电话版常识-记忆-注意测验用于痴呆的信效度研究

目的:评价电话版常识-记忆-注意测验(Telephone Information-Memory-Concentration test, T-IMCT)应用的信度和效度.方法:痴呆病人共65例,对照组健康老年志愿者67例.采用修改后T-IMCT在面访两周之后对全部受检对象电话访问一次.结果:时间重测信度相关系数为0.93(P<0.01),评定员重测信度相关系数为0.90(P<0.01).面访和电话访问评分的相关系数为0.92(P<0.01).T-IMCT电话评定痴呆的敏感性为80%,特异性为80.6%.T-IMCT与MMSE的相关系数为0.89(p<0.01).结论:T-IMCT具有良好的信度和效度,可以应用于痴呆的筛查.     

社会能力评定量表的编制及信效度检验

目的：编制社会能力评定量表并检测其信度和效度。方法：在全国五大行政区用社会能力评定量表评估1605例正常人(男性814名，女性791名)，分析量表的信效度。结果：全量表的Cronbach's α系数为0．88-0．92，三个分量表的d系数为0．81～0．88；量表的分半信度为0．76～0．87，量表的重测信度为0．67～0．86，量表评分者信度为0．91～0．97，表明量表具有较好的内部一致性和稳定性；各条目与总分的相关系数0．49-0．80，分量表与总分的相关系数为0．76～0.89，通过因子分析，证实了量表的结构效度；全量表总分和职业能力得分与被试单位提供的实际社会能力评分呈高度相关，与韦氏智商呈中低度相关。结论：量表编制符合心理测量学要求，具有良好的信度和效度。     

军人状态-特质焦虑量表的初步编制

目的：编制军人状态-特质焦虑量表。方法：通过对130名军人的预测和357名军人的进一步测试，分析量表的信度和效度指标。结果：量表的内部一致性信度较好，Alpha系数为总量表0．92，状态焦虑量表0．83，特质焦虑量表0．87；效度分析：分量表之间及其与量表总分的相关系数均在0．80以上。结论：军人状态-特质焦虑量表经初步测试．信效度良好。     

欲望指数中文版的信度、效度分析

目的：建立欲望指数（AI-35）的中文版，并分析其信度、效度。方法：634名大学生完成了AI一-35，分析了量表的内部一致性和重测信度、条目间平均相关系数、总分与各因子的相关系数，并进行验证性因子分析。结果：AI-35中文版的Cronbach’sa系数为0．92：重测信度为0．70；条目间平均相关系数为0．33～0．53之间；总分与各因子的相关系数在0．64～0．75之间．各因子的相关系数在0．21～0．63之间：条目对因子的负荷系数在0．53—0．83之间．复相关系数在0．28～0．68之间；验证性因子分析的指标x^2／df（4．17）、NFI（0．97）、CFI（0．98）、TLI（0．97）、REMEA（0．07）均符合测量学要求。结论：AI-35中文版具有良好的信度、效度，在我国也是一种较好测评价值倾向的工具。     

医学结局研究用疼痛量表在腰痛患者中的信效度初步研究

目的:评价医学结局研究用疼痛量表(the Medical Outcomes Study Pain Measurement,MOSPM)的信度及效度。方法:58例临床慢性腰背痛患者评定MOSPM,以VAS和SF-36为效度标准进行自评,四周后重测MOSPM。对量表的内部一致性、重测信度和平行效度进行分析。结果:MOSPM标准化后的各条目分与总分的相关系数在0·72~0·94之间,其中疼痛平均程度项(条目6)与总分的相关系数为0·94(P<0·001),Cronbach sα系数为0·97。MOSPM各条目的重测相关系数为0·70~0·92,总分的相关系数为0·86(P<0·001)。MOSPM各条目分与VAS分的相关系数在0·49~0·89(P<0·001)之间,MOSPM总分与VAS分的相关系数为0·85(P<0·001)。SF-36除外生理机能分量表与5个MOSPM条目不相关、精神健康分量表与疼痛频率也不相关外,其余相关均有统计学意义,相关系数在-0·29~-0·92之间(P<0·05)。结论:MOSPM在慢性腰背痛患者中应用具有较好的信度和效度。     

