腹腔镜胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补术

自应用H2受体拮抗剂和质子泵拮抗剂等药物以来，由于药物疗效不断提高，手术治疗顽固性消化性溃疡病的例数已逐渐减少，但手术治疗溃疡穿孔的例数反而增多。1990年，Mouret等首次将腹腔镜用于胃十二指肠溃疡的治疗，目前腹腔镜下的消化性溃疡穿孔修补术已获得了丰富的经验。若术后应用H2受体阻滞剂或质子泵抑制剂治疗，1年后的溃疡复发率仅为4．8％。     

十二指肠溃疡穿孔的手术治疗历史与现状

十二指肠溃疡穿孔是外科最常见的急症之一。在上世纪初主要靠手术缝合穿孔部位，术后大多数患者出现溃疡再穿孔或出血。到了上世纪中期，由于对十二指肠溃疡病理生理的深入研究，认识到“有酸就有溃疡”，因而强调对穿孔行“确定性”手术，主要有胃大部切除、迷走神经切断术等。上世纪末、本世纪初，随着对幽门螺杆菌感染的认识，特别是应用H2受体拮抗剂和离子泵抑制剂，溃疡的治愈已不再困难，单纯的穿孔修补术又成为主要的手术方法。近10年来，集诊断和治疗于一体的腹腔镜技术，显示了微创外科在十二指肠溃疡穿孔手术中的优越性。     

十二指肠溃疡并发急性大出血的外科治疗

胃十二指肠溃疡出血是消化道溃疡病常见的并发症,也是溃疡病主要死亡原因之一,其中以十二指肠溃疡出血更为多见但是,由于 H2受体阻滞剂、泵离子拮抗剂、幽门螺杆菌消除剂的临床应用以及内镜止血技术的广泛开展,绝大部分十二指肠溃疡出血患者均可得到有效的止血治疗,真正需要急诊手术治疗的患者明显减少. Thomopoulos等分析了过去 15年间急性上消化道出血的 668例病例,发现溃疡病出血患者行急诊外科手术止血治疗的比例已从 80年代的 14%下降到了 5.3%,病死率也从 3.3%下降到了 2.4%.因此,如何正确把握十二指肠溃疡大出血外科治疗的适应证,合理选择手术时机和手术方式,将有助于提高其治疗水平.     

十二指肠球部溃疡急性穿孔的手术治疗

随着诊疗水平的不断提高，十二指肠球部溃疡的内科治愈率日渐增加。但是，球部溃疡穿孔发生率并未降低。而且，溃疡急性穿孔通常发病急骤、病情严重，若处理不当可危及生命。关于球部溃疡急性穿孔治疗的主要问题是如何降低患者死亡率及减少并发症的发生。临床虽有经非手术治疗治愈溃疡急性穿孔病例的报道，但适合非手术治疗的病例很少，有些病例还可能冒延误手术时机的风险；此外，非手术治疗后再复发溃疡症状或穿孔的可能性也存在。故临床上对球部溃疡急性穿孔仍以手术治疗为主。一、常用手术方式自1892年VonHeusner首先采用单纯穿孔缝合…     

肝硬化病人十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔的外科治疗（附10例分析）

肝硬化病人十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔的外科治疗（附１０例分析）中国人民解放军第１４９医院外科（连云港，２２２０４２）张跃，边进科，麦玉发我院自１９８４年１月至１９９３年１２月，急诊手术治疗合并肝硬化的十二指肠溃疡穿孔１０例，仅１例死亡，取得了良好的疗效。本...     

