脱尘25年后隧道民工尘肺病调查

为了调查修建隧道民工脱尘后尘肺患病情况。我们对１９６９年在福建某地参加修建隧道飞机掩体工程的民工进行了调查,报告如下。１对象与方法对象为参加隧道修建民工,共３７２人,均为男性。对受检者询问职业史、病史、内科检查,拍后前位高仟伏胸大片,使用日本产ＨＩ?..     

煤矿与铁矿脱尘后尘肺的调查分析

采用典型抽样的方法，对煤矿及铁矿脱尘后尘肺的分布及进展情况进行了描述性研究。结果表明目前尘肺的发病情况已明显改变，新发病例以脱尘后尘肺为主，其实际接尘工龄较短，而发病工龄及发病年龄较长，晋期率、结核合并率及ＰＭＦ发病率均低于现职尘肺。由于今后社会上可能出现大量脱尘后尘肺患者，因此加强对脱尘工人，尤其是轮换制工人的管理有着重要意义。     

煤矿及铁矿脱尘后尘肺的进展情况分析

为探讨工人脱离粉尘作业后尘肺的发病及进展情况，本文共收集脱尘后尘肺病例２１５３例，现职尘肺２０８２例，对每一病例进行阅片，利用因素分层分析、寿命表及人年率的方法，分析脱尘后尘肺的进展规律。结果表明：脱尘后尘肺接尘工龄较短，而发病工龄及发病年龄较长，其累积晋期率、ＰＭＦ人年发病率均低于现职尘肺。基于本次调查结果，针对如何对脱尘工人进行普查提出了几点建议。     

北京市某区职业性尘肺病患者现状调查

目的 了解北京市某区职业性尘肺病患者的现状,为政府等相关部门制定尘肺病保障及救治政策提供参考依据。方法 将2001—2020年北京市某区报告的全部职业性尘肺病患者作为调查对象,采取电话随访的方式,对尘肺病患者年龄、性别、地区、尘肺期别、类型、病种、诊断年龄、接尘工龄、行业、企业规模、经济类型、社会保障和并发症情况等进行描述分析。结果 截至2020年底,某区累计报告职业性尘肺病132例,其中尘肺壹期54例(40.91%),贰期36例(27.27%),叁期42例(31.82%),尘肺病病种分布以矽肺(112例,84.85%)为主。不同期别患者性别间差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.217,P<0.05),不同期别患者接尘工龄和诊断年龄差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。132例尘肺病患者,实际随访130例,随访率为98.48%,其中存活112例(84.85%),死亡18例(13.64%);性别以女性(89例,67.42%)为主;尘肺病病种分布以矽肺(112例,84.85%)为主;接尘工龄M(P25,P75)为12(8,16)年,诊断年龄为(52.43±10.6...     

青海省尘肺病防治现状调查及对策

[目的]了解青海省尘肺病发生特点及防治工作现状,为制定尘肺病的防制策略提供科学依据。[方法]对青海省2006。2007年所有产生粉尘的企业及其尘肺病例进行流行病学调查。[结果]共有32734家产尘企业,接尘总人数1452501人,占职工总数的43．6％;全省累计尘肺病患者2823例,死亡647例,现患2176例。[结论]青海省粉尘危害问题严重,应加强粉尘危害管理,保护职工健康。     

煤矿井下工人滑囊炎的研究现状

在６０年代,按照劳动部等《关于将煤矿井下工人滑囊炎试列为职业病的通知》的规定：将滑囊炎列为煤矿井下工人职业病。１９８７年１１月５日,卫生部、劳动人事部、财政部和中华全国总工会发布了（８７）卫防字第６０号《关于修订颁发〈职业病范围和职业病患者处理办法的...     

关于G省某乡镇煤矿尘肺病工人的医学社会学思考

基于G省某地小煤矿农民工尘肺病问题的调查,探讨了农民工利益表达和集体行动双重缺失的主要影响因素:宏观的国际国内产业格局安排、资本的逻辑、地方政府的行动选择、农民工自身的地方性知识、工会、非政府组织等社会行动者的角色地们,而后简要提出了政策建议.     

