Recent advance of cultural geography in China

ＣｕｌｔｕｒａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａｉｓａｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｔｈａｔｈａｓｅｖｏｌｖｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅａｎｃｉｅｎｔｔｉｍｅｓｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｍｏｄｅｒｎｔｉｍｅｓ,ａｎｄｄｉｓｔｉｎｇｕｉｓｈｅｄａｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎａｃｃｏｍｐｌｉｓｈｅｄｄｕｒｉｎｇａｌｌｔｈｉｓｐｅｒｉｏｄ（Ｗａｎｇ,１９９１）．Ｙｅｔｉｔｉｓａ“ｎｅｗｌｙｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ”ｉｎｑｕｉｒｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｎｓｅｔｈａｔｎｏｓｕｂｓｔａｎｔｉａｌｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｍ…     

A STUDY ON THE FLORISTIC PLANT GEOGRAPHY OF XISHA ISLANDS, SOUTH CHINA

邢福武，李泽贤，叶华谷，陈炳辉，吴德邻ＡＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＦＬＯＲＩＳＴＩＣＰＬＡＮＴＧＥＯＧＲＡＰＨＹＯＦＸＩＳＨＡＩＳＬＡＮＤＳ，ＳＯＵＴＨＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＸｉｎｇＦｕｗｕ；ＬｉＺｅｘｉａｎ；ＹｅＨｕａｇｕ；ＣｈｅｎＢｉｎｇｈｕｉ；ＷｕＤｅｌｉｎ（...     

Progress of chinese regional geography studies in recent twenty years

ｅｇｉｏｎａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｅｍｂｏｄｉｅｓｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｉｔｙａｎｄｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ .Ｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅ1980ｓｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｍａｎｉｆｏｌｄｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ ,ｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｈａｓｂｅｅｎｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｏｒｉｅｓａｎｄｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅｓ.Ａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ ,ｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒ ｔａｎｃｅｏｆｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｗａ…     

Reform and teaching quality —Exemplification of regional physical geography

There are a number of factors involved in teaching quality. Among them teaching materials or textbooks are of primary importance, the presentation of which relies first of all on the viewpoint to structure the contents geographically. Whatever branch of geography you are teaching or in pursuit, geographical viewpoint is vitally important. This paper in discussing innovation of geographical education about these institutions with the course of regional physical geography as an example. The higher education of our discipline is in pressing need of innovation and thereby upgrading quality.     

历史地理数据的GIS应用处理——以清时期的陕西为例

基于GIS数据处理技术,对清时期陕西省内的县级政区境界做出数字化建库,并链接历史文献中的县级人口、耕地等专题数据,进行了人口分布与人口密度、耕地分布与垦殖密度等方面的数据分析和制图。     

Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay, China——Ⅳ：Study on cross-bay transect from estuary to ocean

The authors analyzed the data collected in the Ecological Station Jiaozhou Bay from May 1991 to November 1994, including 12 seasonal investigations, to determine the characteristics, dynamic cycles and variation trends of the silicate in the bay. The results indicated that the rivers around Jiaozhou Bay provided abundant supply of silicate to the bay. The silicate concentration there depended on river flow variation. The horizontal variation of silicate concentration on the transect showed that the silicate concentration decreased with distance from shorelines. The vertical variation of it showed that silicate sank and deposited on the sea bottom by phytoplankton uptake and death, and zooplankton excretion. In this way, silicon would endlessly be transferred from terrestrial sources to the sea bottom. The silicon took up by phytoplankton and by other biogeochemical processes led to insufficient silicon supply for phytoplankton growth. In this paper, a 2D dynamic model of river flow versus silicate concentration was established by which silicate concentrations of 0.028–0.062 μmol/L in seawater was yielded by inputting certain seasonal unit river flows (m³/s), or in other words, the silicate supply rate; and when the unit river flow was set to zero, meaning no river input, the silicate concentrations were between 0.05–0.69 μmol/L in the bay. In terms of the silicate supply rate, Jiaozhou Bay was divided into three parts. The division shows a given river flow could generate several different silicon levels in corresponding regions, so as to the silicon-limitation levels to the phytoplankton in these regions. Another dynamic model of river flow versus primary production was set up by which the phytoplankton primary production of 5.21–15.55 (mgC/m²·d)/(m³/s) were obtained in our case at unit river flow values via silicate concentration or primary production conversion rate. Similarly, the values of primary production of 121.98–195.33 (mgC/m²·d) were achieved at zero unit river flow condition. A primary production conversion rate reflects the sensitivity to silicon depletion so as to different phytoplankton primary production and silicon requirements by different phytoplankton assemblages in different marine areas. In addition, the authors differentiated two equations (Eqs. 1 and 2) in the models to obtain the river flow variation that determines the silicate concentration variation, and in turn, the variation of primary production. These results proved further that nutrient silicon is a limiting factor for phytoplankton growth. This study was funded by NSFC (No. 40036010), and the Director's Fund of the Beihai Sea Monitoring Center, the State Oceanic Administration.     