十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔不同手术方式疗效的比较研究

目的探讨十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔的不同外科手术方式的疗效。方法对120例十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔病人分别行开腹单纯穿孔修补术加用高选择性迷走神经切断术（Parietal Cell Vagotomy,以下简称PCV）、腹腔镜下穿孔修补加用PCV、开腹胃大部切除术。对其手术时间、住院时间、术后并发症、溃疡复发率进行比较观察。结果腹腔镜下十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔修补术＋PCV明显节省了手术时间、住院时间和减少了手术并发症,但与开腹胃大部切除术相比,溃疡复发率较高。结论腹腔镜下十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔修补加用PCV是较合理的选择,术后辅以制酸及抗Helicobacter pylori感染药物是必要的。开腹胃大部切除术已不再是治疗十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔的合理选择。     

胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔外科治疗的术式选择

胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔外科治疗的术式选择第二军医大学长海医院（上海，２００４３３）华积德在胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔中，十二指肠溃疡穿孔比胃溃疡穿孔多。十二指肠溃疡穿孔部位多位于球部前壁，胃溃疡穿孔多位于胃窦、胃体小弯侧，少数近贲门部小弯侧。除少数行非手术治疗外...     

胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔86诊疗体会

目的 总结胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔的诊治体会和治疗效果.方法 根据患者的全身情况和局部体征对86例胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔病人分别采用非手术治疗、单纯溃疡穿孔缝合修补术、胃大部切除术措施,并对临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 由于适应证选择得当及规范的后期治疗,本组患者均顺利康复,未出现近期严重并发症及死亡病例.对其中68例患...     

青少年十二指肠溃疡穿孔的处理

目的：探讨青少年十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔的治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析45例青少年十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔的治疗，其中行单纯修补术24例，胃大部切除术13例，迷走神经切除加胃部分切除3例，修补加高选择性迷走神经切除5例。单纯修补组术后国洛赛克治疗3个月。结果：随讠年，全组无死亡。单纯修补组并发症发生率（8％）与手术切除组（38％）相比差异有显著意义（P＜0．05）；修补组治愈率明显高于手术切除组（P＜0．05）；2组溃疡复发率相比差异无意义（P＞0．05）；修补组体重增加较手术切除组差异有显著意义（P＜0．05）。结论：应用单纯修补加洛赛克治疗青少年十二指肠溃疡穿孔是一种既符合青少年生理特征又有效和可靠的方法。     

Selective treatment of duodenal ulcer with perforation.

Selective treatment of duodenal ulcer with perforation has been based on several premises: 1) The natural history of the ulcer following closure of a perforation is generally favorable with an acute and unfavorable with a chronic ulcer. 2) An upper gastrointestinal series with water soluble contrast media can reliably document a spontaneously sealed perforation. 3) With a spontaneous seal, nonsurgical therapy is an acceptable option and is preferable for an acute ulcer or a chronic ulcer with poor surgical risk. 4) The treatment of choice for an unsealed perforation of an acute ulcer is simple surgical closure. 5) The treatment of choice of perforation of a chronic ulcer with acceptable surgical risk is an ulcer definitive operation. Sixty cases of perforation of duodenal ulcer have been treated. Nonsurgical therapy was employed without complication in eight cases with radiologically documented spontaneous seal. Truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty in 36 cases and truncal vagotomy and antrectomy in two cases were each without mortality. Four fatalities occurred among 13 cases of closure and omental patch, each a case with severe associated disease. The mortality was 6.7% among the 60 cases; 2.4% for chronic ulcer and 16% for acute ulcer.     

腹腔镜在治疗十二指肠溃疡穿孔所致急性腹膜炎中的应用体会

目的探讨腹腔镜技术在治疗十二指肠溃疡穿孔引起的急性腹膜炎中的作用,为腹腔镜的临床应用提供科学依据。方法利用腹腔镜施行十二指肠溃疡穿孔修补的56例病例,观察疗效。结果所有病人无中转开腹,手术顺利,术后恢复顺利,未出现近期相关并发症。腹膜炎各项相关指标术后3 d基本恢复正常。结论电视腹腔镜对十二指肠溃疡穿孔引起的急性腹膜炎有较好的治疗作用,因此在临床上有进一步的推广利用价值。     

