纳米SiO_2/有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯复合材料性能研究

采用无皂乳液聚合技术和溶胶-凝胶技术,合成了纳米SiO2/有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯无皂乳液,采用TEM和SEM观察了乳液和膜的微观结构。纳米复合无皂乳液具有优良的耐化学稳定性,随着纳米SiO2含量增加,乳液的离心稳定性降低;纳米SiO2/有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯杂化膜的耐溶剂性显著好于有机硅改性聚丙烯酸酯膜,且随着纳米SiO2含量增加,杂化膜的耐溶剂性增加;杂化膜的透光性能好,且具有紫外光吸收特性;杂化膜含有的SiO2粒子的尺寸100nm,且均匀分散于聚丙烯酸酯组分中。     

助溶剂驱使溶胶-凝胶化SiO_2/聚丙烯酸酯复合涂层

采用助溶剂和硅烷偶联剂(Z-6040)对碱性硅溶胶进行复合改性后添加到聚丙烯酸酯乳液中制备SiO2/聚丙烯酸酯杂合乳液(Si/PAE),分别考查助溶剂的种类和用量对硅溶胶的溶胶-凝胶化(sol-gel)反应及复合涂层综合性能的影响,结果发现:异丙醇是合适的助溶剂,其最佳添加量为硅溶胶质量的10%。TEM测试和纳米粒径分析发现:助溶剂可以提高无机硅颗粒在杂合乳液中的分散能力,降低Si/PAE的平均粒径。傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和原子力显微镜(AFM)分析说明:Si/PAE乳液在成膜过程中,助溶剂可驱使硅溶胶发生sol-gel反应,并在涂层表面富集含硅聚合物,Si/PAE的涂层结构平整且致密。TGA分析发现:Si/PAE涂层具有较好的热稳定性。     

醇类共溶剂对聚丙烯酸酯/SiO_2杂化涂层表面形貌和性能的影响

通过共混法制备了聚丙烯酸酯/SiO2(PA/SiO2)杂化乳液,在成膜过程中添加醇类共溶剂,驱使杂化乳液在成膜过程发生溶胶-凝胶反应;研究了醇类共溶剂种类对涂层性能的影响。结果显示,选用异丙醇作共溶剂时,交联度从65%提高到88%,而硬度从0.71提高到0.86,涂膜的综合性能最佳。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜和原子力显微镜表征涂层表面结构时,发现功能聚合物与硅溶胶间发生溶胶-凝胶反应,并在涂层表面形成了聚合物-SiO2和Si-O-Si交联骨架,使得SiO2颗粒均匀分布于涂层中,提高了杂化涂层的热稳定性。     

纳米SiO2/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的研究

试验了四种制备纳米SiO2 /聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的方法 ,结果表明 ,以KPS NH3·H2 O引发乳液聚合和以偶联剂处理SiO2 纳米溶胶再进行乳液聚合两种方法都可以得到稳定存在的无机纳米SiO2 /有机物复合乳液 ,其性能优于全丙乳液。而用HPC或以阳离子表面活性剂 -十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (CTAB)处理SiO2 纳米溶胶后再进行乳液聚合两种方法 ,必须要有合适孔径的超滤膜或合适的专用阳离子单体 ,才能制得稳定的复合型的高分子乳液。     

有机硅烷偶联剂对聚丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO_2复合材料性能的影响

同步采用无皂乳液聚合法和溶胶-凝胶法制备了聚丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2复合材料,通过TEM、力学性能、DSC、TG和XRD等检测手段研究了不同有机硅烷偶联剂对聚丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2复合材料性能的影响.结果表明,分别采用3-甲基丙烯酸氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MEMO)和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMO)制备的纳米复合材料,力学性能随其用量的增加而同步增强增韧;TEM结果表明,采用MEMO和VTMO制备的聚丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2复合材料中的纳米SiO2的粒径约20nm,且分布均匀;热性能结果表明,采用乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTEO)制备的纳米复合材料的玻璃化温度(-8.1℃)和热裂解温度(350℃)最高;XRD结果表明,有机硅烷偶联剂的加入降低了纳米复合材料的结晶度.     

纳米SiO2对聚丙烯酸酯乳液压敏胶性能的影响

采用原位乳液聚合法成功制备了聚丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2复合压敏胶乳液.纳米SiO2无需表面处理,即能有效地被分散成初始粒子状态,并在纳米尺度上与原位生成的聚丙烯酸酯复合.SiO2因界面作用富集于乳胶粒子的表面,使整个粒子具有类似于"草莓"般的形貌.纳米SiO2可显著改善聚丙烯酸酯胶膜的流变性能和压敏性能,除初黏会略微下降外,持黏和180°剥离强度可同时提高,其中180°剥离强度能提高到30%以上.     