某煤矿井下工人职业安全知识与行为现状调查

目的了解某煤矿井下工人对职业安全知识的知晓情况与职业安全行为现状,为制定职业健康教育干预措施,防止职业病提供依据。方法自行设计煤矿井下工人职业安全知识、行为问卷,采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取徐州某煤矿矿区井下工人567人进行问卷调查。结果该矿区井下工人自觉佩戴防护口罩、耳塞比例偏低,职业安全知识知晓率为70.3%,职业危害、法律法规、职业防护知识知晓率依次为70.3%、81.7%、50.4%、76.1%。不同年龄、工龄、文化程度、职业安全行为工人职业安全知识知晓率差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论该矿区井下工人职业安全知识水平及职业安全行为有待提高。     

2021年江苏省尘肺病主动监测现状调查

目的 通过尘肺病主动监测的实施及对监测结果的分析,研判尘肺病防治政策和国家职业卫生标准的实施情况和效果,为制（修）订政策和标准提供参考依据。方法 2021年选取江苏省13个地市25个监测点共计267家已开展工作场所职业病危害因素监测的中小微企业进行主动监测,共6 576人,并对接尘劳动者进行免费健康检查。对胸片和肺功能结果进行统计学分析,从地区、接尘类型、行业、企业规模、性别、年龄、工龄及粉尘监测是否合格等变量分析不同组别间异常率差异。结果 本次主动监测发现,胸片显示尘肺样改变4人,尘肺样改变检出率0.06%,4名作业工人均为男性、25～<55岁、4～<15年接尘工龄段,工作于金属制品业、中小规模企业,分布于扬州和镇江地区,接触矽尘和电焊烟尘。不同地区、接尘类型、行业、企业规模、性别、年龄、工龄及粉尘监测是否合格的作业工人胸片异常率比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;不同地区、接尘类别、行业、企业规模、性别、年龄、工龄的作业工人用力肺活量（forced lung capacity,FVC）、第1 s肺活量（lung capacity in one second...     

煤矿井下工人滑囊炎的流行病学调查

本文通过4790名煤矿井下工人的滑囊炎患病情况调查,结果表明,滑囊炎患病率为9.5％,其中采掘工人患病率达12.5％,地面工人为0.1％。滑囊炎多发生在膝肘肩等长期受压和机械摩擦的部位,且同时发生在膝肘肩的滑囊炎也不少见。     

Histocompatibility antigens in coal miners with pneumoconiosis

Twenty-five histocompatibility antigens have been measured in 100 coal miners with pneumoconiosis attending a pneumoconiosis medical panel and the results compared with a panel of 200 normal volunteers not exposed to dust. Chest radiographs were read independently by three readers according to the ILO U/C classification. On a combined score, 40 men were thought to have simple pneumoconiosis and 60 men complicated pneumoconiosis. The number of antigens tested and associations between antigens caused difficulties in assessing the statistical significance of differences in prevalence of antigens between groups of men. Using stringent criteria for statistical significance, no significant differences were found in antigen prevalences between miners and controls, or miners with simple or complicated pneumoconiosis. When a less stringent statistical approach was applied, three antigens appeared to have abnormal prevalences in these 100 miners by comparison with the normal volunteers. More detailed examination of these antigen prevalences in relation to radiographic category of pneumoconiosis did not provide any supportive evidence that these slight associations were of statistical or clinical significance. Reports on histocompatibility antigens in miners with pneumoconiosis are reviewed briefly and the results compared. There is no good evidence that any of the histocompatibility antigens so far tested are associated with a clinically important altered risk of simple or complicated pneumoconiosis when dust is inhaled.     

Histocompatibility antigens in coal miners with pneumoconiosis.

