博采

农业部公布饲料行业两许可条件《饲料生产企业许可条件》和《混合型饲料添加剂生产企业许可条件》已经2012年10月9日农业部第10次常务会议审议通过,现予公布,自2012年12月1日起施行。《饲料生产企业许可条件》规定:固态添加剂预混合饲料生产企业应当符合以下条件:复合预混合饲料和微量元素预混合饲料生产企业的设计生产能力不小于2.5t/h,混合机容积不小于     

纺粘法纺丝工艺条件的优化

本文结合生产实践，阐述了纺粘法非织造布生产中不同原料和不同生产条件对纺丝效果的影响，提出了在不同生产条件下应选择合理的工艺条件和最佳参数，以生产出高质量的产品。     

国内

两项乳品生产许可审查细则正式公布实施备受关注的两项乳制品生产许可审查细则——《企业生产婴幼儿配方乳粉许可条件审查细则(2010版)》和《企业生产乳制品许可条件审查细则     

低温火腿肠工艺技术研究

研究了低温猪肉火腿肠生产腌制液配方、辅料配方、加工中烘烤、煮制等工艺条件,得到了实验条件下低温火腿肠生产的最佳配方和工艺条件。     

玉米固态发酵生产红曲发酵条件的研究

本文以廉价农产品玉米为原料,以色价为指标,对玉米发酵生产红曲的工艺条件进行了研究。采用单因素和正交试验确定了紫红曲霉CICC 3.438固态发酵生产红曲的工艺条件为接菌量9%,发酵温度30℃,培养时间11 d,在此条件下红色价为2 776.35 U/g。玉米固态发酵生产红曲发酵条件的研究和确定,可为玉米固态发酵生产红曲提供技术支持。     

猪的杂交利用关键技术分析

猪种代表了养猪生产过程中所表现繁殖、增重、饲料报酬和瘦肉率等生产性能的遗传基础,同样的生产条件会产生不同的生产效果。因此,根据生产条件和产品要求选择适宜的猪种并进行杂种优势利用,对提高生产性能与经济效益具有十分重要的意义。     

牛初乳加工技术研究进展

综述了牛初乳的营养成分、影响牛初乳稳定性的各种因素及目前实验室条件和生产条件下牛初乳及其制品加工工艺条件和各种加工方法的特点,探讨了提高牛初乳加工稳定性的方法,以期为牛初乳产品的开发和生产提供参考。     

栀子蓝色素生产工艺研究

应用单因子比较和正交设计法研究了栀子蓝色素发酵生产条件。通过优化试验 ,得到了最优摇瓶蓝色发酵生产条件。将该优化条件在 1 6L自动发酵罐放大生产 ,栀子蓝色素产量较初始条件下提高 2 4倍。     

袋泡茶叶包装机计量系统的适应性改造

本文介绍了袋泡茶叶包装机计量系统的工作原理及在特定生产条件下工作出现的问题和原因,提出了根据特定生产条件进行改造的设计方案和取得的效果。     

中国纺织出口新的“绿色武器”——Oeko-Tex 1000

Oeko-Tex Standard 1000是国际环保纺织协会在1995年创建的一个基于Oeko-Tex Standard 100的附加的标准体系,包括A和B两部分。A部分内容表述了使用环保型生产的Oeko-Tex Standard 1000注册生产实地标志的条件和要求。在审查的框架内,若一个公司的生产实地至少90％都获得了认证,那么这个公司就有权使用Oeko-Tex Standard 1000的注册标志。B部分确定了许可使用注册商标的条件和要求。该体系的认证是通过对纺织品生产实地及生产产品进行环境污染评估,且独立地记录生产企业已采取的环保措施及基于此在环保方面所达到的水平,最终对纺织品制造的生产条件作出生产实地认证。认证范围可涵盖整个纺织生产链的生产设施。     