《Bristol最新神经心理量表》中文版的信度评价

目的 :评价《Bristol最新神经心理量表》中文版的信度。方法 :对 182名老年人进行测试 ,分析量表内部一致性及重测信度。结果 :量表中 70 %项目为中等难度 ;各分测验积分与量表总分相关系数r为0 5 0 4～ 0 878(P <0 0 0 1) ,Cronbachα系数 =0 748,分量表在 0 768～ 0 80 9,内部一致性良好 ;重测相关系数多数在 0 6～ 0 9,量表总分重测相关系数r =0 92 6(P <0 0 0 1) ,判别结果符合良好。结论 :《Bristol最新神经心理量表》中文版是信度较好的标准化成套量表 ,能对老年及老年前期多项认知功能进行全面、系统评价 ,适合我国临床和研究应用。     

多维学生生活满意度量表中文版的初步测试报告

目的：建立多维学生生活满意度量表(Multidimensional Students’Life Satisfaction Scale，MSLSS)的中文版，并测试其信、效度。方法：793名中学生完成了MSLSS，计算量表的内部一致性信度、分半信度和重测信度、总分与各因子间的相关系数．并进行验证性因子分析。结果：MSLSS中文版的Cronbach’sα系数为0．90；重测信度为0．86：总分与各因子的相关系数在0．71-0．80之间，各因子间的相关系数在0.36～0．57之间；条目对因子的标准负荷系数在0．35～0．89之间，5个潜变量在上一级潜变量的标准负荷系数介于0．55～0．74之间。验证性因子分析的指标：x^2、x^2／df、NFI、CFI、TLI、RMSEA均符合心理测量学要求。结论：MSLSS中文版具有良好的信、效度．在我国也是一种较好的青少年生活满意度测评工具。     

TAS-20中文版的信度、效度分析

目的：建立多伦多述情障碍20个条目量表(TAS-20)的中文版，并分析其信、效度。方法：416名大学生完成了TAS-20，分析量表的内部一致性和重测信度、条目间平均相关系数、总分与各因子间的相关系数，并进行验证性因子分析。结果：TAS-20中文版的Cronbach’s a系数为0．83；重测信度为0．87；条目间平均相关系数在0．13～0．32之间；总分与各因子的相关系数在0．72～0．82之间，各因子间的相关系数在0．29～0．54之间；条目对因子负荷系数在0．25～0．76之间，复相关系数在0．06～0．57之间；验证性因子分析的指标：NFI(0．973)、CFI(0．987)、TLI(0．984．)、χ^2／df(1．781)、REMEA(0．055)均符合测量学要求。结论：TAS-20中文版具有良好的信、效度，在我国也是一种较好的述情障碍测评工具。     

Barratt冲动量表用于儿童的信度和效度初步研究

目的：考察父母评BIS冲动评定量表的信度和效度。方法：从分半信度、重测信度、以及同质性信度等方面进行信度检验。效度主要从以下两方面加以考察：①结构效度：包括内部一致性和因素结构两方面；②效标效度：包括冲动评定量表与CBCL、Conners量表的多动冲动因子的相关，并比较研究组与异常组得分的差异结果：分半相关系数0．722；重测信度为0．825；量表及因子内部一致性α系数为：注意0．387、运动0．64l、缺少计划0．643、总分0．794；与Conners的多动冲动因子及CBCL的相应因子相关：分析量表因素提了取出6个因子：异常组得分明最较研究组高。结论：父母量袭BIS评定量表的信，效度均较理想．符合心理计量学要求。     