重新认识先秦地理学的成就——兼论中国地理学发展史上一次大断裂

当前,国内外地理学史界对中国先秦地理学的成就普遍认识不够。本文认为先秦地理学的成就相当辉煌,是中国地理学著作的创立时代,亦是中国古代地理学成为一门学问的时代。先秦地理学还有着考察自然、研究自然的好传统,秦汉及其以后的中国古代地理学基本上丢失了这个传统,走上侧重地理沿革的考证、社会历史和社会状况的记述之路,形成内容上以史学地理、经学地理、沿革地理为主体的中国传统地理学。先秦与秦汉地理学之间存在一个大断裂。这个大断裂影响了中国古代地理学取得的成就,致使中国古代地理学无法发展衍生为近代地理学。     

Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay, China V： Silicon deficit process

Silicon is a necessary nutrient for diatoms, silicon uptake in diatom reproduction decreased seawater silicon content. This paper clarified the characteristics of silicon transferring in the sea, which plays an important role in phytoplankton growth, zooplankton graze and marine ecosystem. Analysis revealed that silicate is supplied by terrestrial sources, through plankton uptake, death, and eventually deposits to the sea bottom, and cannot diffuse upward. This is a general silicon deficit process. Many global marine waters showed the same silicon transfer route: land→silicon biogeochemical process→sea bottom. River flow brings abundant silicate into marine waters, silicate concentration in the waters decreased in the distance away from the river estuaries. In discussion of silicon characteristics and its transfer route, it was considered that the main factor controlling the mechanism of diatom and non-diatom red tides occurrence is silicon, and the changes in silicon source. Human activities, such as sea-route cutting by building embankment and dam, and silicon supplement by the sea, such as sandstorm, rainstorm and storm tide, have largely impaired the earth ecosystem and hugely threatened the human existence. It is suggested in this paper that man should resume the original face of the Si input into the sea to keep natural ecosystem in sustainable pattern.     

The progress in urban social spactial differentiation study of China

Ｕｒｂａｎｓｏｃｉａｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙａｎｄｉｔｓｓｕｂｆｉｅｌｄ—ｕｒｂａｎｓｏｃｉａｌｓｐａｔｉａｌｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｔｉｏｎｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅ１９６０ｓ．Ｔｉｌｌｎｏｗ,ｂｙｉｔｓｂａｓｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｔｈｅｏｒｙ,ｉｔｃａｎｂｅｄｉｖｉｄｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｒｅｅｓｔａｇｅｓａｎｄｆｏｕｒｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ：１）ｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓｔａｇｅ;２）ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｓｔｕｄｙｓｔａｇｅ;３）ｒａｄｉｃａｌＭａｒ…     

Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay,China V:Silicon deficit process

1 INTRODUCTION Land-sourced silicon are continuously input into the sea by rivers. After being assimilated by thousands of living organisms in the sea, silicon sinks with the marine living organisms to the sea bottom, showing a complete silicon transfer process. The study of this dynamic process need clarifying the characteristics of silicon in the sea, which plays an important role in phytoplankton growth, zoo-plankton graze and marine ecosystem. 2 SILICON BEING INDISPENSABLE N…     

BIOGEOCHEMICAL MECHANISM OF POSTDEPOSITIONAL MIGRATION OF Fe AND Mn IN LAKE AHA, CHINA

I.INTRODUCTIONLakeAhaisamedium--sizedartificialreservoirwithseasonallyanoxichypolirnnion,andawaterresourceofGuizhouProvince,China,builtin1958,workedin1960andexpandedin1982.Ithasadrainagebasinof190kmZwithaverageannualtemperatureof15.3tandprecipitationof1109rum.Openplantcover,containiflgshrubandgrass,surroundsthelake,andsialliticandstfeteyellowsoilisdevelopedonPe~ianlimestoneandcoallayer,meanwhile,OThisprojectwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalaudienceFOundationofChinaandtheaudienceFOund…     

ADVANCES IN STUDIES ON GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES IN CHINA

Based on recent year's advances in geothermal resources studies and explorations in China, this paper reviews the basic distributive characteristics of hot springs in the uplifted area and geothermal water in the Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary basins, suggests that two hydrothermal activity concentrated zones (South Tibet Autonomous Region - West Sichuan Province - West Yunnan Province and coastalarea of Southeast China), one large basin(North China Basin) and two smaller basins(Weihe Basin and Leiqiong Basin) are major areas of study and exploration of geothermal resources in China continent, considers that geothermal resources in China have certain potential of exploitation and should be used, but the scale of exploitation seems to be limited, they cannot occupy an important position in energy supply and can only be regarded as a supplementary energy source.     

