短波广播数字化信道接收机的设计

随着广播事业的发展,传统的模拟接收机已经无法满足应用需求,尤其是对广播信号的多信道信号同步解调,模拟接收机无法实现。如果将模拟射频信号采用全数字化后,通过数字处理,就可以实现多信道信号同步解调,以及信号的存储。本文阐述了数字化信道接收机的设计过程,如何将模拟射频信号通过采样原理实现数字化,应用数字处理FFT技术及解调算法完成基带信号的解调。     

基于两级信道化的宽带数字接收机结构

通过无盲区的均匀信道划分,研究了一种基于两级数字信道化的高效宽带数字信道化接收机结构。该结构的一级信道化采用奇偶两路并行结构,对整个接收机瞬时带宽进行粗划分,并配合有效的信道检测机制实现对当前输入信号所在接收机分析带宽的准确定位,同时适合对大带宽信号的接收;二级信道化对一级信道化的子信道带宽进行细划分,提高了信道的频率分辨率,实现了多信号的频域分离,适合对窄带信号的接收。本结构实现了频率的多分辨,在满足同一频率分辨率时较单级信道化结构所需要的总信道数小,且降低了滤波器的阶数和设计难度,适合硬件实现。     

OFDM系统中基于预编码的时变信道半盲估计方法

讨论了一种适用于时变信道的OFDM系统半盲信道估计方法。该算法以一种基于线性预编码的信道估计技术为基础,利用接收信号的自相关矩阵所包含的信道信息进行信道估计。引入了一个具有单一参数的遗忘多项式,在时变信道下快速获得接收信号的自相关矩阵,使得该算法具有很强的信道跟踪能力。仿真结果表明,在时变多径瑞利衰落信道中,当信道仅在一个OFDM符号时间内保持不变时,该方法仍能够获得较高的信道估计精度和系统误比特率性能。     

基于直接序列扩频的WSN通信信道均衡算法

对无线传感器网络（WSN）通信信道进行均衡设计,抑制无线传感器节点之间的码间干扰,改善通信质量。提出一种基于直接序列扩频的WSN通信信道均衡算法。进行了WSN的信道模型设计,为了降低信道输出的稳态误差,采用时间反转镜为匹配滤波方法,进行多径信道的码间干扰滤波,设计自相关匹配滤波器,通过直接序列扩频方法实现WSN通信的信道均衡。仿真结果表明,采用该算法进行WSN的通信信道均衡设计,发射信号沿各个路径到达接收机的信号分量得到准确分离,信号的多径分量得到无误码接收,通信信道均衡效果较好,通信误比特率低于传统方法,改善了WSN通信质量,展示了较好的应用价值。     

基于OFDM的多载波CDMA技术

并行多载波传输理论与CDMA技术的结合，是目前研究的热点之一。文章介绍一种新的无线通信技术——基于OFDM的多载波CDMA技术，给出系统模型和特点，并与CDMA技术加以比较，证明前者在频谱频率、抗多径干扰能力、信道估计、功率控制等方面更胜一筹的优势及未来良好的应用前景。     

LTE-advanced中基于DBF的分集接收机

文章提出一种基于数字波束合成（Digital Beamforming,DBF）的多径分集接收方法,方法首先通过并行DBF分离出到达同一用户的每条多径信号,再以其中的一条多径信号作为参考,通过其余多径与该条多径信号间相关性进行延时估计,而不是传统伪随机码。然后进行移相,使各条多径信号间相对延时小于半个符号周期,最后合并所有多径信号。新方法使接收机一方面通过DBF实现同频干扰抑制,另一方面通过延时估计和移相,利用多径实现分集接收,从而大大降低系统误码率。文章分析了算法中多个参数对延时估计的影响,并通过仿真说明了该方法的有效性。     

基于多层感知器的低压电力线时变信道非线性均衡方法

通过添加适当的循环前缀(CP)的正交频分复用(OFDM)技术是一种去除高速通信中符号间干扰的有效方法，但低压电力线作为载波通信通道使用时是一种时变多径信道，采用OFDM技术进行高速载波通信时信号的正交性会因此而受到一定程度的破坏，产生子载波间干扰（ICI）。该文采用基于多层感知器（MLP）的均方差(MSE)准则实现了一种时变信道的非线性均衡。为了验证所提出的非线性均衡方法的有效性，选取具有宽带耦合放大器的实际低压电力线通信(PLC)信道作为实验用非线性信道模型。对比了基于MSE准则的线性和非线性均衡器对系统性能的影响，表明该文采用的非线性均衡方法可以更有效地补偿信道的多径性和时变性造成的影响和改善电力线载波通信系统的性能。     

