18Ni马氏体时效钢低周疲劳性能的影响因素分析

本文主要对具有优异综合性能和加工特性的18Ni马氏体时效超高强度钢的低周疲劳性能影响因素进行了分析研究,系统分析了18Ni马氏体时效钢合金元素对其力学性能的影响机理,并从晶粒度、材料微观组织、低周疲劳试验条件、疲劳试样加工状态以及非金属夹杂物等方面综述了18Ni马氏体时效钢低周疲劳性能的影响机制。     

预应变和应变时效对热轧双相钢疲劳性能的影响

本文结合位错组态的变化研究了应变时效对 Si-Mn-Cr-Mo 系列热轧双相钢疲劳性能的影响,其目的在于探索双相材料疲劳性能与微观结构的关系,为钢的制造和使用性能提供实验和理论根据。     

DZ125定向凝固高温合金在不同状态下的超高周疲劳行为研究

研究了常规热处理和长期时效状态的DZ125定向凝固高温合金在室温和700℃下的超高周疲劳特征及其差异。利用超声疲劳试验机测试了合金的超高周疲劳性能,采用扫描电镜研究了合金的疲劳断口特征,借助电子探针和纳米压痕测量仪分别测试了合金枝晶间和枝晶干的成分和弹性模量。结果表明:两种热处理制度下DZ125合金的枝晶间和枝晶干的弹性模量以及合金元素分配和偏析比差异不大;DZ125合金在700℃下的超高周疲劳性能低于室温,合金在室温下存在明显的频率效应,但在700℃下不存在频率效应;室温和700℃下,合金经过长期时效后的疲劳性能均有所降低,特别在700℃下合金性能降低得更多。室温下,DZ125合金的两种热处理制度的超高周疲劳裂纹均起源于试样的表面;700℃下,两种热处理制度的超高周疲劳裂纹均起源于试样的亚表面。     

Al—Mg—Si合金显微组织及形变机制

研究了 Al-Mg-Si 系合金6063在不同时效状态下的显微组织及循环形变特性,并结合其疲劳性能和断裂特征进行了讨论。结果表明,时效条件对显微组织和形变机制有明显的影响。在UA 和 PA 状态下,组织中的时效析出物为 GP 区,形变以位错切过的方式进行,形成不均匀的平面滑移带。在 OA 状态,组织中的时效析出物为β′相,位错绕过β′相,形成均匀的位错缠结。形变特性对合金的疲劳断裂形式有明显的影响。     

室温大气环境下不同时效态2A12合金的疲劳行为

在拉-压疲劳试验机上对室温大气环境下欠时效态、峰时效态、过时效态和自然时效态2A12合金的疲劳行为进行研究,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)分析室温大气环境下不同时效态对疲劳断口形貌的影响.结果表明:在室温大气环境下,四种时效态2A12合金的疲劳断裂循环次数均随着循环应力的减小而明显增加.循环应力水平越低,疲劳寿命提高越明显;各时效态的疲劳断口均为穿晶断口.断口中均出现疲劳条纹、台阶和韧窝,并在较低循环应力下,疲劳条纹出现的区域较多;欠时效态和峰时效态断口上还可观察到轮胎花样.自然时效态表现出最好的疲劳裂纹扩展阻力,其次是欠时效态、峰时效态,过时效态的疲劳裂纹扩展阻力最低.对室温大气环境下各时效态2A12合金疲劳行为进行了讨论.     

几种时效工艺下1420铝锂合金性能研究

为了进一步调整现有的热处理工艺,充分挖掘1420铝锂合金的综合性能潜力,采用单级时效和双级时效两种时效工艺,系统地研究了时效工艺对1420铝锂合金组织及性能的影响,重点研究了双级时效对合金沉淀相析出行为及合金性能的影响.结果表明,与单级时效相比,采用合适的双级时效处理工艺既可以缩短合金到达时效峰值的时间,提高合金的硬度,又能很好地控制合金中沉淀相的析出行为,有效改善合金的拉伸性能及耐腐蚀性能;合金中的S(Al2MgLi)相与基体之间存在电势差,S相的溶解是影响1420合金腐蚀性能的主要因素.     

热处理制度对OCr13Ni8Mo2Al钢组织和性能的影响

研究了热处理制度对OCr13Ni8Mo2Al钢微观组织性能的影响。结果表明，含有高密度位错的板条马氏体及与基体共格的细小弥散分布的β-NiAl沉淀析出是该钢具有高强度的主要原因。530℃左右时效强度达到峰值，510℃左右时效冲击韧性处于谷值。时效过程中合金的脆性与残余奥氏体的分解无关。     

T6I6处理对Al-Si-Mg-Cu铸铝时效析出及疲劳行为的影响

利用硬度测试、力学拉伸测试、疲劳测试和透射电镜分析(TEM)等方法研究了T6I6处理对Al-Si-Mg-Cu铸铝时效析出和疲劳行为的影响。研究结果表明:在T6和T6I6峰时效阶段,Al-Si-Mg-Cu铸造铝合金的主要强化相为GP区和β″相,T6I6处理能够明显提高峰时效态合金强化相的密度。与T6峰时效态合金相比,T6I6峰时效态合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别提高了7.3 MPa和11.5 MPa,同时延伸率也提高了4.1%。相同加载条件下,T6I6峰时效态合金的疲劳寿命更长,在最大应力为175 MPa时,疲劳寿命提高了63.0%。     

合金元素Mo对材料超高周疲劳性能的影响

采用超声疲劳试验技术对42CrMo钢超高周疲劳性能进行了研究。将42CrMo钢超高周疲劳S-N曲线与已有文献中40Cr钢在相同试验方法和试验条件下得到的超高周疲劳S-N曲线进行比较,结果显示42CrMo钢超高周疲劳性能优于40Cr钢。通过分析推测,合金元素Mo增加了疲劳裂纹内部萌生的时间,进而提高了材料超高周疲劳的寿命。     

不同时效态3J21合金疲劳行为

在MTS万能实验机上对室温大气环境下欠时效态、峰时效态和过时效态3J21合金的疲劳行为进行研究,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)对宏观断口及微观断口进行分析.结果表明:不同时效态疲劳裂纹均呈穿晶扩展,欠时效态3J21合金疲劳裂纹萌生寿命最长,扩展途径比较曲折,扩展速率最小,表现出最大的疲劳裂纹扩展抗力,疲劳寿命最长.而过时效态3J21合金的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命最短,沿晶扩展的比例增加,扩展途径相对平直,扩展速率最大,裂纹扩展抗力最小,疲劳寿命最低;峰时效态合金介于两者之间.不同时效态的疲劳断口均由疲劳源、疲劳裂纹扩展区和瞬断区组成.在低速扩展区,欠时效态断口呈现小平面,峰时效态和过时效态断口呈现冰糖状花样,在中速扩展区均未看到长的疲劳条纹,仅发现个别细小的疲劳条纹.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.