Recent Trends in Satellite-Derived Chlorophyll and Aerosol Optical Depth Together with Simulated Dimethylsulfide in the Eastern China Marginal Seas

The biogenic compound dimethylsulfide(DMS)produced by a range of marine biota is the major natural source of re-duced sulfur to the atmosphere and plays a major role in the formation and evolution of aerosols,potentially affecting climate.The spatio-temporal distribution of satellite-derived chlorophyll_a(CHL)and aerosol optical depth(AOD)for the recent years(2011-2019)in the Eastern China Marginal Seas(ECMS)(25°-40°N,120°-130°E)are studied.The seasonal CHL peaks occurred during late April and the CHL distribution displays a clear zonal gradient.Elevated CHL was also observed along the northern and western coastlines during summer and winter seasons.Trend analysis shows that mean CHL decreases by about 10%over the 9-year study period,while AOD was higher in south and lower in north during summertime.A genetic algorithm technique is used to calibrate the key model parameters and simulations are carried out for 2015,a year when field data was available.Our simulation results show that DMS seawater concentration ranges from 1.56 to 5.88 nmol L^?1 with a mean value of 2.76 nmol L^?1.DMS sea-air flux ranges from 2.66 to 5.00mmol m^?2 d^?1 with mean of 3.80mmol m^?2 d^?1.Positive correlations of about 0.5 between CHL and AOD were found in the study region,with higher correlations along the coasts of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces.The elevated CHL concentration along the west coast is correlated with increased sea-water concentrations of DMS in the region.Our results suggest a possible influ-ence of DMS-derived aerosol in the local ECMS atmosphere,especially along the western coastline of ECMS.     

对华南小岩体找大矿问题的探讨

国内外一些规模很大的金属矿床常常出现在一些规模不大的小岩体附近或者小岩体本身就含矿,由此出现了"小岩体成矿"甚至成大矿的现象,如江西德兴铜矿田、湖南骑田岭钨多金属矿集区、广西大厂锡多金属矿集区、广东贵东铀矿田等都存在这种现象。通过对华南扬子成矿省和华南成矿省小岩体成矿多种现象的分析,认为小岩体成矿对于成矿时代、矿床类型、矿种及成因等并无特定的选择,但可能更多地反映了矿床的保存条件,而其深部往往有大岩基。大岩基周围的小岩体尤其值得重视,而孤立的小岩体可能成矿不好,大岩基内部的小岩体以往被忽视了,斜向侵位的小岩体对于结晶分异和多矿种组合具有特别重要的意义。华南地区目前对于小岩体成矿的问题,探讨更多的实际上是小岩体的找矿问题,而对于小岩体成矿机制的研究程度还比较低,需要加强。     

Ecological controls on biogeochemical lfuxes in the western Antarctic Peninsula studied with an inverse foodweb model

Sea ice in the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region is both highly variable and rapidly changing. In the Palmer Station region, the ice season duration has decreased by 92 d since 1978. The sea-ice...     

An evolutionary economic geography perspective on types of operation development in West Lake,China

The types of operation play a key role in facilitating tourism consumption and economic development in a tourism destination. By adopting evolutionary economic geography theory, the paper analyzes the types of operation in West Lake Scenic Area from 1978 to 2013. First, an evolution process consisting of four stages is underpinned, and they are: the new establishment stage, the preliminary development stage, the speedup development stage, and the stabilized maturity stage. Specifically, the distinct characteristics associated with operation types are compared and evaluated at different stages throughout the process. The evolution trees are introduced to scrutinize types of operation development. The results of evolution trees demonstrate the substantial increase in both numbers and types. Second, by applying GIS spatial analysis, the paper also analyzes the spatial evolution characteristics on the types of operation, and the results unveil the co-existence of centripetal and centrifugal forces: the processes of spatial agglomeration and spatial dispersion. More specifically, we recognize the spatial process includes the emergence of node and concentration(1978–1995), the sparse distribution and intensity reduction(1996–2002), the patchy distribution and spatial agglomeration intensification(2003–2008), the dispersed distribution and core area agglomeration(2009–2013). Lastly, path dependence on resource endowment, government and market innovation, knowledge learning and spillover can reasonably explain the types of operation evolution. In conclusion, the evolutionary economic geography theories provide new theoretical and empirical perspectives for tourism policy analysis. At the same time, our comprehensive evidences impart more comprehensive insights and offer useful managerial and policy implications.     

