乌头类双酯型生物碱对嗜热四膜虫生长的毒性效应微量热学研究

建立灵敏表征乌头类双酯型生物碱(DDA)对嗜热四膜虫生长代谢影响的评价方法.采用微量热法,在不同给药条件下,以表达功率-时间曲线(热谱曲线)的特征参数生长速率常数(k)、半数抑制浓度(IC50)、最大输出功率(Pmax)及达峰时间(tp)和总产热量(Qt)为指标,对嗜热四膜虫生长代谢程度进行客观地量化评价.结果表明,随着3种DDA浓度的增加,达峰时间tp延长,生长速率常数k、最大输出功率Pmax等随之降低,且生长速率常数k与相应的浓度间呈现良好的线性关系:r乌头碱=0.9910(IC50=207.7μg·mL-1);r新乌头碱=0.9923(IC50=412.5μg·mL-1);r次乌头碱=0.9977(IC50=1497μg·mL-1).同时由半抑制浓度IC50得到3种DDA毒性的大小顺序:乌头碱新乌头碱次乌头碱.初步构效关系研究表明,在化合物C(3)上引入羟基(OH)以及N原子上引入乙基(CH2CH3)均可明显增加双酯型生物碱对嗜热四膜虫的毒性作用.     

微量量热法研究黄连中小檗碱类生物碱对金黄色葡萄球菌生长代谢的影响

采用微量量热法研究中药黄连中具有抑菌作用的3种小檗碱类生物碱成分对金黄色葡萄球菌生长代谢的影响．在不同给药条件下,以表达功率．时间曲线（热谱曲线）的特征参数生长速率常数k、半数抑菌浓度（IC50）、最大输出功率（Pmax）及达峰时间（tp）和总产热量（Qt）为指标,对3种小檗碱类生物碱成分抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生长代谢程度进行客观地量化评价．结果表明,k、Pmax和Qt均随3种小檗碱类生物碱成分浓度的增加而相应的减小;tp随3种小檗碱类生物碱成分浓度的增加而相应的延长;其IC50分别为小檗碱101．4μg／mL、巴马汀241．0μg／mL和药根碱792．3μg／mL,即抑菌活性大小顺序为小檗碱〉巴马汀〉药根碱．初步构效关系研究提示,位于苯环的C2、C3上的亚甲二氧基或甲氧基较羟基更有助于提高其抑菌活性．     

一种新型希夫碱及其3d,4f配合物的抗菌活性

用微量热法研究一种新型希夫碱及其3d,4f配合物(2L, 2LZnYb)对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性, 得到了在它们作用下大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌生长代谢的产热曲线, 并且基于分析生长代谢和非生长代谢的产热曲线建立的热动力学方程, 获得了它们的抗菌活性. 结果表明, 两种化合物(ZL, 2LZnYb)对大肠杆菌的生长代谢有强的活性(IC50分别为6.1 和5.1 mg·L-1), 但对金黄色葡萄球菌的生长代谢的活性弱得多(IC50分别为310.1 和595.5 mg·L-1). Zn 和Yb的导入使化合物对大肠杆菌生长代谢的抑制作用稍微增加, 但大大降低了对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用. 对于非生长代谢, 两种化合物的活性有很大的差别. 无论对大肠杆菌还是金黄色葡萄球菌, 由于配体2L的导入, 表现出显著的抑制作用, 2L的MSC50为6.4和209.7 mg·L-1. 配体2L可能成为新的抗菌先导化合物.     

基于微量热法的板蓝根提取方法和活性部位挑选

应用TAM Air微量热系统, 采用微量热法, 考察不同提取方法的板蓝根水煎液及其化学萃取部位在37 ℃时, 对大肠杆菌生长代谢的影响. 结合中医药理论, 分析板蓝根水煎液及其化学萃取部分的药效作用及其差异, 挑选板蓝根药材最佳的提取方法和抑菌最强的活性部位, 并采用试管稀释法求出抑菌活性最强部位的最小抑菌浓度(MIC). 结果表明微量热法可用于常用中药——板蓝根的提取方法和活性部位的挑选, 为进一步研究中药的药性基础提供了一种新的、快速灵敏的技术和方法.     