扩大的壁细胞迷走神经切断术治疗十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔的效果

目的 评价扩大壁细胞迷走神经切断术（EPCV）治疗十二指肠溃疡并发急性穿孔的远期效果。方法 对1979-2004年我院239例十二指肠溃疡并发急性穿孔患者施行EPCV术后胃酸分泌功能、并发症发生率、溃疡复发率和VISICK分级等进行了分析。结果 239例中随访到203例，随访率为84．9％。全组无手术死亡。术中脾损伤4例（1．7％），粘连性肠梗阻6例（2．5％），突发性腹泻3例（1．3％），进食后上腹胀满18例（7．5％）。术后远期并发症有：偶尔上腹痛、返酸16例（7．8％），粘连性肠梗阻4例（1．9％），十二指肠球变型39例（18．2％），慢性胃炎21例（10．3％），复发性溃疡6例（2．9％）。术后3～10年基础酸分泌量、最大酸分泌量、高峰酸分泌量分别下降为84．7％、60．0％、58．0％（t=36．584），P〈0．01。结论 EPCV术式降酸显著，能有效地降低术后溃疡复发率，做为治疗十二指肠溃疡并发急性穿孔是一种安全、有效的术式。     

胃小弯前壁浆膜肌层切开加后迷走神经干切断术在十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔应用

目的 探讨胃小弯前壁浆膜肌层切开加后迷走神经干切断（ASPTV）在十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔治疗中的作用。方法 回顾性分析47例十二指溃疡急性穿孔采用穿孔修补加ASPTV治疗的患者的临床资料。结果 47例手术时间平均70min，术中出血250ml左右。术后切破胃粘膜4例，均经修补愈合。未发生胃排空障碍等重大并发症，无手术死亡病例。术后6－12个月胃镜复查44例，溃疡病灶均愈合，无胃潴留。47例随访3－7年（平均5年），术后溃疡复发2例（4．3％），均经药物治疗控制。结论 ASPTV术式简捷、安全有效，手术创伤小，适合十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔的治疗。     

Vagotomy in surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer

Results of organo-saving operations in 807 patients (72% men, 28% women) with duodenal ulcers were analyzed. Bilateral truncal vagotomy (with pyloro-, duodenoplasty, gastroenterostomy, gastroduodenostomy, economical stomach resection) were performed in 27.1% patients, selective--in 1.4%, selective proximal--in 65.5%, anterior selective and posterior truncal vagotomy--in 6.0%. Lethality was 1.6%, long-term results were excellent and good in 75.6% cases. Satisfactory results were seen in 8.6% patients, bad results--in 15.8%.     

Effectiveness of duodenal ulcer surgical treatment

Effectiveness of medical aid means prevented loss of health due to optimal treatment. Measurement of effectiveness of surgical treatment could be realised by measurement of patients' quality of life. For the first time the authors have described a method for evaluation of effectiveness of surgical treatment for duodenal ulcer by studying quality of life of the patients in postoperative period. For this purpose original questionnaire ("IKG FKhK") was designed which enables to assess a common level of life quality and its components and to compare these values with those of healthy people. The authors have examined 351 patients after 8 types of operations: TPV, TPV with duodenoplasty, TPV with gastric drainage procedure, truncal vagotomy with gastric drainage procedure, truncal vagotomy with antrumectomy and anastomoses by Billroth-I and ROUX, as well as resection of 2/3 of the stomach by Billroth-I and Billroth-II. According to the examination data, it was established, that quality of life in patients after truncal vagotomy with antrumectomy by ROUX more precisely corresponded to values of healthy people and the possibility of obtaining "good" and "excellent" results was the highest. The minimal probability to reach the level of the quality of life of healthy people after resection of the stomach is resection of its 2/3. The authors have determined the influence of the type of surgical treatment, the terms after operation, patients' age, functional results (the values of gastric secretion, rate and character of evacuation of food from the stomach, duodenal reflux, etc.), manifestations of the disease of operated stomach. The authors established, that quality of treatment (adequate solution of technical and tactical problems) predetermines quality of life of the patients with duodenal ulcer in postoperative period.     

Retroperitoneal perforation of duodenal ulcer

Retroperitoneal perforation of a duodenal ulcer occurred in a 51 year female. The patient was seriously ill, but recovered after laparotomy with drainage of an abscess, closure of the duodenum and a gastro-jejunal anastomosis. The diagnosis is difficult to establish because of the anatomical relationships.