Twenty-five histocompatibility antigens have been measured in 100 coal miners with pneumoconiosis attending a pneumoconiosis medical panel and the results compared with a panel of 200 normal volunteers not exposed to dust. Chest radiographs were read independently by three readers according to the ILO U/C classification. On a combined score, 40 men were thought to have simple pneumoconiosis and 60 men complicated pneumoconiosis. The number of antigens tested and associations between antigens caused difficulties in assessing the statistical significance of differences in prevalence of antigens between groups of men. Using stringent criteria for statistical significance, no significant differences were found in antigen prevalences between miners and controls, or miners with simple or complicated pneumoconiosis. When a less stringent statistical approach was applied, three antigens appeared to have abnormal prevalences in these 100 miners by comparison with the normal volunteers. More detailed examination of these antigen prevalences in relation to radiographic category of pneumoconiosis did not provide any supportive evidence that these slight associations were of statistical or clinical significance. Reports on histocompatibility antigens in miners with pneumoconiosis are reviewed briefly and the results compared. There is no good evidence that any of the histocompatibility antigens so far tested are associated with a clinically important altered risk of simple or complicated pneumoconiosis when dust is inhaled.     

龙岩市采矿农民工尘肺患病情况调查

目的 了解我市采矿农民工尘肺患病情况,为控制职业病提供决策依据.方法 采用现状调查的方法,对2004-2008年41家矿山1 327名采矿农民工按粉尘作业人员的检查项目进行职业健康检查,并对患病情况进行调查.结果 检出无尘肺0+者190例,检出率14.32%;尘肺患者170例,检出率为12.81%,其中Ⅰ期123例、Ⅱ期42例、Ⅲ期5例.此外,有37名采矿农民工无法提供可靠职业史或主动放弃职业病诊断,给尘肺病诊断工作带来一定困难.结论 采矿农民工尘肺患病率高,提供可靠的职业史相对困难,导致部分患尘肺农民工得不到法定的职业病诊断.同时,还应该加强返乡农民工的健康监护工作.     

煤矿矿工尘肺与肺癌死亡Poisson回归分析

目的 探讨尘肺与肺癌的关系。方法 对涟邵矿务局3140例尘肺矿工进行回顾性队列分析,计算主要死因的标化死亡比（SMR）,对尘肺与肺癌的关系进行Poisson回归分析。结果 尘肺矿工全死因与肺癌均高于对照人数,其中肺癌高于湖南省人群5倍;Poisson回归分析表明尘肺矿工肺癌与对照组的差别主要在25－44岁组。结论 支持尘肺与肺癌的相关关系。     

福莫特罗与特布他林吸入对煤工尘肺患者的支气管扩张作用

目前临床上对煤工尘肺 (CWP)主要以对症治疗为主。β2 受体激动剂用于治疗哮喘与慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) ,取得了较好的疗效[1,2 ] ,但用于治疗CWP尚未见报道。本研究观察了长效 β2 受体激动剂———福莫特罗与短效 β2 受体激动剂———特布他林吸入对煤工尘肺患者的支气管扩张作用。一、对象与方法1 病例选择 :从淮北矿业集团公司 3410例煤工尘肺患者中随机抽取 6 0人 ,均为男性 ,年龄 4 7～ 79岁 ,平均 (6 2 .1±7.4 )岁。所有受试者符合下列条件 :过去 2周内无并发呼吸道感染 ,无严重心、肝、肾脏、内分泌疾病及肌肉神经疾病 ,除…     