微量热法研究蟾蜍甾二烯类化合物对嗜热四膜虫BF5生长代谢的影响

采用微量热法研究中药蟾蜍中4种蟾蜍甾二烯类化合物(BD)对嗜热四膜虫BF5生长代谢的影响.在不同给药条件下,以表达热功率-时间曲线(热谱曲线)的特征参数生长速率常数(k),最大产热功率(Pmax)和半数抑制浓度(IC50)为指标,对4种蟾蜍甾二烯类化合物干预嗜热四膜虫生长代谢程度进行客观的量化评价.结果表明:k和Pmax均随4种蟾蜍甾二烯类化合物浓度的增加而相应减小,且k与不同化合物的相应浓度间有良好的线性关系(r0.98);华蟾毒精、蟾毒灵、蟾毒它灵和日蟾毒它灵的IC50分别为119.2、106.14、73.80和54.75μg·mL-1,即毒性效应大小顺序为日蟾毒它灵蟾毒它灵蟾毒灵华蟾毒精.初步构毒关系研究表明,在蟾蜍甾二烯结构母核C11上引入α-OH,C14上引入β-OH,C16上引入β-OAC以及C14与C15未发生脱水均可明显增加蟾蜍甾二烯对嗜热四膜虫BF5的毒性作用.     

Schiff碱金属配合物在细菌代谢过程中的表征

采用微量热法测定了产气杆菌在四种Schiff碱金属配合物作用下的代谢热谱, 以其对数生长期的生长速率常数k表征了Schiff碱金属配合物对其细菌生长的抑制。不同的配合物其抑制情况不同。Co(II)-NG(NG : D-氨基葡萄糖-β-萘酚醛Schiff碱)对产气杆菌的抑制作用最大, 随着浓度c的增加抑制作用增大, 在350μg.mL^-^1时可完全抑制其生长, 但k-c并不呈线性关系; Fe(II)-NG对产气杆菌的抑制较小, 且在50-300μg.mL^-^1浓度范围内k与浓度无关, 在350μg.mL^-^1时才略表现有一定的抑制作用; Cu(II)-NG和Zn(II)-NG对产气杆菌的抑制作用也较小, 且k随着浓度的变化不规则, 同时发现热谱上最大热输出功率Pmax与生长速率常数存在正比关系, 进而推出在实验条件相同的情况下可用Pmax代替k。     

微量量热法研究增溶性辅料吐温80对红细胞生理活性的影响

建立灵敏、专属性较好地表征增溶性辅料吐温80对红细胞生理活性影响的评价方法.采用微量量热法以生命体能量代谢特征参数衰亡速率常数(k)、最大热功率(Pmax)、总发热量(Q)、衰亡时间(t)为评价指标,考察增溶性辅料吐温80作用下红细胞的能量动态变化过程.结果表明,随着吐温80浓度(C)的增大,红细胞生长代谢特征参数总发热量(Q)降低、最大热功率(Pmax)增强、衰亡时间(t)减小、衰亡速率常数(k)减小,Q,k与ln C间量效关系良好(相关系数r>0.95);不同厂家吐温80作用于红细胞的总发热量(Q)存在显著性差异(P<0.05).与肉眼观察法、分光光度法、细胞计数等常规方法比较,微量量热法较能实时在线、全息地监测增溶性辅料对红细胞生理活性的动态过程,尤其是对亚致死效应细胞测定的分辨能力.该法可用于增溶性辅料吐温80质量标准的生物测定,亦为红细胞能量代谢等相关研究提供了实验参考.     

五种西佛碱配合物对金黄色葡萄球菌代谢抑制的热化学研究

用微量热法研究了五种西佛碱金属配合物对金黄色葡萄球菌代谢抑制作用。发现不同西佛碱金属配合物对金黄色葡萄球菌的作用效果不同 ,其药效为 :Cu( ) - L>Cu( ) - OVG>Co( ) - L>Zn( ) - OVG>Zn( ) - L,半抑制浓度 HIC依次增大。不同金属配合物作用下 ,金黄色葡萄球菌代谢热谱有所不同 ,说明不同西佛碱金属配合物对金黄色葡萄球菌作用的方式不同。     

微量量热法研究増溶性辅料吐温80对红细胞生理活性的影响

建立灵敏、专属性较好地表征増溶性辅料吐温80对红细胞生理活性影响的评价方法.采用微量量热法以生命体能量代谢特征参数衰亡速率常数(k)、最大热功率(Pmax)、总发热量(Q)、衰亡时间(t)为评价指标,考察增溶性辅料吐温80作用下红细胞的能量动态变化过程.结果表明,随着吐温80浓度(C)的增大,红细胞生长代谢特征参数总发热量(Q)降低、最大热功率(Pmax)增强、衰亡时间(t)减小、衰亡速率常数(k)减小,Q,k与lnC间量效关系良好(相关系数r0.95);不同厂家吐温80作用于红细胞的总发热量(Q)存在显著性差异(P0.05).与肉眼观察法、分光光度法、细胞计数等常规方法比较,微量量热法较能实时在线、全息地监测增溶性辅料对红细胞生理活性的动态过程,尤其是对亚致死效应细胞测定的分辨能力.该法可用于增溶性辅料吐温80质量标准的生物测定,亦为红细胞能量代谢等相关研究提供了实验参考.     