简明神经精神量表中文版在老年痴呆患者中的信效度

目的:建立简明神经精神量表(Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire,NPI-Q)的中文版,并考察其在老年痴呆患者中的信度和效度。方法:经原作者同意后,将NPI-Q翻译为中文版。10例痴呆患者由3名测评员使用NPI-Q联合评定,检验量表的评定者间一致性信度。对86例痴呆患者及30例健康对照进行AD病理行为评分表(behavioral pathologyin Alzheimer's disase,BEHAVE-AD)、简明精神病量表(The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale,BPRS)与NPI-Q评定,检验量表的效标效度,其中30例痴呆患者间隔24h重复评定,检验量表的重测信度。结果:(1)内部一致性,NPI-Q的严重程度分量表Cronbach α系数为0.566,条目间平均相关系数为0.098;痛苦程度分量表Cronbach α系数为0.642,条目间平均相关系数为0.130。(2)评定者间一致性信度,严重程度分量表组内相关性系数(ICC)为0.97;痛苦程度分量表组内相关性系数(ICC)为0.94。(3)重测信度,严重程度分量表重测相关系数为0.89;痛苦程度分量表重测相关系数为0.86。(4)效标效度,严重程度分量表总分与BEHAVE-AD总分、BPRS总分相关系数分别为0.70和0.40;痛苦程度分量表总分与BEHAVE-AD总评相关系数为0.76。(5)痴呆组严重程度、痛苦程度评分均高于正常对照(中位数:10vs.1.5,10vs.0;均P0.001)。(6)探索性因子分析获得精神病性、异常行为、失自控及情感障碍4个公因子。4个公因子对方差的累计贡献率为58.3%。各条目在相应公因子上的因子负荷在0.596～0.803之间。结论:简明神经精神量表中文版的信效度符合量表测量学的要求,但仍然需要扩大样本进行更深入的研究分析。     

个体和社会功能量表中文版在精神分裂症患者中的信效度

目的:考察个体和社会功能量表(Personal and Social Performance scale,PSP)中文版(PSP-CHN)在精神分裂症患者中的信度和效度.方法:收集165例符合DSM-IV-TR精神分裂症诊断标准的门诊或住院精神分裂症患者,10例患者用于研究者一致性培训,155例进行大体社会功能量表(Global Assessment of Functioning Scale,GAF))、阳性和阴性症状量表(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale,PANSS)和PSP-CHN检查,分析PSP-CHN量表的内部一致性、PSP-CHN与GAF的一致性(效标效度)以及与患者疾病严重度的相关性(关联效度).66例患者在首次PSP-CHN评估后的5～7天内,由另一名研究者对患者进行第2次检查,评价PSP-CHN的重测信度.27例PANSS总分≥60分的患者,接受系统药物治疗8周,评估8周后PANSS及PSP-CHN评分改变,以及二者的相关性.结果:PSP-CHN量表的内部一致性Cronbach α系数为0.84,PSP-CHN总分的研究者之间一致性Kappa值为0.56(ICC=0.94),重测一致性ICC＝0.95.PSP-CHN总分与GAF有较好的相关性(ICC＝0.95),与PANSS总分及分量表分负相关(r=-0.79,-0.57,-0.63和-0.71,P＜0.01).治疗8周后,治疗有效患者(定义为PANSS与基线比较的减分率≥50%)PSP评分增加(平均增加21.2)明显高于部分有效的患者(定义为PANSS与基线比较的减分率<50%,PSP增加10.2分).结论:个体和社会功能量表中文版是评估精神分裂症急性期和稳定期患者个人和社会功能的一个简洁、易操作、较稳定的工具,适用于临床实践或研究中使用.     

Intra-rater reliability and smallest detectable change of compression sonoelastography in quantifying the material properties of the musculoskeletal system

Musculoskeletal conditions can change tissue elasticity. Knowledge of musculoskeletal elasticity could therefore aid clinical diagnosis and management. Sonoelastography is an ultrasound-based system that examines the material properties of tissues, and it may be useful in musculoskeletal practice. Therefore, it is important to establish its clinimetric properties. This study aimed to explore the intra-rater reliability and the smallest detectable changes of sonoelastography in examining musculoskeletal structures. A quantitative reliability design was used to examine 22 healthy participants using a compression sonoelastography system that produces color-coded images. The deltoid, biceps brachii, brachioradialis, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius medius muscles, and Achilles tendon were examined twice at 1-hr intervals to assess the intra-rater reliability. The sonoelastography images were analyzed using the strain index, strain ratio, and color pixels. The intra-rater reliability and the smallest detectable changes of each outcome variable were determined. The intra-class correlation coefficient was used to quantify the repeatability of the measurements, and the smallest detectable changes were calculated to determine clinically important differences above the error of measurement. The intra-rater reliability for the strain index, strain ratio, and color pixel analysis ranged from moderate to excellent (intra-class correlation coefficients: .734–.950, .776–.921, and .754–.990, respectively), with color pixel analysis demonstrating the highest reliability. The smallest detectable changes were determined for all structures, including the Achilles tendon (0.11 for the higher boundary of the strain index, 1.80 for the strain ratio, and 2.90% for red pixels, representing soft tissues). Color pixel analysis may be more reliable for sonoelastography interpretation compared with the strain index and strain ratio. The calculated smallest detectable changes could be used to identify clinically important differences.     

