N=2超对称大统一理论中规范破缺注记

本文讨论了用N=2超对称有限理论建立现实大统一模型的可能性. 发现规范对称自发破缺和超对称破缺是可以实现的, 但在夸克轻子质量问题上遇到困难.     

探测B_s~0-_s~0混合中的R宇称破缺超对称效应(英文)

最近由CDF合作组和DΦ合作组测量的Bs质量差ΔMs粗略地与标准模型预测值一致,因此这些测量将对限制超出标准模型的新物理信号提供一个机会．考虑Bs0-s0混合中的R宇称破缺超对称效应,并用最近ΔMs的实验结果去限制树图的R宇称破缺耦合．然后,通过从ΔMs实验限制得到R宇称破缺耦合的参数空间,显示在Bs宽度差ΔΓs中的R宇称破缺超对称效应．     

3维N=1超引力理论和超Higgs效应

本文利用超Poincare张量运算,构造了一个3维N=1超引力理论,给出了一般的拉氏密度,详细讨论了超对称自发破缺机制及超Higgs效应.     

探测B0s—B0s混合中的R宇称破缺超对称效应

最近由CDF合作组和DO合作组测量的B_s质量差ΔM_s粗略地与标准模型预测值一致, 因此这些测量将对限制超出标准模型的新物理信号提供一个机会. 考虑B0s—B0s混合中的R宇称破缺超对称效应, 并用最近ΔM_s的实验结果去限制树图的R宇称破缺耦合. 然后, 通过从ΔM_s实验限制得到R宇称破缺耦合的参数空间, 显示在B_s宽度差ΔΓ_s中的R宇称破缺超对称效应.     

工型超材料共振研究

工型金属结构单元构成的超材料具有异常的电磁性质。利用时域有限差分法对工型结构超材料进行模拟研究后发现:当结构对称时,出现了3个模;当结构的对称性破缺和尺寸增加时,分别出现了1个新模,结构中存在5个特殊的反射模。建立理论模型,结合近场分布分析了这5个反射模形成的物理原因,认为:表面等离子体在工型结构单元内不同位置的共振耦合导致了这5个特殊的反射模;当结构的对称性破缺时,出现新的共振模;当结构尺度增加时,出现了高阶共振模。     

gb→tH-的超对称QCD单圈修正和非退耦效应

在最小超对称标准模型的框架内计算了gb→tH-过程产生截面的单圈超对称QCD修正. 结果发现:若胶子质量和超对称软破缺参数μ或At,Ab同量级且趋于很大,就会出现超对称QCD的非退耦效应. 大的tanβ值可以提高非退耦的贡献,因此大tanβ情况下,较大的修正结果可能在Tevatron和LHC上观测到. 非退耦行为的根本原因在于圈图中的某些耦合顶角正比于超对称质量参数.     

IBFM模型U(6/4)超对称SO(6)极限的能谱统计

用相互作用玻色子费米子模型(IBFM)计算了奇A核U(6/4)超对称SO(6)极限的理论能谱，对不确定核的最近邻能级间距分布和能谱刚性度进行了研究，并对影响能谱统计特征的因素进行了讨论. 结果表明，有限的玻色子数N的大小显著地影响能谱统计. 当N接近于真实核的玻色子数时，子群SOBF(5)的作用强度和自旋对能谱统计起重要作用. 然而，当N趋于无穷大时，能谱统计总是趋于Poisson分布.     

对称性与对称的破缺性

对称与对称破缺是自然界中普遍存在着的一种矛盾关系。对称是变化中的同一 ,反映不同物质形态在运动中的共性 ,破缺是变化中的差异 ,反映不同物质形态在运动中各自的特性。自然界的物质 (包括整个自然界在内 )处于对称→对称破缺→深一级对称→对称性又破缺……这样不断深化之中     

反演对称破缺拉比模型的动力学问题

在超强耦合条件下,利用绝热近似的方法,对反演对称破缺拉比模型进行了研究。得到本征值和本征函数的解析表达式,并研究了反演对称破缺的影响。讨论了量子谐振腔初态为福克态和相干态条件下的系统动力学问题。特别关注了崩塌和复生现象,研究结果表明反演对称破缺会影响崩塌和复生现象的时间和高度。     