纳米SiO_2/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的制备与性能研究

采用原位聚合制备了纳米SiO2/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液,研究了SiO2的用量对成膜时间、光泽度、吸水倍率、机械及耐酸碱性能和热性能的影响。结果表明添加纳米SiO2后,可以显著降低聚合物乳液的成膜时间,提高胶膜的附着力和硬度、胶膜的抗冲击强度、膜弹性和耐热分解性能。     

聚丙烯酸酯-聚乙烯醇-纳米SiO_2超亲水涂层

通过水热法制备了具有交联结构的聚丙烯酸酯(PAAS)-聚乙烯醇(PVA)-纳米SiO2有机无机复合乳液,并将该乳液通过提拉在玻璃基底和PET膜上构建了性能稳定、透明的亲水涂层。研究了乳液中纳米颗粒掺入量对涂层表面形貌、润湿性和透光率的影响,结果表明,随着纳米粒子掺入量的增加,涂层亲水性随之增大,而透过率随之下降。当PVA含量为0.25wt%,PAAS、PVA和SiO2的质量比为1∶2.5∶10时,涂层亲水性长效稳定,一个月时间内接触角保持在5°左右,在500~760nm波长范围内透过率超过78.68%,硬度达到HB。常温聚丙烯酸酯-聚乙烯醇-纳米SiO2亲水涂层具有稳定的耐水性和良好的抗结霜和快速除霜性能。     

纳米SiO2/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的性能研究

在丙烯酸酯乳液聚合过程中,引入由硅酸乙酯原位水解形成的SiO2,制备了新型的纳米SiO2/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液.用红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)以及综合热分析等手段,表征了复合乳液涂膜的特征.结果表明,引入原位形成SiO2的乳液体系,各组分的均匀度及稳定性均很好,尤其可提高复合涂层的热稳定性和抗回粘性,可望在耐水包装领域得到广泛的应用.     

改性纳米SiO2/聚丙烯酸酯复合膜抗静电性能研究

将改性纳米SiO2与聚丙烯酸酯乳液经过球磨,流涎或涂刷制膜可得到抗静电复合膜.TEM照片显示改性纳米SiO2为球形,粒径20nm,以几个颗粒的聚集体为独立基团均匀分散,团聚体在尺寸＜100nm.改性纳米SiO2/聚丙烯酸酯复合膜制备与性能研究表明当纳米SiO2与聚丙烯酸酯树脂质量分数22%时,复合膜的表面电阻率可达到108Ω/cm,复合膜为半透明膜;复合膜表面具有一定的亲水性,烘干后,放在20～30℃、湿度60%～80%的空气中2～4h后,复合膜表面电阻率降低到106Ω/cm.     

Structural and optical properties of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer absorber

We report on the microstructure and optical properties of Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer films, deposited by electron beam (e-beam) deposition onto corning 1737 glass, silicon (1 1 1) and copper substrates. The structural properties were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were extracted from specular reflection/transmission, diffuse reflectance and emissometer measurements. The stratification of the coatings consists of a semi-transparent middle Pt layer sandwiched between two layers of Al_xO_y. The top and bottom Al_xO_y layers were non-stoichiometric with no crystalline phases present. The Pt layer is in the fcc crystalline phase with a broad size distribution and spheroidal shape in and between the rims of Al_xO_y. The surface roughness of the stack was found to be comparable to the inter-particle distance. The optical calculations confirm a high solar absorptance of ∼0.94 and a low thermal emittance of ∼0.06 for the multilayer stack, which is attributed not only to the optimized nature of the multilayer interference stacks, but also to the specific surface morphology and texture of the coatings. These optical characteristics validate the spectral selectivity of the Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer stack for use in high temperature solar-thermal applications.     

Synthesis of a new perovskite Pb(Li14Nb34)O3

A high-pressure technique was adopted to obtain perovskite-type $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$. A new perovskite $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ was characterized to have a cubic symmetry with $\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}\text{= 4.069}\text{A}\text{?}$; Li and Nb ions in the B-site of perovskite lattice may be in a random arrangement.     

Bulk crystalline BaPb34Bi14O3: A ceramic superconductor

The preparation conditions of the high T_C ceramic superconductor Ba(Pb,Bi)O₃ is correlated with the superconducting transition. Transition onsets of all materials are similar, but transition widths and transition completeness is strongly dependent on firing temperature. Only materials prepared over a narrow temperature range, resulting in a nearly ideal weight loss, have a complete and narrow transition.     

Optimization of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer spectrally selective coatings for solar-thermal applications

Spectrally selective Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber coatings were deposited onto corning 1737 glass, Si (111) and copper substrates using electron beam (e-beam) vacuum evaporator at room temperature. The employment of ellipsometric measurements and optical simulation was proposed as an effective method to optimize and deposit multilayer solar absorber coatings. The optical constants (n and k) measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, showed that both Al_xO_y layers, which used in the coatings, were dielectric in nature and the Pt layer was semi-transparent. The optimized multilayer coatings exhibited high solar absorptance α ∼ 0.94 ± 0.01 and low thermal emittance ? ∼ 0.06 ± 0.01 at 82 °C. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data of Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber indicated the Al_xO_y layers present in the coating were nearly stoichiometry. The scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) result indicated that the average diameter and inter-particles distance of Pt grains were statistically about 146 ± 0.17 nm and 6-10 ± 0.2 nm respectively.     

