,根据可压缩的轴对称N-S方程,对喷嘴的超声速自由射流、垂直冲击射流进行了数值模拟,采用k-ε湍流模型.计算得到自由射流流场结构的三个区域:射流核心区、射流卷吸区和射流湍流区,射流的速度分布具有不均匀性,其轴线射流速度存在较大变动;冲击射流近壁处存在着滞止区.所获得的喷嘴外部流场的流动状况以及冲击射流参数分布,如压力、温度和速度分布,可用于烧蚀试验和计算优化设计,流场计算结果与烧蚀实验值吻合.     

基于CFD的超声激振喷嘴雾化特性数值模拟研究

为了进一步提高超声激振喷嘴内部的湍流效果和提高喷嘴雾化效率,通过设置碰撞壁和振荡腔的结构对现有的超声喷嘴进行改进。利用哈特曼流体声波发生器原理,建立超声激振喷嘴雾化模型,利用CFD流体动力学仿真软件模拟喷嘴内部的流场,以喷距和碰撞壁角度两个主要参数对喷嘴出水口速度的影响。结果表明:通过分析喷嘴内部速度和压力流场云图发现喷嘴内部振荡腔和碰撞斜壁的设计会使喷嘴内部产生空化涡旋,空化涡旋内空化气泡的溃灭会增强流体的扰动,增强喷嘴内部流体的湍流的效果,增强喷嘴雾化的效果加强喷嘴内部流体的扰动效果,提高喷嘴的雾化效率;喷嘴射流速度随进口压力的增加表现出明显的增大趋势,射流速度对喷距的增加表现出明显的增加趋势,相比较之下碰撞壁角度对射流速度的影响不明显,经分析确定参数喷距L=1 mm,碰撞壁为60°时超声激振喷嘴雾化效果最好。     

不同结构的条缝喷嘴对冲击射流换热的影响

本文采用数值模拟结合实验验证的方法,对比了170 Pa和190 Pa两种进口压力条件下,3种不同结构的V型条缝喷嘴对冲击式速冻设备换热的影响,分别从喷嘴出口风速、横流方向风速以及努塞尔数(Nu) 3个方面进行研究分析。结果表明:喷嘴延伸段长度K较大的喷嘴出口风速较大、流场较为均匀,但较大的K反而削弱对流换热的强度;喷嘴渐缩段与延伸段之间的夹角α较小的喷嘴在横流方向上的风速较小、均匀度较高,受横流影响较小,但对提高对流换热强度的作用不明显;当V型条缝K=10 mm,α=165°时,平均Nu最高,对流换热的强度最大。     

射流冲击凸台时传热与流动的数值模拟研究

针对冲击射流应用中经常会遇到不平整表面的情况(如各种电子元件),采用RNG的κ-ε模型,对处在半封闭板内凸台的冲击传热和流动进行了数值模拟.研究了冲击凸台表面、侧面及平板上的传热特性,分析了冲击高度H/D、流动Re数等参数对传热和流动的影响.结果表明,冲击高度较小时凸台上表面的传热Nu数沿径向的分布有一个先抑后扬的特征,在凸台边缘处达到最大.数值模拟还较好地给出了射流冲击凸台后流体分离、再次冲击平板等复杂的流动特征.     

印刷涂布烘箱V型条缝喷嘴冲击射流流场的数值模拟

为了解印刷涂布设备烘箱V型条缝喷嘴冲击射流流场分布及其影响因素,采用标准k-ε湍流模型,对喷嘴射流冲击移动壁面进行数值模拟。分析了喷嘴冲击射流壁面附近速度场和压力场分布情况,考虑了影响喷嘴冲击射流壁面附近速度分布的喷嘴宽度和高度等因素。研究结果表明:在冲击射流中,喷嘴距壁面的高度和喷嘴宽度对壁面附近速度分布影响较为明显;综合考虑各种因素,较理想的喷嘴高度是15 mm,相应的喷嘴宽度为2.5 mm。     