中国犯罪地理与警务GIS研究进展

近30年来,随着公安部门犯罪防控需求的增加,中国犯罪地理学正处于新的发展机遇期。为了能较客观、全面地把握我国犯罪地理学的研究现状与动态,本文从中国知网、万方和维普3大电子资源数据库中筛选出与犯罪地理研究主题相关的期刊论文,以此为样本,对研究内容与研究实力等情况进行统计分析。结果表明,自1980s中期以来,中国犯罪地理学在论文数量、研究方法、实证区域、研究机构与核心作者等方面都日益增多,已经在城市犯罪地理、警用地理信息系统、规划设计预防犯罪、情境犯罪预防等4个主要研究方向出现了导向作用明显的核心作者,呈现出良好的发展态势。进入21世纪后,新的发展机遇在促进犯罪地理学论文数量与研究实力快速增加的同时,也导致了案例研究、量化研究的所占比重显著减少,研究区域的空间范围也大幅收敛,集中在长三角、京津、珠三角地区。新的研究阵营不断涌现,核心作者比重不断下降,犯罪地理学进入了研究阵营争鸣角力的重构期。未来我国犯罪地理学的发展任重而道远,不仅亟需完善相关的理论体系、加强国内的案例实证,而且还需注意研究规范的统一、核心作者群的代际更替等诸多问题。     

中国生态环境遥感四十年

生态环境是人类社会生存与发展的基础。快速发展的遥感技术显著推动着生态环境遥感监测能力的提升,有效支撑了国家生态文明建设。从1980年天津—渤海湾环境遥感试验开始,经历了近40年的发展,遥感监测技术已经广泛应用于生态、大气、水、土壤等生态环境保护各个方面,取得显著成效。本文回顾了我国生态环境遥感技术近40年的发展,通过典型或重要应用案例,系统梳理了遥感技术在生态环境监测、对地观测能力、支撑生态文明建设等方面应用的发展历程。生态环境遥感监测能力发展主要表现在应用领域逐步扩大、监测精度明显提升、监测时效大幅增强;对地观测能力发展主要分为国外卫星为主期、环境卫星发展期、高分卫星应用期3个阶段;支撑生态文明建设的重大事件主要包括全国生态状况定期调查评估、污染防治攻坚战、应急与监督执法等方面。本文结合国家战略和技术发展,对今后生态环境遥感的发展提出了一些思考。     

BIOGEOCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF NUTRIENTS AND THEIR FLUXES IN THE MINJIANG RIVER ESTUARY

IMRODUcTlONThe577km1ongMinjiangRiver,thelongestriverinFujianProvinceofChina,hasa6O992km2drainagebasin.Thewaterdischargeislarge(meaninyearsis198Om/s).TheannualrunofffromtheMinjiangRiveris5.84xlOlom,WhichismorethanthatoftheHuangheRiver,andranksthirdintheannualrunoffofmaorChineseriversWhang,l994).SimdentnutrientSfromtheMinjiangRivertotheseaisanarisa-ryconditionforthefonnationandcontinuingexistenceoftheMindongFisheryGroundandtheMihahongFisheryGround.Inthendingareaofriverwaterwithseaw…     

贵州洞穴金线鲃一新种

描记采于贵州省荔波县茂兰自然保护区范围内一地下河中的金线属一新种 ,以采集地县名命名荔波金线Sinocyclocheilusliboensis.sp .nov。新种外形与广西凌云金线相似 ,但前者鳃耙少 ,仅 4— 5 ,后者 9— 10 ;前者眼间距较窄 ,头长为眼间距的 3.4～ 3.6倍 ,后者 2 .4～ 3.0 (2 .8)倍 ;前者尾柄较细 ,尾柄长为尾柄高的 1.8倍 ,后者 1.3～ 1.6 (1.4 6 )倍 ;前者侧线鳞与体鳞一致 ,侧线上下鳞分别为 2 8— 30和 16— 18,后者侧线鳞大于体鳞 ,侧线上下鳞为 14— 17和 8— 11。