频率选择性衰落CDMA信道的半盲估计算法

提出了一种用于频率选择性衰落CDMA信道的半盲估计方法.该方法首先把高速率传输测控信号转换成多个低速率并行传输COMA信号,利用CDMA系统中扩频增益远大于信道阶数的特点消除了信道码间干扰的影响,然后在多个并行传输的低速率CDMA信号中插入导频信号,利用导频信号估计得到测控信号后,不需要训练序列,就能实现对信道的估计.该方法仅使用少量导波信号,不占用额外带宽,具有较低的运算复杂度.     

无线扩频工业遥控器收发部分的设计与实现

文中介绍基于SC1128的无线扩频工业遥控器系统。该系统以AT89S52为核心控制电路,扩频芯片SC1128、射频接收芯片MC13156以及锁相环集成芯片LMX2315所构成的射频收发电路,给出了扩频无线收发系统的设计方案,实现了多信道切换。接收机部分采用超外差体系结构,发射机部分采用了直接变容二极管调制。发射与接收的振荡电路均使用了锁相环技术。整个设计多采用集成芯片,系统简单可靠。     

船舶自动识别系统（AIS）VHF接收机的设计

VHF接收机是船载自动识别系统(AIS)的关键部件之一,其性能直接影响到AIS系统自组织组网的优劣、接收船舶的数目多少及所能接收到最远船只的距离远近。本文根据国际海事组织(IMO)有关标准,给出了一种船舶自动识别系统中VHF接收机的设计方案。文中简介了接收机的工作原理,给出了基于MAX2306的VHF接收机的硬件和软件设计。实验测试和实际应用表明该接收机的接收灵敏度、邻信道选择性等都已达到规定的要求,并且该接收机结构简单、性能稳定,易于批量化生产。     

嵌入式DRM+接收机的设计与实现

针对欧洲电信联盟( ETSI)最新提出的模拟广播数字化标准DRM+,介绍了一种接收DRM+数字广播的软件接收机方案,并详细叙述了软件接收机的关键技术环节.该接收机的硬件工作平台以DM3730处理器为核心,采用DSPLink技术,实现DRM+广播信号的实时接收;接收机系统平台为Windows Embedded CE 6....     

Simulation of Multi-Element Antenna Systems for Navigation Applications

The application of user terminals with multiple antenna inputs for use with the global navigation satellite systems like Global Positioning System (GPS) and Galileo has attracted more and more attention in the past years. Multiple antennas may be spread over the user platform and provide signals required for the platform attitude estimation or may be arranged in an antenna array to be used together with array processing algorithms for improving signal reception, e.g., for multi-path and interference mitigation. In order to generate signals for testing of receivers with multiple antenna inputs and corresponding receiver algorithms in a laboratory environment, a unique hardware signal simulation tool for wavefront simulation has been developed. The signals for a number of antenna elements are first generated in a flexible user defined geometry as digital signals in baseband and then mixed up to individual RF-outputs. This paper describes the principle functionality of the system and addresses some calibration issues. Measurement setups and results of data processing with simulated signals for different applications are shown and discussed.     

Blind decoder‐assisted interference reduction for coded DS‐CDMA systems

We propose an iterative blind interference reduction strategy for short‐burst coded DS‐CDMA systems. The blind strategy works by creating a set of ‘training sequences’ in the receiver that are used as input to an interference reduction algorithm whose task is to produce a corresponding set of equalizers that attempt to recover the desired signal. To maintain a reasonable complexity level we develop a semi‐blind interference reduction algorithm that is capable of equalizing the received signal with a relatively small training sequence length (thus maintaining a small training sequence set). The objective then becomes to determine which equalizer from the generated set gives the best performance (smallest bit error). It is demonstrated that the success of this scheme depends greatly on the ability to find an appropriate criterion for picking the best equalizer. Of the tested criteria, one based on feedback from the decoder (essentially using trellis information) is shown to achieve nearly optimal performance. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于MATLAB仿真的LMS和LCMV算法抗干扰性能比较研究