Electrostriction in Pb (Zn13Nb23)O3

The electrostriction in $\text{Pb (Zn}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>2</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ crystals has been investigated using a strain gauge method. In the ferroelectric phase below 140 C, the strain vs the electric field shows a hysteresis, which is ascribed to the effect of ferroelectric domains. A quadratic relation holds between the strain x and the electric polarization P as x = QP² above about 170 C in the paraelectric phase. Values of the electrostrictive Q coefficients are determined from the measurements near 190 C, as Q₁₁ = 1.6·10^?2m⁴/C², Q₁₂ = ?0.86·10^?2m⁴/C², and Q₄₄ = 0.85·10^?2m⁴/C².     

Magnetic,electrical and thermal studies on the V1−xMox02

The monoclinic-to-tetragonal structure transition of oxides V_1?xMo_x0₂ with $\text{0≤}\text{x}\text{≤0.20}$ has been studied by means of DTA, X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility (powder samples) and electrical conductivity (single crystals) measurements within the temperature region 80 K to 400 K. A linear decrease of the transition temperature of 11 K per atom % Mo was observed. The magnetic susceptibility of the low temperature phase was found to be temperature independent paramagnetic for all preparations. Electrical conductivity measurements on the same phase showed crystals with $\text{x}\text{? 0.04}$ to be semiconducting, while a metallic behavior was observed in the region $\text{0.10 ?}\text{x}\text{? 0.14}$.     

n-PbTep+−Pb1−xSnxTe heterojunctions prepared by a modified hot wall technique

$\text{n-PbTe}\text{p}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{?}\text{Pb}{}_{\mathrm{1?x}}\text{Sn}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{Te}$ heterojunctions with a long wavelength spectral cutoff (λ_c ≈ 6 μm) were prepared using the double-channel hot wall technique. The electrical and photoelectrical properties of the heterojunctions at 77, 197 and 300 K were investigated. Detectors with R_oA equal to 170 Ω cm² and a quantum efficiency of 25–40% were obtained. Reasons for the shift of the long wavelength spectral cutoff of the heterojunctions towards shorter wavelengths are given.     

Reactive plasma deposited SixCyHz films

Si_xC_yH_z films have been prepared at 200°C by reactive plasma deposition from SiH₄ and CH₄ diluted in helium in a tubular reactor. These films have a ratio s (equal to $\text{Si}\text{(}\text{Si+C}\text{))}$ ranging from 0.2 to 0.8, a refractive index ranging from 1.96 to 2.6 and an optical energy band gap in the range 2.7-2.2 eV. The total quantity of hydrogen in the film is 40% when s=0.5. Infrared analysis shows that these films have large fractions of homonuclear bonds and that this material is best described as a polymer. Mass spectrometric measurements of the gaseous products formed in the SiH₄-CH₄-He plasma have been performed and the results are related to the composition of the deposited layers.     

Core-current-enhanced domain-wall pinning in nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 15.5/B/sub 7/ ribbon

We have studied the influence of surface fields H/sub p/ (generated by either direct or alternating core current) on soft magnetic properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 15.5/B/sub 7/ ribbon. While in an amorphous ribbon the coercive field H/sub c/ decreases with H/sub p/, in the same optimally annealed ribbon (H/sub c/=1.3 A/m, M/sub m//spl ap/M/sub s/) H/sub c/ increases with H/sub p/ for all the explored types of H/sub p/ (static and dynamic with different phases with respect to that of the magnetizing field H). The unexpected increase of H/sub c/ in nanocrystalline ribbon is associated with the influence of H/sub p/ on the surface and main (inner) domain structure. Here, we develop a model that takes into account this influence and explains the experimental results.     

Interfacial microstructure of NiSix/HfO2/SiOx/Si gate stacks

Integration of NiSi_x based fully silicided metal gates with HfO₂ high-k gate dielectrics offers promise for further scaling of complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor devices. A combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy and small probe electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis has been applied to study interfacial reactions in the undoped gate stack. NiSi was found to be polycrystalline with the grain size decreasing from top to bottom of NiSi_x film. Ni content varies near the NiSi/HfO_x interface whereby both Ni-rich and monosilicide phases were observed. Spatially non-uniform distribution of oxygen along NiSi_x/HfO₂ interface was observed by dark field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and EELS. Interfacial roughness of NiSi_x/HfO_x was found higher than that of poly-Si/HfO₂, likely due to compositional non-uniformity of NiSi_x. No intermixing between Hf, Ni and Si beyond interfacial roughness was observed.