微量热法测定Vitex negundo Linn对大肠杆菌抑制作用的活性部位

开发药用植物首先必须确定其活性部位. 我们采用微量热法鉴定了一种植物Vitex negundo Linn的四种不同提取物: 正己烷提取物、氯仿提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和甲醇提取物对大肠杆菌(E. coli)的抑制作用. 结果表明甲醇提取物对大肠杆菌生长的代谢热谱抑制作用最强. 通过计算该提取物作用下大肠杆菌的生长速率常数, 表明该提取物的抑制作用随浓度的升高而增强.     

Impact of sunflower and mustard leave extracts on the growth and dark respiration of mustard seedlings

The subject of the study was investigation of impact of extracts from sunflower and mustard leaves on growth of mustard seedlings. Seeds of mustard were germinated on water and then grew on aqueous extracts from sunflower or mustard leaves. The specific thermal power during seedlings growth was measured by isothermal calorimetry. Changes in the chemical composition stimulated by extracts were measured by FT-Raman spectroscopy and analyzed with the support of the cluster analysis. The heat production rate during growth of seedlings was related to the type of extracts. Crude sunflower and mustard extracts strongly inhibited the growth of seedlings when compared to non-treated control. FT-Raman spectroscopy confirms that allelopathic compounds have the greatest influence on the metabolism of fatty acids of mustard cotyledons. The obtained results indicate that sunflower and mustard extracts have varied impact on growth and heat production rate of mustard seedlings.     

微量热法研究头孢菌素对大肠杆菌微生物活性的影响

用微量热法测定了两种头孢菌素头孢哌酮钠(CFZ)和头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠(CFZ-SBT)在37 ℃时对大肠杆菌DH5α代谢作用的影响. 根据产热曲线分别获得了大肠杆菌DH5α在不同浓度的头孢哌酮钠和头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠作用下的生长速率常数(k)、抑制率(I)、最大产热功率(Pm)以及最大产热功率所对应的时间tm等热动力学参数. 研究结果表明, 头孢哌酮钠和头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠对大肠杆菌的致死量分别为0.1和0.25 μg/mL. 通过研究k, I, Pm, tm和浓度(c)间的关系发现, 舒巴坦钠的加入没有增加头孢哌酮钠对大肠杆菌DH5α的抑制作用.     

Microcalorimetric Studies on Influence of Sm^3＋, Dy^3＋ on Growth and Sporulation of Bacillus thuringiensis

By using an LKB-2277 Bioactivity Monitor and cycle-flow method, the thermogenic curves of aerobic growth for Bacillus thuringiensis cry Ⅱ strain at 28 ℃ have been obtained. The metabolic thermogenic curves of Bt cry Ⅱ contain two distinct parts: the first part reflects the changes of bacterial growth phase and the second part corresponds to sporulation phase. From these thermogenic curves in the absence or presence of Sm^3 , Dy^3 ions, the thermokinetic parameters such as the growth rate constants k. the interval time τ1, the maximum power PMAX1 and heat-output QLOG for log phase, the maximum power PMAX2 and heat-output QSTAT for stationary phase, the heat-output QSPOR for sporulation phase and total heat effects QT were calculated. Sm^3 and Dy^3 ions have promoting action on the growth of Bt cryⅡ in their lower concentration range, on the other hand, they have inhibitory action on the sporulation of Bt in their higher concentration range, It has also been found that the effects of Sm^3 and Dy^3 ions on Bt during the sporulation phase were far greater than those during the bacterial growth phase. It was concluded that the application of Bt for controlling insecticide could not be affected by the presence of the rare-earth elements in the environmental ecosystem.     

Strong endothermic effects caused by allelopathic interactions during growth of mustard,rape, wheat and clover seedlings

In order to better understand the processes of allelopathic interactions and to elucidate the impact of various herbal extracts on seedling growth, investigations were initiated using isothermal calorimetry as a monitor. Seeds of wheat, mustard, rape and clover were germinated on aqueous herbal extracts from arnica, hypericum, milfoil, ribwort, sage and sunflower for 24 h (until the root was visible). Then, five seedlings were put into a calorimeter ampoule with herbal extracts. The specific thermal power (=heat production rate) of the seedlings during their growth was measured by isothermal calorimetry at 20 °C. Heat rate data were collected for 48 h. As a control seedlings were grown on water. The patterns of the thermal power–time curve during seedling growth on the herbal extracts and on water were completely different. In comparison with the water control, seedling growth on the herbal extracts was accompanied by a strong exothermic peak (first phase), whereas in the second phase distinct endothermic peaks were observed. The time after which the maxima of exo- and endothermic peaks occurred strongly depended on the seedling species and the origin of herbal extract. Similarly, the total thermal effect connected with seedling growth was correlated with the seedling species and herbal extract type.     