喷嘴出口状态对水蒸汽喷射器流动行为及其性能的影响北大核心CSCD

水蒸气喷射器作为一种结构简单、运行稳定的真空获得设备,其内部流动过程十分复杂。目前关于蒸汽喷射器的研究已较为完善,然而对于蒸汽喷射器的膨胀状态的研究很少涉及。为了进一步完善蒸汽喷射器的膨胀状态的分类,并且对在不同膨胀状态下蒸汽喷射器的内部流动行为及其对蒸汽喷射器性能的影响进行研究。文章以数值模拟技术为主要研究方法,研究了蒸汽喷射器喷嘴不同出口状态的流场结构及其对水蒸气喷射器性能的影响。结果表明:喷嘴的运行状态可分为欠膨胀状态、完全膨胀状态、过膨胀状态以及非拉瓦尔喷嘴状态,并且引射压力的变化对扩压器壁面剪切应力的影响远远大于喷嘴。在兼顾水蒸气喷射器的抽气能力、效率、排气能力以及获得真空度能力的同时,蒸汽喷射器在完全膨胀区域与过膨胀区域运行时可以获得较高的引射系数和压缩比,并且在过膨胀区域内具有最优的工况条件。此外,完全膨胀区域仅为一个点值。     

The measurement of thermodynamic performance in cryogenic two-phase turbo-expander

Liquid fraction measurement in cryogenic two-phase flow is a complex issue, especially for an industrial cryogenic system. In this paper, a simple thermal method is proposed for measuring the liquid fraction in cryogenic two-phase turbo-expander by an electric heating unit in experimental study. The liquid fraction of the cryogenic two-phase flow is determined through the heat balance built at the outlet of the turbo-expander (inlet of heating unit) and the outlet of the heating unit. Liquid fractions from 1.16% to 5.02% are obtained from five two-phase expansion cases. Under the same turbo-expander inlet pressure and rotating speed, five superheated expansion cases are tested to evaluate the wetness loss in two-phase expansion. The results show that the proposed method is successful in measuring the liquid fraction of cryogenic two-phase expansion for turbo-expander in an industrial air separation plant. The experimental isentropic efficiency ratio and the tested Baumann factor decrease with the increasing mean wetness. Based on prediction of Baumann rule, the cryogenic turbo-expander with low liquid fraction in two-phase expansion cases suffers from more severe wetness loss than that with the higher liquid fraction.     

管带式水冷散热器的换热性能研究

本文对管带式水冷散热器的换热性能进行数值模拟研究并通过实验进行验证,以求提高换热器换热性能。建立模型分别从管带式百叶窗、扁管翅片单元进行全面的性能分析。其中对管带式散热器百叶窗的开窗角度进行了分析,结果表明:管带式散热器的百叶窗开角在23°~27°之间的散热效果最佳,提出并通过数值模拟验证了一种优化翅片结构的方案,与传统结构对比,散热效果有明显提高。搭建实验台并设计正交试验,研究了不同因素对散热器整体散热效果的影响程度。在本实验研究的范围下,通过多组实验数据分析得出,进口水温、循环水流量、风扇转速3种因素对散热器散热量的影响程度为:进口水温>循环水流量>风扇转速。     

Impact of plate design on the performance of welded type plate heat exchangers for sorption cycles

Numerical and experimental analysis was carried out to examine the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of welded type plate heat exchangers for absorption application using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique. The simulation results based on CFD are compared with experimental results. A commercial CFD software package (FLUENT) has been used to predict the characteristics of heat transfer, pressure drop and flow distribution within the plate heat exchangers. In this paper, a welded plate heat exchanger with a plate of chevron embossing type was tested by controlling mass flow rate, solution concentration, and inlet/outlet temperatures. The working fluid is H₂O/LiBr solution with the LiBr concentration of 54–62% in mass. The numerical simulation examines the internal flow patterns, temperature distribution and the pressure distribution within the channel of the plate heat exchanger. Three plates of embossing types; chevron embossing, elliptic and round, are proposed and simulated in this paper. The simulation results show reasonably good agreement with the experimental results. Also, the numerical results show that the plate with the elliptical shape gives better performance than the plate of the chevron shape from the viewpoints of heat transfer and pressure drop.     