Reliability of the KT1000 arthrometer and the Lachman test in patients with an ACL rupture

The underlying study is a cross sectional study on the reliability of the KT1000 arthrometer and the Lachman test to determine the within-session inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability of the KT1000 arthrometer and the Lachman test. Twenty patients with a complete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) were examined in a single session each. During the assessment, two physical therapists measured the anterior-posterior translation of the knee using both the KT1000 arthrometer and the Lachman test. One examiner performed a repeated measurement of each test for determination of intra-rater reliability. The examiners were blinded to the findings of their colleague. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to describe the degree of reliability of the measurements. High ICCs were found for the intra-rater reliability and the inter-rater reliability of the Lachman test (ICC=1.0 and 0.77). For the KT1000 arthrometer both ICCs were clearly lower (ICC=0.47 and 0.14). The KT1000 arthrometer shows inadequate reliabilities, even when measurements are repeated within a single measurement session. Contrastingly, the Lachman test is a reliable measurement to determine the anterior-posterior laxity of the ACL deficit knee. The results of the present study suggest good within-session intra-rater reliability as well as inter-rater reliability for the Lachman test.     

Assessing mental health in primary care research using standardized scales: can it be carried out over the telephone?

BACKGROUND: Telephone interviewing has economic and logistical advantages but has not been widely used in the UK. Most studies comparing face-to-face and telephone psychiatric assessment have been carried out in the US, often restricted to a population with known psychiatric disorder and involving comparisons between two separate sample groups rather than repeat interviews with the same group. The aim of the present study was to compare face-to-face and telephone administration of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire and the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule in a UK general practice sample. METHOD: Ninety-eight consecutive attenders at two general practices were assessed twice within 48 h. The order of face-to-face and telephone interviews was alternated. RESULTS: There was no evidence that the mode of administration led to a bias in scores on the CIS-R. For the GHQ, those aged over 60 tended to score higher on the telephone. There was good agreement between face-to-face and telephone scores for both GHQ and CIS-R and good agreement for case definition. Participants had a strong preference for face-to-face interviews. CONCLUSIONS: Telephone assessment of mental health using the GHQ and CIS-R is a reasonable method to be used in primary care research in the UK with the limitation that telephone responses from older people might be different from face-to-face assessments for the GHQ. However, telephone interviewing appeared less acceptable and should probably be used in the context of established or ongoing personal contact between researcher and subject.     

Can clinical features of bipolar-I disorder be assessed reliably on the telephone?

BACKGROUND: The reliability of telephone interviews for rating 25 selected individual items of the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS) was assessed among persons with remitted bipolar disorder I (BPD I, n = 20). METHODS: The Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS) was administered directly (with two raters present) and by telephone in random order to 20 adults with bipolar disorder I. RESULTS: Telephone interviews achieved reliability comparable to direct interviews for 16 items (64%), but were considered unsatisfactory for seven others (28%). Two other items, which evaluated the overlap between substance abuse and mood disorder, were considered unreliable for both methods of interview. LIMITATIONS: The presence of two interviewers for the in-person interview may have led to over-estimation of in-person reliability. Investigator bias in favor of phone interviews and a relatively small sample may have confounded the results. CONCLUSIONS: Telephone interviews may be used to evaluate individuals with BPD I in remission, provided the limitations of this method are recognized. They have limited reliability for dissecting overlap between mood abnormalities and psychotic phenomena or substance abuse.     

Is laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) the new kid on the block in systemic sclerosis? A systematic literature review and pilot study to evaluate reliability of LASCA to measure peripheral blood perfusion in scleroderma patients

Objectives

A reliable tool to evaluate flow is paramount in systemic sclerosis (SSc). We describe herein on the one hand a systematic literature review on the reliability of laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) to measure the peripheral blood perfusion (PBP) in SSc and perform an additional pilot study, investigating the intra- and inter-rater reliability of LASCA.

