Fluctuation of visual analog scale pain scores and opioid consumption before and after total hip arthroplasty

BACKGROUNDPatients who undergo orthopedic procedures are often given excess opioid medication. Understanding the relationship between pain and opioid consumption following total hip arthroplasty (THA) is key to creating safe and effective opioid prescribing guidelines. AIMTo evaluate the association between the quantity of opioid consumption in relation to pain scores both pre-and postoperatively in patients undergoing primary THA.METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent primary THA from November 2018-May 2019 and answered both the visual analog scale (VAS) pain and opioid medication questionnaires pre-and postoperatively. Both surveys were delivered daily for 7-days before surgery through the first 30 postoperative days. Survey results were divided into preoperative, postoperative days 1-7, postoperative days 8-14, and postoperative days 15-30 for analysis. Mean opioid pill consumption and VAS pain scores in each time period were determined and compared to patients’ preoperative status using hierarchical Poisson and linear regressions, respectively.RESULTSThere were 105 patients included. Mean VAS pain scores were the highest preoperatively 7.41 ± 1.72. However, VAS pain scores significantly declined in each successive postoperative category compared to preoperative scores: postoperative day 1-7 (5.07 ± 1.79; P < 0.001), postoperative day 8-14 (3.60 ± 1.64; P < 0.001), and postoperative day 15-30 (3.15 ± 1.63; P < 0.001). Mean opioid pill consumption preoperatively was 0.68 ± 1.29 pills. Compared to preoperative opioid consumption, opioid use was significantly greater between postoperative days 1-7 (1.51 ± 1.58; P = 0.001) and postoperative days 8-14 (1.00 ± 1.27; P = 0.043). Opioid consumption declined below preoperative levels between postoperative days 15-30 (0.35 ± 0.72; P = 0.160) which correlates with a VAS pain score of 3.15. CONCLUSIONAll patients experienced significant benefit and pain relief from having undergone THA. Average postoperative opioid consumption decreased below preoperative consumption between postoperative days 15-30, which was associated with a VAS pain score of 3.15. These results can be used to appropriately guide opioid prescribing practices and set patient expectations regarding pain management following THA.     

Outcome assessment in the elderly after total hip arthroplasty

An analysis of the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and Oxford Hip questionnaires, were used to assess 2 randomized groups, by either mail or interview, at a minimum 10-year follow up after total hip arthroplasty. Ninety-nine patients (median age 77 years) were reviewed at a median 11 years after total hip arthroplasty. There was a 91% response rate to participation in the study. There was no significant difference between the groups for missing values. The mode of administration did not affect the mean Oxford scores (P > .1), but significant differences were noted in SF-36 health scales Role Emotional and Role Physical (P = .01). Analysis of other demographic variables revealed unexpectedly that comorbidity affected the Pain score in the Oxford questionnaire (P = .002) and that age had no effect on scores obtained in either questionnaire (P > .05). The uses of both general health and disease-specific questionnaires complement each other in the assessment of such groups. The SF-36 and Oxford questionnaires give a more accurate reflection of health status when self-completed while accepting higher missing values in an elderly population.     

Medical assessment of the patient undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty

As the geriatric population in the United States continues to increase relative to the general population, total joint arthroplasty has become an accepted medical tool in our medical armamentarium. Much of the perioperative milieu of the geriatric population tends to be poorly researched and minimally reported within the medical community. An enhanced appreciation of predictable preoperative and postoperative clinical considerations should optimize the availability of this technology and minimize morbidity and mortality.     

Radiographic methods for the assessment of polyethylene wear after total hip arthroplasty

All wear-measurement techniques assess femoral head penetration and therefore cannot distinguish between true polyethylene wear and bedding-in. Multiple wear measurements that are made at different time-intervals after bedding-in has occurred are required to determine the true wear rate. Computer-assisted edge-detection techniques offer improved accuracy and precision compared with manual techniques and appear to be ideally suited for the retrospective and prospective examination of large groups of patients with intermediate to long-term radiographic follow-up (more than five years). While radiostereometric analysis offers improved accuracy and precision compared with computer-assisted edge-detection techniques, widescale clinical application is limited because of its relative expense, the required expertise, and the fact that it can only be used in a prospective fashion.     