关于金属磁性超晶格的基态

在对称破缺Hartree近似下讨论了由Hubbard模型描述的金属超晶格。研究了由磁性金属层和非磁金属层组成的超晶格基态的反铁磁性。     

From flavour to SUSY flavour models

If supersymmetry (SUSY) will be discovered, successful models of flavour not only have to provide an explanation of the flavour structure of the Standard Model fermions, but also of the flavour structure of their scalar superpartners. We discuss aspects of such “SUSY flavour” models, towards predicting both flavour structures, in the context of supergravity (SUGRA). We point out the importance of carefully taking into account SUSY-specific effects, such as 1-loop SUSY threshold corrections and canonical normalisation, when fitting the model to the data for fermion masses and mixings. This entangles the flavour model with the SUSY parameters and leads to interesting predictions for the sparticle spectrum. We demonstrate these effects by analyzing an example class of flavour models in the framework of an SU(5) Grand Unified Theory with a family symmetry with real triplet representations. For flavour violation through the SUSY soft breaking terms, the class of models realises a scheme we refer to as “Trilinear Dominance”, where flavour violation effects are dominantly induced by the trilinear terms.     

Runaway Directions in O'Raifeartaigh Models

R-symmetries, which are needed for supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking in O’Raifeartaigh models, often lead to SUSY runaway directions trough a complexified R-transformation. Non-R symmetries also lead to runaway directions in a similar way. This work investigates the occurrence of runaway directions of both SUSY and SUSY breaking types. We clarify previous issues on fractional charges and genericness, and make a refined statement on conditions for runaway directions related to either R-symmetries or non-R symmetries. We present a generic and anomaly-free model to show the existence of runaway directions related to non-R symmetries. We also comment on the possibility to combine the non-R symmetry case to the R-symmetry case by an R-charge redefinition.     

Search for supersymmetry with gauge-mediated breaking in diphoton events at D0

We report the results of a search for supersymmetry (SUSY) with gauge-mediated breaking in the missing transverse energy distribution of inclusive diphoton events using 263 pb(-1) of data collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider in 2002-2004. No excess is observed above the background expected from standard model processes, and lower limits on the masses of the lightest neutralino and chargino of about 108 and 195 GeV, respectively, are set at the 95% confidence level. These are the most stringent limits to date for models with gauge-mediated SUSY breaking with a short-lived neutralino as the next-to-lightest SUSY particle.     

Probing a supersymmetric model for neutrino masses at ultrahigh energy neutrino telescopes

A bilinear R-parity breaking SUSY model for neutrino mass and mixing predicts the lightest superparticle to decay mainly into a pair of tau leptons or b quarks along with a neutrino for relatively light SUSY spectra. This leads to a distinctive triple bang signature of SUSY events at ultrahigh energy neutrino telescopes like IceCube or Antares. While the expected signal size is only marginal at IceCube, it will be promising for a future multi-km³ size neutrino telescope.     

Measuring gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking parameters at a 500 GeV e^+e^- linear collider

We consider the phenomenology of a class of gauge-mediated supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking (GMSB) models at a Linear Collider (LC) with up to 500 GeV. In particular, we refer to a high-luminosity ( cm s) machine, and use detailed simulation tools for a proposed detector. Among the GMSB-model building options, we define a simple framework and outline its predictions at the LC, under the assumption that no SUSY signal is detected at LEP or Tevatron. We assess the potential of the LC to distinguish between the various SUSY model options and to measure the underlying parameters with high precision, including for those scenarios where a clear SUSY signal would have already been detected at the LHC before starting the LC operations. Our focus is on the case where a neutralino () is the next-to-lightest SUSY particle (NLSP), for which we determine the relevant regions of the GMSB parameter space. Many observables are calculated and discussed, including production cross sections, NLSP decay widths, branching ratios and distributions, for dominant and rare channels. We sketch how to extract the messenger and electroweak scale model parameters from a spectrum measured via, e.g. threshold-scanning techniques. Several experimental methods to measure the NLSP mass and lifetime are proposed and simulated in detail. We show that these methods can cover most of the lifetime range allowed by perturbativity requirements and suggested by cosmology in GMSB models. Also, they are relevant for any general low-energy SUSY breaking scenario. Values of as short as 10's of m and as long as 10's of m can be measured with errors at the level of 10% or better after one year of LC running with high luminosity. We discuss how to determine a narrow range () for the fundamental SUSY breaking scale , based on the measured , . Finally, we suggest how to optimise the LC detector performance for this purpose. Received: 19 May 1999 / Published online: 8 December 1999     