Study on interaction between antibiotics and Escherichia coli DH5α by microcalorimetric method

A microcalorimetric technique based on the bacterial heat output was applied to evaluate the influence of antibiotics PIP (Piperacillin Sodium) and composite preparation of PIP and SBT (Sulbactam Sodium) on the growth of E. coli DH5α. The power–time curves of the growth metabolism of E. coli DH5α were studied using a TAM Air Isothermal Microcalorimeter at 37°C. By analyzing the power–time curves, the parameters such as growth rate constants (k), inhibitory ratio (I), the maximum heat power (P _m) and the time of the maximum heat power (t _m) were obtained. The results show that different concentrations of antibiotics affect the growth metabolism of E. coli DH5α. The PIP in the concentration range of 0–0.05 μg mL^–1 has a stimulatory effect on the E. coli DH5α growth, while the PIP of higher concentrations (0.05 –0.25 μg mL^–1) can inhibit its growth. It seems that the composite preparation composed of PIP and SBT cannot improve the inhibitory effect on E. coli DH5α as compared with the PIP.     

A microcalorimetric study of the biologic effect of Mn(II) on Bacillus thuringiensis growth

A microcalorimetric technique based on the bacterial heat-output was explored to evaluate the effect of Mn(II) on Bacillus thuringiensis. The power-time curves of the growth metabolism of B. thuringiensis and the effect of Mn(II) on it were studied using an LKB-2277 BioActivity Monitor, ampoules method, at 28°C. For evaluation of the results, the maximum peak-heat output power (P _max) in the growth phase, the growth rate constants (k), the log phase heat effects (Q _log ), and the total heat effect in 23 h (Q _T) for B. thuringiensis were determined. Manganese has been regarded as the essential biological trace element. Mn(II) of different concentration have different effects on B. thuringiensis growth metabolism. High concentration (800-1600 μg mL^-1) of Mn(II) can promote the growth of B. thuringiensis; low concentration (500-800 μg mL^-1) can inhabit its growth. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Influences of levofloxacin salts on the metabolism of Escherichia coli by microcalorimetry

A microcalorimetric technique was used to evaluate the influence of both Levofloxacin lactate in sodium chloride injection (drug A) and Levofloxacin hydrochloride in sodium chloride injection (drug B) on the metabolism of Escherichia coli. By means of an isothermal calorimeter and ampoule method at 37 °C, the power-time curves of E. coli growth were obtained under different conditions. The parameters such as the growth rate constant k, maximum power output P _m, time t _m corresponding to the maximum power output and inhibitory ratio I of these two drugs were obtained. The results reveal that the inhibitory abilities enhance with increasing concentrations of the two drugs. The critical growth concentration and the half-inhibitory concentration IC₅₀ were 0.15 and 0.079 μg mL^?1 (for drug A), 0.13 and 0.061 μg mL^?1 (for drug B), respectively. These results show the drug A has slightly better inhibitory effect on E. coli than that of drug B.     

Microcalorimetric Study of the Screening Specific Promoter Bacteria of Nutrient Drug

The power vs. time curves of the promoter bacteria of a nutrient drug were determined by using a 2277 Thermal Activity Monitor (Sweden). A new experimental model of bacterial growth were established. The growth rate constant, heat output and optimum concentration of specific promoter bacterial of nutrient drug were calculated.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Microcalorimetric Study of the Biological Effects of Zn^＋ on Bacillus thuringiensis Growth

A microcalorimetric technique was used to investigate the influence of Zn^2 on the growth metabolism of Bacillus thuringiensis .LKB-2277 Bioactivity Monitor was employed to obtain the power-time curves,from which the maximum peak-heat output power(Pmax) in the log phase,the growth rate constants(k), the inhibitory ratios(I) ,the generational time(tG) and the total heat effect (Qtotal) in 23 h for the growth metabolism of Bacillus thuringiensis at 28℃ can be evaluated,The results indicate that the concentration of Zn^2 affects its growth obviously,Low concentration (0-50μg/mL) of Zn^2 promotes the growth of Bacillus thuringiensis while high concentration (50-500μg/mL) of Zn^2 inhibits its growth .When the concentration reached up to 600μg/mL,it can not grow at all.