39—THE FLOW OF LIQUID FROM A JET THROUGH A COMPRESSIBLE POROUS LAYER. PART III: THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUID FLOW THROUGH A COMPRESSIBLE LAYER OF LOOSE WOOL

The effects on the conditions of flow of the surface and configurational properties of the fibres in a compressible porous layer are discussed. The characteristics of a layer of wool are evaluated, and its compressibility is determined. It is shown that, when a liquid of initial uniform pressure flows through a compressible porous medium, the pressure gradient within the medium increases with the distance of flow. The resulting pressure drop is found to depend on a function of the ratio of the downstream to the upstream porosity of the compressible medium. Experimental results are reported for permeable flow through various layers of loose wool; these indicate that, when the flow is disturbed turbulent, the pressure drop through the layers is proportional to the square of the filter velocity. This result is not readily apparent from the graphs of pressure drop against filter velocity because of the compressibility of the fibres.     

纺纱牵伸胶辊胶圈应用技术概要

阐述棉纺牵伸胶辊、胶圈的应用技术和牵伸原理,重点探讨了胶辊、胶圈的牵伸工艺特性及其合理配置、胶辊制作、周期管理、质量管理、使用管理、产品缺陷与其机械波分析、纺纱环境和挡车工操作水平对纺纱性能的影响,提出胶辊、胶圈有关机件的质量要求等。     

Effects of environmental factors and agricultural techniques on antioxidantcontent of tomatoes

Antioxidants are believed to be important in the prevention of diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Lycopene is one of the main antioxidants to be found in fresh tomatoes and processed tomato products. The lycopene content also accounts for the redness of the fruit, which is one of the main qualities for which industry and consumers now look. Other carotenes (such as β‐carotene), vitamin C, vitamin E and various phenolic compounds are also thought to be health‐promoting factors with antioxidant properties. Since the antioxidant content of tomatoes may depend on genetic factors, the choice of variety cultivated may affect the results at harvest. To be able to control the antioxidant content of tomatoes at the field level when growing a given variety, it is necessary to know the effects of both environmental factors and the agricultural techniques used. Temperatures below 12 °C strongly inhibit lycopene biosynthesis and temperatures above 32 °C stop this process altogether. The effects of the temperature on the synthesis of other antioxidants have not yet been properly assessed. The effects of light have been studied more thoroughly, apart from those on vitamin E. The effects of water availability, mineral nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium) and plant growth regulators have been studied, but results are sometimes contradictory and the data often incomplete. During the ripening period, lycopene content of tomatoes increases sharply from the pink stage onwards, but no sufficient attempts have been made so far to assess the changes in the other antioxidants present in the fruit. This paper reviews the present state of the art. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

造纸过程灰份测量与控制

讨论了两种测量纸张灰份的方法，一种是Ｘ射线透射法，直接测量成纸灰份；另一种是激光透射法，间接测量网前箱与白水中的填料浓度以及填料留着率，并分别研究了以这两种测量装置构成的灰份控制系统     

The interactions between oil droplets and gel matrix affect the lubrication properties of sheared emulsion-filled gels

In this work the lubrication behaviour of emulsions, gels, and emulsion-filled gels was studied in relation to their composition and structure. It was found that emulsions had much lower friction coefficients than their continuous phases. Emulsions with 40 wt% oil had the same friction coefficient as the pure oil. The lubrication properties of the gels, sheared by pressing them through a syringe, strongly depended on the molecular properties of the gelling agent and on the breakdown behaviour of the gel matrix. For each type of emulsion-filled gel, the lubrication behaviour was affected by the interactions between oil droplets and matrix. For gels containing oil droplets bound to the matrix, the friction coefficient gradually decreased with increasing oil concentration. For gels containing oil droplets non-bound to the matrix, the friction coefficient of the filled gels was lower than that of the same gel matrix without oil. However, no effect of the oil concentration on friction was observed. The different effects of the oil concentration on the lubrication behaviour of the various gels were explained by the relation between droplet–matrix interactions and the ‘apparent viscosity’ of the sheared gels. For gels with bound droplets, increasing the oil concentration resulted in an increase of the ‘apparent viscosity’ of the sheared gel. For gels with unbound droplets, the oil concentration did not affect the ‘apparent viscosity’. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) observations of both emulsions and filled gels did not reveal coalescence of the oil droplets as a result of the shear treatment inherent to friction measurements.     

