Treatment of Experimental Dermatophytosis in Guinea Pigs: A Comparative Study of Bifonazole and a Bifonazole -Hydrocortisone Combination: Die Behandlung der experimentellen Meerschweinchen- Dermatophytose: Vergleich von Bifonazol mit einer Bifonazol - Hydrocortison - Kombination

Five groups of ten guinea pigs infected with Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes were evaluated in a blind study to investigate the advantages of incorporating hydrocortisone with bifonazole for the treatment of dermatophytosis. One group contained the untreated animals and the other groups were treated daily with: bifonazole alone, hydrocortisone alone, bifonazole/hydrocortisone combination or vehicle alone. The mycological, clinical and histopathological progression of the disease was monitored for three weeks. The two groups receiving the antifungal were the most impressive clinically. This was confirmed mycologically and although there was evidence of fungus on histological examination, the stratum corneum showed signs of recovery. In the three groups not receiving antifungal therapy the infection did not resolve by the end of the treatment period. Animals from these groups were mycologically positive throughout the treatment period and histological examination showed proliferation of the fungus. The groups were ranked in descending order as bifonazole/hydrocortisone combination, bifonazole alone, hydrocortisone alone, vehicle alone, untreated control.     

Comparative Activity of Miconazole Cream and Ointment in the Treatment of Experimental Dermatophytosis in Guinea Pigs: Vergleich der Aktivität von Miconazolcreme und Miconazolsalbe bei der Behandlung der experimentellen Dermatophytose des Meerschweinchens

Summary:  Two formulations of miconazole nitrate were evaluated to determine their efficacy in the treatment of experimental Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes infections of guinea pigs. Cream and ointment formulations of the drug containing 1% hydrocortisone were applied daily to groups of infected guinea pigs for a 21 day period. Animals were assessed clinically and histopathologically. Early resolution of infection was seen on cream-treated animals but there was mild inflammation and ulceration on those treated with the ointment formulation. This finding was supported by the histological appearance. However, by the end of the treatment period both groups of animals were completely clear of infection. This similarity in clinical response between the two formulations at the end of the treatment period was confirmed by the abscence of fungus in skin sections.
Zusammenfassung:  Zwei verschiedene Zubereitungsformen von Miconazolnitrat wurden auf ihre therapeutische Wirkung bei der experimentellen Infektion von Meerschweinchen mit Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes überprüft. Creme und Salbe mit 2% Miconazolnitrat und 1% Hydrocortison wurden fiber 21 Tage bei zwei Meerschweinchengruppen täglich appliziert. Der Behind wurde klinisch und histologisch kontrolliert. Here, die mit der Cremezubereitung behandelt worden waren, zeigten bereits frühzeitige Abheilung, während unter der Salbenbehandlung leichte Entzündung und Ulzerationen bestanden. Diese Befunde wurden histologisch gestützt. Am Ende der Behandlungsperiode waren die Here beider Gruppen vollständig geheilt. Der klinischen Heilung entsprach, daß am Ende der Behandlung auch histologisch keine Pilze mehr nachweisbar waren.     

Untersuchungen zur Wirkstoff-Freisefzung an antimykotikahaltigen Salben auf isolierter Schweinehaut und Lipid-Agar im Vergleich/Comparative Studies of Drug Liberation from Antimycotic Ointments on Pig Skin and on Lipid Agar

Zusammenfassung: Ziel der Studie war die Pruning der Freisetzung von zwei verschiedenen Antimykotika aus sieben verschiedenen Salbengrundlagen, teils Grundlagen industriell konfektionierter Zubereitungen, teils DAB-Grundlagen. Die Prüning wurde vergleichend auf isolierter Schweinehaut, über die bereits Erfahrungen anderer Autoren vorliegen, und auf einem selbst entwickelten Lipid-Agar vorgenommen, der Gelatine, Lecithin, synthetisches Schweineschmalz (Capryl/Caprin-/Stearinsäure Trigrycerid) und Hornmehl enthäli Als Prüfstanun wurde Trichophyton mentagrophytes 100/25 Hoechst verwendet. Vorläufige Ergebnisse zeigen eine gute Korrelation zwischen den beiden Prüfsystemen.
Von zwei geprüften handelsüblichen Antimykotika-Salben erwies sich ein Präparat als hinsichtlich der Wirkstoffliberation galenisch optimal formuliert; das weitere ließ eine nicht-optimale Wirkstoffliberation erkennen. Die praktische Bedeutung dieser Befunde wird diskutiert.
Summary: Purpose of this study was to test the release of two different antimycotics from seven different ointment bases. The bases were industrial preparations or ointment bases according to DAB (Deutsches Arzneibuch). The tests were made on samples of isolated pig skins, as described previously by other authors, and on a newly developed lipid-agar, which contains gelatine, lecithin, synthetic pig lard (Caprylic/Capric/Stearic Triglyceride) and hoof powder.
Trichophyton mentagrophytes 100/25 Hoechst was used as test strain. The results show a good correlation between the two test-systems. One of two antimycotic preparations tested showed an optimal drug release, the other one was not satifactory in this respect. The practical use of these results is discussed.     

Okologie, Epiderniologie und klinische Symptomatik von Microsporum gypseum-Infektionen Ecology, Epidemiology and Clinical Symptomatology of Infections Due to Microsporum gypseum

Microsporum gypseum is a geophilic fungus with a world-wide distribution, which is considered to be involved in keratin degradation in the soil. Since 1977, mycotic skin infections due to M. gypseum have been repeatedly observed in the Department of Dermatology in Graz, Austria. A predominance of females was evident. As a rare event, M. gypseum has also been cultivated from onychomycotic lesions.     

In Vitro Testing of Aspergillus fumigatus Clinical Isolates for Susceptibility to Voriconazole,Amphotericin B and Itraconazole: Comparison of Sensititre versus NCCLS M38-A Using Two Different Inocula

Abstract

Voriconazole, amphotericin B and itraconazole were tested In Vitro against 18 strains of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. Susceptibility was tested with the broth microdilution method (M38-A protocol- NCCLS). Results of this reference method were compared with those of an experimental commercial microdilution broth method (Sensititre). Two different inocula, prepared from 2- and 7-day cultures, were used. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the reference method ranged from 0.25 to 2 μg/ml for voriconazole, 0.06 to 1 μg/ml for amphotericin B, 0.016 to >16 μg/ml for itraconazole. There were no significant differences in the MIC ranges or MIC₉₀ values obtained with the two testing methods or with the two types of inocula. These findings confirm the good In Vitro activity of voriconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B against A. fumigatus. They also indicate that reliable susceptibility data can be generated more rapidly by commercial systems and use of 2-day cultures for inoculum preparation.