On the strong-CP problem in models with several Higgs multiplets and supersymmetry

We point out that the strong-CP problem becomes even more pressing in the context of weak models where CP violation originates in the Higgs sector. θ renormalization is numerically too large at the one-loop level and even divergent at the two-loop level. When supersymmetry (SUSY) is introduced, many more possible sources for CP violation open up. θ renormalization could stay finite in perturbation theory, however, we find that the one-loop result turns out to be too large by orders of magnitude unless SUSY fields like gauginos and higgsinos are highly degenerate in mass or SUSY breaking proceeds in a very special way, or a Peccei-Quinn symmetry holds leading to superlight axions.     

Higher dimensional operator corrections to the goldstino Goldberger–Treiman vertices

The goldstino–matter interactions given by the Goldberger–Treiman relations can receive higher dimensional operator corrections of , where M denotes the mass of the mediators through which SUSY breaking is transmitted. These corrections in the gauge mediated SUSY breaking models arise from loop diagrams, and an explicit calculation of such corrections is presented. It is emphasized that the Goldberger–Treiman vertices are valid only below the mediator scale, and at higher energies goldstinos decouple from the MSSM fields. The implication of this fact for gravitino cosmology in GMSB models is mentioned. Received: 22 December 1998 / Revised version: 1 July 1999 / Published online: 17 February 2000     

SUSY and GUT threshold effects in SUSYSU(5) models

We study consequences of the threshold effects of supersymmetric (SUSY) and superheavy (GUT) particles to the gauge coupling unification condition in two specific supersymmetricSU(5) models, the minimal model and the missing doublet model with natural doublet-triplet splitting. We present a consistent treatment of theSU(2)×U(1) breaking mass terms in the SUSY particle threshold effects, as well as that of the top quark threshold effect, which have been ignored in previous works. The GUT threshold effects are constrained by the proton decay experiments and by some theoretical consistency conditions, but they are strongly model dependent. For example, under a certain assumption for the SUSY particle masses, the minimal model favors a large (>1 TeV) SUSY breaking scale or a high _s(m _z )(<0.12), whereas=" the=" missing=" doublet=" model=" allows=" a=" low="><1 tev)=" susy=" breaking=" scale=" for=" 0.11=">_s(m _z )>0.13. The consequences of these two models in the proton decay experiments are also briefly discussed.     

Scalar field theory in the strong self-interaction limit

We revisit the monophoton plus missing energy signature at \(e^+e^-\) colliders in supersymmetric (SUSY) models where the gravitino is very light. There are two possible processes which provide the signal: gravitino pair production and associated gravitino production with a neutralino, leading the monophoton final state via an additional photon radiation and via the neutralino decay, respectively. By using the superspace formalism, we construct a model that allows us to study the parameter space for the both processes. We show that the signal cross section and the photon spectra provide information on the masses of the SUSY particles as well as the SUSY breaking scale.     

Spontaneous supersymmetry breaking in matrix models from the viewpoints of localization and Nicolai mapping

In the previous work, it was shown that, in supersymmetric (matrix) discretized quantum mechanics, inclusion of an external field twisting the boundary condition of fermions enables us to discuss spontaneous breaking of supersymmetry (SUSY) in the path-integral formalism in a well-defined way. In the present work, we continue investigating the same systems from the points of view of localization and Nicolai mapping. The localization is studied by changing of integration variables in the path integral, which is applicable whether or not SUSY is explicitly broken. We examine in detail how the integrand of the partition function with respect to the integral over the auxiliary field behaves as the auxiliary field vanishes, which clarifies a mechanism of the localization. In SUSY matrix models, we obtain a matrix-model generalization of the localization formula. In terms of eigenvalues of matrix variables, we observe that eigenvalues' dynamics is governed by balance of attractive force from the localization and repulsive force from the Vandermonde determinant. The approach of the Nicolai mapping works even in the presence of the external field. It enables us to compute the partition function of SUSY matrix models for finite N (N is the rank of matrices) with arbitrary superpotential at least in the leading nontrivial order of an expansion with respect to the small external field. We confirm the restoration of SUSY in the large-N limit of a SUSY matrix model with a double-well scalar potential observed in the previous work.