Flow boiling of R32 inside a brazed plate heat exchanger

This paper presents measurements of heat transfer coefficient obtained during flow boiling of R32 inside a brazed plate heat exchanger (BPHE). Although R32 is known as a very interesting refrigerant for its thermodynamic and thermophysical properties, very limited flow boiling data are published in the open literature for R32 working in brazed plate heat exchangers.The present experimental data are measured to investigate the effect of refrigerant heat flux, mass velocity, inlet vapor quality and superheating at the outlet. The saturation temperature is kept constant at around 5 °C, which is a usual temperature level for evaporation in liquid coolers. As a significant result, differently from other studies on flow boiling with HFC refrigerants, mass flux is found to be very important, meaning a high contribution of the convective term on the heat transfer coefficient.The present data are also analyzed to assess available correlations for flow boiling inside BPHEs, in order to provide useful information on the accuracy of predicting methods that can be used for evaporators with R32.     

Experimental correlation of combined heat and mass transfer for NH3–H2O falling film absorptionCorrélation expérimentale entre le transfert de chaleur et de masse pour de l'absorption au NH3–H2O à film tombant

In this article, experimental analysis was performed for ammonia–water falling film absorption process in a plate heat exchanger with enhanced surfaces such as offset strip fin. This article examined the effects of liquid and vapor flow characteristics, inlet subcooling of the liquid flow and inlet concentration difference on heat and mass transfer performance. The inlet liquid concentration was selected as 5%, 10% and 15% of ammonia by mass while the inlet vapor concentration was varied from 64.7% to 79.7%. It was found that before absorption started, there was a rectification process at the top of the test section by the inlet subcooling effect. Water desorption phenomenon was found near the bottom of the test section. It was found that the lower inlet liquid temperature and the higher inlet vapor temperature, the higher Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are obtained. Nusselt and Sherwood number correlations were developed as functions of falling film Reynolds Re₁, vapor Reynolds number Re_v, inlet subcooling and inlet concentration difference with ±15% and ±20% error bands, respectively.     

Modeling of the supersonic argon plasma jet at low gas pressure environment

Numerical simulation results are presented concerning the heat transfer and fluid flow within the supersonic argon plasma jet encountered in low pressure (or soft vacuum) plasma spraying (LPPS). The plasma parameters at the inlet section of the plasma jet are taken from our modeling results of the subsonic-to-supersonic d.c. arc plasma torch. The mach number, temperature and static pressure at the center of the plasma jet on the torch exit section are 2.8, 13 200 K and 6000 Pa, respectively, whereas the environment (i.e. vacuum chamber) pressure is 0.1 atm. Those parameters are typical for LPPS. The plasma jet is assumed to be axi-symmetrical and in local thermodynamic equilibrium state. The All-Speed SIMPLE algorithm is coupled with the FAST-2D program to simulate the whole plasma jet containing both the supersonic and subsonic flow regions. Modeling results clearly show that there exist several successive temperature, velocity and static wave crests and troughs. The fluctuation magnitudes of those parameters reduce rapidly in the flow direction, along with the flow transformation from the supersonic flow regime into the subsonic flow regime. The existence of a series of compression and expansion waves in the region near the torch nozzle exit shows clearly the over-expanded characteristics of the supersonic plasma flow.     

露点蒸发冷却装置性能评价指标的研究

本文通过搭建逆流式露点蒸发冷却装置,实验研究了空气入口温度、湿度和风速对露点效率、湿球效率、?效比等各性能评价指标的影响,提出了能够反映湿通道潜热交换的强弱和装置性能的适用于露点蒸发冷却的评价指标——换热放大系数.研究结果表明:进口温度为33、相对湿度为22％时,当风速从1 m/s增至3 m/s,制冷量从29.5 kW...     

套管结构对翅片管气化器结霜特性的影响

结霜会对不同类型气化器造成长效性能的衰减.为研究套管结构对强化传热与表面结霜效果的影响,本文搭建了实验台,在普通传热管内加装套管,以液氮为工质,根据不同套管内径(Φ6、Φ8、Φ10 mm)及入口流量,设计了12组实验工况进行研究,获得翅片管表面不同测点处温度、霜层厚度及翅片管出口流体温度等参数.结果表明:入口流量为2....