梅州市248名煤尘肺工人体质监护结果分析

目的 分析梅州市国营煤矿煤尘肺工人体质状况集体监护结果。方法 病史采集，内外科常规检查，采用高千伏X射线拍胸片，使用肺功能仪进行肺功能测定，采用生化分析仪检测肝功能、尿糖等项目。结果 检查煤尘肺工人248名。年龄分布：最小40岁，最大81岁。接尘工龄：最短3．5a，最长49．6a，平均19．5a。工种分布：掘进工最多，其次为采煤工，再次为混合工。尘肺期别：Ⅰ期、Ⅰ^ 期、Ⅱ(Ⅱ^ )期，分别占68．5％、8．9％、22．6％。晋期情况：无变化占75．0％，发现晋期62例，占25．0％。X线表现复杂多样，以小阴影表现为主，占79．8％。有肺功能损害101人，占40．7％。轻度损害最多，占20．2％。并发症主要为高血压42．3％，心电图异常17．7％，肺气肿7．3％，胸膜粘连8．9％，肺结核1．6％，肺癌0．4％。结论 梅州市煤尘肺患者具有如下特征：年龄大、病程长、确诊尘肺年龄早。呼吸系统症状明显，肺通气功能损害不严重，并发症尤其肺结核发病率低。表明梅州市在及早诊断尘肺新发病例，预防新发病例发生，延长尘肺病人寿命，以及控制尘肺并发症方面是有成效的。     

Health status of anthracite surface coal miners

In 1984-1985, medical examinations consisting of a chest radiograph, spirometry test, and questionnaire on work history, respiratory symptoms, and smoking history were administered to 1,061 white males who were employed at 31 coal cleaning plants and strip coal mines in the anthracite coal region of northeastern Pennsylvania. The prevalence of radiographic evidence of International Labour Office (ILO) category 1 or higher small opacities was 4.5% in 516 men who had never been employed in a dusty job other than in surface coal mining. Among these 516 workers, all 4 cases of ILO radiographic category 2 or 3 rounded opacities and 1 case of large opacities had been employed as a highwall drill operator or helper. The prevalence of category 1 or higher opacities increased with tenure as a highwall drill operator or helper (2.7% for 0 y, 6.5% for 1-9 yr, 25.0% for 10-19 y, and 55.6% for greater than or equal to 20 y drilling). Radiographic evidence of small rounded opacities, dyspnea, and decreases in FEV1.0, FVC, and peak flow were significantly related to tenure at drilling operations after adjusting for age, height, cigarette smoking status, and exposures in dusty jobs other than in surface coal mining. However, tenure in coal cleansing plants and other surface coal mine jobs were not related to significant health effects. The apparent excess prevalence of radiographic small rounded opacities in anthracite surface coal mine drillers suggests that quartz exposures have been increased. Average respirable quartz concentrations at surface coal mine drilling operations should be evaluated to determine whether exposures are within existing standards, and dust exposures should be controlled.     

煤矿工尘肺发病分布与动态变化趋势

目的　分析和探讨我国1960～1996年煤矿工尘肺发病的分布特点与动态变化趋势。 方法　采用Cox回归、寿命表和Gehan比分检验等分析方法,分析煤矿工尘肺发病的影响因素,探讨不同控制危险因素条件下煤矿工工龄别尘肺累积患病率的分布与差异。结果　入矿年代和工种是影响煤矿工尘肺发病的重要危险因素(P<0.01),纯掘工种尘肺患者和纯采工种尘肺患者的入矿年代分别主要分布于1960～1969年(85.5%)和1965～1974年(69.8%);纯掘工种1969年以前入矿矿工的各工龄段工龄别尘肺累积患病率为0.00%～95.53%,明显高于该工种1970年以后入矿的矿工(0.00%～5.77%)和纯采工种1969年以前入矿的矿工(0.00%～62.10%),差异有显著性(P<0.05、P<0.01);纯采工种1965～1974年入矿矿工的各工龄段工龄别尘肺累积患病率为0.00%～14.95%,明显高于1975年以后入矿矿工的0.00%～3.86%,差异有显著性(P<0.05);纯掘工种与纯采工种各工龄段的工龄别尘肺患病率之间,自1970年入矿年代以后差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论　煤矿纯掘与纯采工种尘肺累积患病率随入矿年代的后移呈逐渐下降趋势,纯采工种的逐期下降幅度较纯掘低。煤矿工尘肺新发病例数近期内仍将处于较高阶段。