43—FIBRE MIGRATION IN OPEN-END-SPUN YARNS

A study of the migration of fibres in open-end-spun yarns is reported. Samples of viscose rayon yarns were produced by the drum and air-vortex methods, and the results obtained on them were compared with those for a ring-spun yarn made from the same fibre. Migration was studied by determining three parameters: the helix profile, the mean fibre position, and the r.m.s. deviation, i.e., the root-mean-square value of the radial deviation of the helix profile from the mean fibre position. The geometry of fibre-packing in the yarn cross-section and the fibre extent were also studied.

It is shown that open-end-spun yarns are somewhat different in character from ring-spun yarns and that the most basic structural differences are found in the fibre extent, fibre migration, and fibre-packing density. The fibre migration in an open-end-spun yarn is shown to be as little as one-sixth of that in a typical ring-spun yam, and the difference in structure is important in that it can affect the yarn properties. It is concluded that the observed low strength of most open-end-spun yarns can be attributed to the poor fibre extent and inferior fibre migration within the yarn body and that their relatively high elongation can be explained in terms of the folded and entangled nature of the fibres.

An examination of the fibre geometry in the yarn shows that the design features of drum spinners are important with regard to the determination of the fibre extent, a tangential feed being preferable to an axial one.

The yarn cross-sections demonstrate that open-end spun yarns generally have a lower fibre-packing density than ring-spun yarns, which tends to give the yarn a more bulky nature; this is consistent with what might be expected from an assembly of tangled fibres.     

消极式凸轮开口机构改造应用分析

为了适应织制厚重织物的需要,将消极式凸轮开口机构改造成积极式凸轮开口机构.对比分析两种凸轮开口机构的工作原理、优缺点,通过拆除原消极式凸轮开口箱及提综系统的相关部件,采用自动平综积极式凸轮箱进行改造.经数据记录和利用电能综合分析测试仪等进行测试分析,验证了改造的可行性,指出在原有织机上进行的消极式凸轮机构的改造方案,不仅安装方便、短期内能收回成本,而且节能效果显著,优于原织机,不失为一条改造消极式凸轮开口机构的有效途径.     

棉纺牵伸的研究与探讨

为了控制质量和工艺设计,从牵伸的定义、功能、基本条件、类型、组合和分配、分类和特征等方面论述了棉纺工程牵伸的基本原理;对系统流程的牵伸基本规律进行了研究,分析流程牵伸规律的应用和发展趋势。指出：牵伸的体积随流程的延续越来越小,牵伸的程度却越来越强,从纤维网柔和到纤维强烈,从梳理前简单牵伸到梳理后复杂牵伸,剧烈牵伸较柔和...     

细纱机锭子和钢领精密定位技术

为了提高细纱机锭速并改善成纱质量和纺纱效率,降低用工和能耗,对细纱机卷捻部分的功能、作用以及传统锭子、钢领安装方法及细纱断头的成因进行了分析,重点从定位套、钢领板、钢领定位环、调整工具及钢丝圈清洁器五个方面阐述了锭子精密定位技术的内涵,并对其安装调整步骤进行了详细叙述.指出:锭子精密定位技术使用定位套定位并将锭子固定在龙筋孔中的位置,保证其铅垂状态且不受龙筋水平影响;用定位环调整钢领在钢领板上的位置,使锭子和钢领中心完全对中;带倒锯齿形结构的钢丝圈清洁器可及时清除钢丝圈上的纤维;实现了免敲锭子,节省人工,提高了锭子和钢领的同心度,钢丝圈上飞花易清洁