Navigation for total hip arthroplasty

Despite increasing advantages in biomaterials, prosthetic designs, and implant fixation, clinical outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) has 10% failure rate after 10 years. Component malposition is well known to be responsible for instability, impingement, excessive wear and early loosening. Computer-assisted procedures are expected to improve the accuracy of the components positioning and also the outcome of total hip replacements. We present the Amplivision. system (Amplitude, Porte-du-Grand-Lyon, Neyron, France) that has been used since October 2005 for total hip replacements at our institution. The surgical technique as well as the advantages of this system is described. The Amplivision© system allows accurate positioning of the acetabular and femoral components during THA and also the control of leg lengthening, offset and stability.     

小切口人工全髋关节置换术

目的 :初步探讨小切口人工全髋关节置换术的优越性。方法 :比较了 9例小切口人工全髋关节置换术与传统人工全髋关节置换术在切口长度、术中出血量、术后引流、手术时间、术后疼痛、住院天数、住院费用、早期活动、并发症、Harri评分方面的不同。结果 :发现在相同条件下 ,小切口手术明显减少了术中出血、术后疼痛、住院天数、住院费用 ,促进了早期活动 ,并且对手术的效果无影响。结论 :小切口在人工全髋关节置换术中是可行的     

全髋表面置换术和传统全髋置换术术后生物力学结构恢复的比较研究

目的比较全髋表面置换术（HRA）和传统全髋置换术（THA）后的下肢长度、股骨偏心距和髋臼偏心距等恢复的情况,确定HRA是否更有利于恢复髋关节的生物力学结构。方法选择单侧施行HRA或THA的股骨头坏死患者各20例（对侧髋关节均健康）。术前、术后摄等比例X线正位片,测量患者双髋的下肢长度、股骨偏心距和髋臼偏心距指标,与对侧髋比较患髋术后的改变。将HRA和THA术后改变的结果进行比较。结果 HRA组各项生物力学参数差值恢复明显比THA组更接近正常。术后HRA组和THA组患侧和健侧比较下肢长度差分别为（-2.1±1.1）mm和（3.5±2.6）mm（P〈0.05）,HRA组为轻度短缩而THA组为轻度延长;股骨偏心距差分别为（-1.8±1.4）mm和（3.1±1.9）mm（P〈0.05）,HRA组股骨偏心距降低,而THA组偏心距增加;髋臼偏心距分别为（1.6±1.8）mm和（-2.3±2.1）mm（P〈0.05）,THA组髋臼偏心距增加较大。结论 HRA可以更加精确地恢复股骨近端解剖结构,大直径股骨头假体增加了髋关节的稳定性,避免了THA容易导致的下肢延长和偏心距增加,有利于改善软组织张力。但HRA还是有轻度缩短下肢长度和股骨偏心距的倾向。     

Conversion total hip arthroplasty: Primary or revision total hip arthroplasty

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an increasingly common procedure among elderly individuals. Although conversion THA is currently bundled in a diagnosis related group (DRG) with primary THA, there is a lack of literature supporting this classification and it has yet to be identified whether conversion THA better resembles primary or revision THA. This editorial analyzed the intraoperative and postoperative factors and functional outcomes following conversion THA, primary THA, and revision THA to understand whether the characteristics of conversion THA resemble one procedure or the other, or are possibly somewhere in between. The analysis revealed that conversion THA requires more resources both intraoperatively and postoperatively than primary THA. Furthermore, patients undergoing conversion THA present with poorer functional outcomes in the long run. Patients undergoing conversion THA better resemble revision THA patients than primary THA patients. As such, patients undergoing conversion THA should not be likened to patients undergoing primary THA when determining risk stratification and reimbursement rates. Conversion THA procedures should be planned accordingly with proper anticipation of the greater needs both in the operating room, and for in-patient and follow-up care. We suggest that conversion THA be reclassified in the same DRG with revision THA as opposed to primary THA as a step towards better allocation of healthcare resources for conversion hip arthroplasties.     