对空域抗干扰技术中常用的最小均方（LMS）算法和线性约束最小方差（LCMV）算法的原理进行了说明,建立了多元天线阵列模型,并以此模型为基础,对这两种算法的收敛速度、信噪比和误码率等参数进行了分析和比较,最后采用MATLAB进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,LCMV算法的收敛速度较LMS算法要稍慢,但是达到最终稳定时的误差均值以及收敛效率要优于LMS算法。     

CDMA2000中的Turbo码的改进

本文提出了第3代移动通信系统CDMA2000标准中采用的Turbo码编码和译码的改进算法。通过Matlab仿真对卷积码和改进后的Turbo码在CDMA2000前向信道中的性能比较分析,证明改进后的Turbo码性能优异并能够通过减少迭代次数从而减轻译码复杂度。     

Comparison of CDMA and OFDM Systems for Broadband Power Line Communications

Direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are two options for broadband power line communications. In this paper, a comparison is made between the CDMA and OFDM systems. The bit error rate (BER) performance and the optimum overall data rate of the CDMA and OFDM systems are analyzed and compared, using the criteria of the same bandwidth occupation, the same transmission power for each user, the same total number of users in the system and the same power line channel. The comparison is based on the analytical models that are developed and verified by simulations.     

Flexible Spectrum and Power Allocation for OFDM Unlicensed Wireless Systems

Future generations of communication systems will benefit from cognitive radio technology, which significantly improves the efficient usage of the finite radio spectrum resource. In this paper we present a wireless unlicensed system that successfully coexists with the licensed systems in the same spectrum range. The proposed unlicensed system determines the level of signals and noise in each frequency band and properly adjusts the spectrum and power allocations subject to rate constraints. It employs orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation and distributes each transmitted bit energy over all the bands using a novel concept of bit spectrum patterns. A distributed optimization problem is formulated as a dynamic selection of spectrum patterns and power allocations that are better suited to the available spectrum range without degrading the licensed system performance. Bit spectrum patterns are designed based on a normalized gradient approach and the transmission powers are minimized for a predefined quality of service (QoS). At the optimal equilibrium point, the receiver that employs a conventional correlation operation with the replica of the transmitted signal will have the same efficiency as the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) receiver in the presence of noise and licensed systems. Additionally, the proposed approach maximizes the unlicensed system capacity for the optimal spectrum and power allocations. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified through simulations.      

室内多径信道的三维宽带多极化测量方法

针对室内多径信道的特点,提出了一种可对室内多径信道进行三维宽带多极化测量的方法,并设计制作了三维宽带多极化测量系统,利用该系统对典型室内环境的多径信道进行了测量。测量系统的发射端和接收端天线阵列各由一组虚拟的多极化天线阵列构成,多径信道的频域响应由矢量网络分析仪测量得到。利用此系统对典型室内环境中多径信道进行的三维多极化测量结果表明,不同极化方式的电磁波在相同多径环境中的传播特性有明显差异。在不同的测量位置,包括直射和非直射的多径条件下,不同极化的多径信道之间相关系数都很低,证明可以利用不同极化方式多径信道的不相关在室内环境中构建极化分集的MIMO系统。     

Analysis of maximal-ratio of transmitting/receiving antenna selection with perfect and partial channel information

To improve system performance and reduce the complexity and cost of receiver hardware, we investigated a new multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme combining maximal-ratio transmitting and receiver antenna selection (MRT/RAS). In this scheme, a single receiving antenna, which maximizes the signalto-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver, is selected for demodulation. The closed-form outage probability and the bit error rate (BER) of the MRT/RAS system are both presented. The simulation demonstrates that the MRT/RAS scheme can achieve a full diversity order as if all the receiving antennas were used. It is shown that the MRT/RAS scheme outperforms some more complex space-time codes of the same spectral efficiency. The analytical results are verified by simulation. In the end, we also analyze the MRT/RAS system based on partial channel information.     

基于FPGA的高动态GPS信号FFT快捕设计与实现

高动态GPS接收机中,扩频信号捕获是系统的关键技术.系统的高动态特性即导航卫星和接收机之间径向距离和径向速度的影响,使GPS信号产生相位延迟和多普勒频移,加大了信号捕获的难度.若采用通常的滑动相关法捕获,需要很长的捕获时间.为提高捕获性能,本文分析了一种频域FFT快速捕获方法,对GPS信号进行频域并行捕获,详细介绍了基于FPGA的具体实现,通过高动态GPS信号发生器的辅助实验,缩短了捕获时间,验证了算法的有效性,并给出了改进措施.