Cost-effectiveness of telephone or surgery asthma reviews: economic analysis of a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Only about a third of people with asthma attend an annual review. Clinicians need to identify cost-effective ways to improve access and ensure regular review. AIM: To compare the cost-effectiveness of nurse-led telephone with face-to-face asthma reviews. DESIGN OF STUDY: Cost-effectiveness analysis based on a 3-month randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Four general practices in England. METHOD: Adults due an asthma review were randomised to telephone or face-to-face consultations. Trial nurses recorded proportion reviewed, duration of consultation, and abortive calls/missed appointments. Data on use of healthcare resources were extracted from GP records. Cost-effectiveness was assessed from the health service perspective; sensitivity analyses were based on proportion reviewed and duration of consultation. RESULTS: A total of 278 people with asthma were randomised to surgery (n = 141) or telephone (n = 137) review. Onehundred-and-one (74%) of those with asthma in the telephone group were reviewed versus 68 (48%) in the surgery group (P <0.001). Telephone consultations were significantly shorter (mean duration telephone = 11.19 minutes [standard deviation {SD} = 4.79] versus surgery = 21.87 minutes [SD = 6.85], P <0.001). Total respiratory healthcare costs per patient over 3 months were similar (telephone = pounds sterling 64.49 [SD = 73.33] versus surgery = pounds sterling 59.48 [SD = 66.02], P = 0.55). Total costs of providing 101 telephone versus 68 face-to-face asthma reviews were also similar (telephone = pounds sterling 725.84 versus surgery = pounds sterling 755.70), but mean cost per consultation achieved was lower in the telephone arm (telephone = pounds sterling 7.19 [SD = 2.49] versus surgery = pounds sterling 11.11 [SD = 3.50]; mean difference = - pounds sterling 3.92 [95% confidence interval = - pounds sterling 4.84 to pounds sterling 3.01], P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Telephone consultations enable a greater proportion of asthma patients to be reviewed at no additional cost to the health service. This mode of delivering care improves access and reduces cost per consultation achieved.     

Postural Assessment Software (PAS/SAPO): Validation and Reliabiliy

OBJECTIVE:

This study was designed to estimate the accuracy of the postural assessment software (PAS/SAPO) for measurement of corporal angles and distances as well as the inter- and intra-rater reliabilities.

INTRODUCTION:

Postural assessment software was developed as a subsidiary tool for postural assessment. It is easy to use and available in the public domain. Nonetheless, validation studies are lacking.

METHODS:

The study sample consisted of 88 pictures from 22 subjects, and each subject was assessed twice (1 week interval) by 5 blinded raters. Inter- and intra-rater reliabilities were estimated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. To estimate the accuracy of the software, an inanimate object was marked with hallmarks using pre-established parameters. Pictures of the object were rated, and values were checked against the known parameters.

RESULTS:

Inter-rater reliability was excellent for 41% of the variables and very good for 35%. Ten percent of the variables had acceptable reliability, and 14% were defined as non-acceptable. For intra-rater reliability, 44.8% of the measurements were considered to be excellent, 23.5% were very good, 12.4% were acceptable and 19.3% were considered non-acceptable. Angular measurements had a mean error analisys of 0.11°, and the mean error analisys for distance was 1.8 mm.

DISCUSSION:

Unacceptable intraclass correlation coefficient values typically used the vertical line as a reference, and this may have increased the inaccuracy of the estimates. Increased accuracies were obtained by younger raters with more sophisticated computer skills, suggesting that past experience influenced results.

CONCLUSION:

The postural assessment software was accurate for measuring corporal angles and distances and should be considered as a reliable tool for postural assessment.     

The Present Behavioural Examination (PBE): the development of an interview to measure current behavioural abnormalities.

Behavioural problems are an important feature of dementia and other neuropsychiatric conditions. This paper describes the development and performance of an investigator-based interview (the PBE) for the detailed assessment of the behaviour of subjects over the preceding four weeks. The interview is designed to be administered to carers. A test-retest reliability study was carried out on the penultimate edition of this interview; and the inter-rater reliability of the final edition was measured. These studies show that the reliability of the PBE is comparable with that of other investigator-based interviews.