同期与分期双侧全髋置换术临床比较分析

目的 比较同期与分期双侧全髋置换术围手术期安全性及相关临床指标.方法 同期双侧全髋置换术(THA Ⅰ组)74例(148髋),分期双侧全髋置换术(THA Ⅱ组)54例(108髋),比较两组术前合并症、术后并发症、手术时间、总失血量、输血量、手术前后Harris评分、血红蛋白、血细胞比容、住院天数、总费用等临床指标.结果 两组性别、年龄、术前合并症、手术前后Harris评分、血红蛋白、血细胞比容比较差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).THA Ⅰ组平均手术时间(135.7±33.0)min、总失血量(1 378.6±571.7)ml、输血量(575.8±582.6)ml,THAⅡ组平均手术时间(161±46.1)min、总失血量(1 589.5±628.0)ml、输血量(544.6±582.6)ml,两组差异无显著性(P＞0.05).THA Ⅰ组平均住院天数(15.7±4.1)d、总费用(69 603±27 054.7)元,THAⅡ组平均住院天数(29.2±10.8)d、总费用(107 169±51 697.1)元,两组差异有显著性(P＜0.01).THA Ⅰ组冲经系统并发症(P=0.017)、心血管系统并发症(P=0.012)发生率比THA Ⅱ组高,差异具有显著性;其他系统并发症差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 同期双侧髋关节置换术是安全有效的手术方案,并且能够降低住院天数、减少住院费用.     

微创全髋人工关节置换术及全髋关节表面置换术

髋关节成形术是应用一种手术的方法使一个强直或畸形、疼痛的髋关节转变为一个灵活的、无痛的、比较符合生物力学解剖结构和恢复接近较正常功能的髋关节。在开展髋关节成形术的早期，往往于修整了关节面以后，在股骨头与髋臼之间置入某种隔置物（如阔筋膜或皮肤等），以防止手术后两关节面之间重新粘连融合，但效果并不明显。     

一期双侧人工全髋关节置换治疗髋部病变

目的探讨一期双侧人工全髋关节置换治疗双侧髋部病变的安全性、有效性.方法23例患者一期进行双侧人工全髋关节置换术.术前Harris评分平均40.3分,双下肢不等长0～3.4 cm,平均1.97 cm.结果无术中、术后假体周围骨折,术后无感染,髋关节无脱位;出现双下肢肿胀3例.术后双下肢不等长为0.3～1.4 cm,平均0.71 cm;住院时间17～24 d.随访13～50个月,患者疼痛缓解,关节功能活动满意,可独立行走、生活自理并恢复日常活动,最后随访时Harris评分平均为84.2分.结论一期双侧人工全髋关节置换治疗双侧髋部病变,可减轻患者的痛苦及经济负担,缩短住院时间,对全情况较好的患者是一安全有效的方法.     

Clinical and roentgenographic assessment of total hip arthroplasty. A new hip score

A new total hip scoring system is presented and applied in a group of patients who were treated by revision of total hip arthroplasty. The Mayo hip score combines clinical (80 points) and roentgenographic (20 points) data in a 100-point score. The roentgenographic input into the score decreased the percentage of good-to-excellent results because of the high frequency of roentgenographic signs of loosening. With the Harris rating, there were 63% good-to-excellent results, 12% fair results, and 26% poor results a mean of 4.25 years after component revision of total hip arthroplasty. With the Mayo system, there were 52% good-to-excellent results, 19% fair results, and 29% poor results a mean of 4.25 years after revision. A modification of the roentgenographic rating system would apply the Mayo hip score to noncemented total hip arthroplasties.     

Posterior approach for total hip arthroplasty

Summary We report a consecutive series of 131 total hip arthroplasties using a prosthesis of Brunswik type and a posterior approach to the hip. Special attention is paid to technical details, postoperative course and early complications. The results are compared with those in published studies in which the lateral transtrochanteric approach has been used. Total hip replacement was performed by a team of four persons. This led to a marked decrease in the average operating time (60 minutes). The amount of blood transfused during and after the operation averaged 761 g. The postoperative course was complicated by one wound infection (0.8%). The immediate results regarding pain and walking capacity were good in 83% of the cases. The use of the posterior approach and a highly trained operating team reduced the time required for the operation, the blood loss and the frequency of postoperative complications, and caused less morbidity in the arthritic patients.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Serie von 131 konsekutiven Hüfttotalarthroplastiken mit der Brunswik-Endoprothese unter Verwendung des posterioren Zuganges berichtet. Besondere Beachtung gilt den technischen Details, dem postoperativen Verlauf sowie den Frühkomplikationen. Die Ergebnisse werden den in der Literatur angegebenen Resultaten bei Verwendung des lateralen transtrochantären Zugangsweges gegenübergestellt. Das Operationsteam bestand aus vier Personen, was zu einer deutlichen Verminderung der durchschnittlichen Operationsdauer (60 Minuten) führte. Es wurden im Durchschnitt intra- und postoperativ 761 ml Blut transfundiert. Postoperativ trat eine Wundinfektion (0.8%) auf. Das Frühergebnis bezüglich Schmerz und Gehfähigkeit war gut in 83 Prozent der Fälle. Die Anwendung des posterioren Zugangsweges zum Hüftgelenk Bowie ein eingespieltes Operationsteam bewirkte eine Senkung der Operationszeit, des Blutverlustes sowie der Zahl der postoperativen Komplikationen bei Arthrose-Patienten.

     

全髋关节置换的骨水泥技术

骨水泥技术的改进可提高全髋关节假体的远期生存率。保留一定厚度的高质量松质骨有助于骨水泥锚固。与传统髓腔塞相比,新的可膨胀髓腔塞能抵抗更高压力,尤其在峡部以远应用时更显优势。锥柄假体置入时会对骨水泥层产生较高压力。臼杯固定时,开始早、持续时间长的加压有利于骨水泥渗入松质骨。中置器在优化骨水泥层、改善股骨柄力线的同时,也在骨水泥层中产生额外气泡,从而带来潜在的负效应。一般认为2～5mm厚度、均一的骨水泥层是假体获得远期生存率的重要保证,但一些薄骨水泥层(厚度<1mm)假体也可获得优良的远期疗效。预热股骨柄或预冷髓腔能有效降低孔隙率。气泡对骨水泥层的危害取决于其大小、位置及分布密度。     

骨水泥型与非骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术的比较

目的评价骨水泥型和非骨水泥型人工全髋关节置换术的术中、术后临床效果。方法对52例患者(54髋)进行人工髋关节置换治疗,其中骨水泥组20例(20髋),非骨水泥组32例(34髋)。术后随访进行髋关节Harris评分、自主功能恢复Parker评分,并观察术后死亡率、假体翻修率及其他并发症的发生情况。结果与骨水泥型组相比,非骨水泥型组术中手术时间短、失血量少,两组差异有显著性(P0.05)。骨水泥组1例患者住院时出现深静脉血栓形成,非骨水泥组有3例住院时出现深静脉血栓形成。骨水泥组置换后3个月,14例患者可独立行走,5例需助步器辅助行走,1例仅能活动(卧床活动);非骨水泥组23例患者可独立行走,9例需助步器辅助行走。置换后1年,在患者髋关节Harris评分和患者自主功能恢复Parker评分方面,两组之间均无显著差异。置换后3年,骨水泥组有4例翻修(均为假体松动),翻修率20%。而非骨水泥组仅有3例翻修(均为假体松动),翻修率9.37%,但两组之间差异无显著性(P0.05)。另外,随访期间骨水泥组有1例患者死亡。结论应用非骨水泥假体可明显降低全髋关节置换术的手术时间和失血量。随访期内骨水泥型和非骨水泥型双动头假体置换术的临床疗效无显著差异。     

Hybrid total hip arthroplasty

One hundred twenty-six primary total hip arthroplasties composed of a hybrid cemented femoral component and a cementless acetabular component were followed for a minimum of two years (mean, 42 months). The average patient age was 63 years. The most common diagnosis was osteoarthritis (85 hips), although 13 of the cases were severe or total congenital dislocations. Overall, the results were excellent. The mean Harris hip score was 93. Postoperative pain was rated as none or slight in 94% of the cases. No patient had moderate or severe pain. No femoral or acetabular components were revised. Roentgenographically no femoral component was definitely or probably loose. One acetabular reconstruction component had migrated. The authors conclude that the selective use of cemented and cementless fixation by anatomic site in this hybrid form of hip arthroplasty provided excellent results for five and one-half years.